Metallorganische Lewis-Säuren. Metallkomplexe mit schwach koordinierten Liganden

Die Tetrafluoroborato- und Hexafluoroantimonato-Komplexe (π-C5H5)(CO)3MoX (X = FBF3, FSbF5) setzen sich mit (π-C5H5)(CO)3MoCH3, (π-C5H5)(CO)2FeCH3 oder (π-C5H5)(CO)2FeCOCH3 und cis-, trans-Ph3P(CO)4MnCOCH3 zu [(π-C5H5)(CO)2Mo(μ2-η2-COCH3)Mo(CO)2(π-C5H5)]+ BF4− (I), [(π-C5H5)(CO)2Fe - C(CH3)O-Mo(CO)3(π-C5H5)]+ SbF6− (II) und [(Ph3P)(CO)4Mn-C(CH3)O-Mo(CO)3(π-C5H5)]+ BF4− (III) um

Анализ ответственности за правонарушения в области техносферной безопасности

Проводится анализ нормативно-правовых актов Российской Федерации в области ответственности предприятий за нарушения техносферной безопасности. Выявлена общая сущность и отличительные характеристики видов ответственности по основным направлениям техносферной безопасности. Обобщается и систематизируется виды ответственности и меры наказания в трех областях техносферной безопасности: охрана окружающей среды, охрана труда, промышленная безопасность. The analysis of regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation in the area of responsibility of enterprises for technospheric security breach. A general essence and the especial characteristics of species in mainstream technospheric security responsibility. Summarized and systematized responsibilities and penalties in three areas technospheric security: the environment, health and safety, industrial safety

Interpreting and Explaining Deep Neural Networks for Classification of Audio Signals

Interpretability of deep neural networks is a recently emerging area of machine learning research targeting a better understanding of how models perform feature selection and derive their classification decisions. This paper explores the interpretability of neural networks in the audio domain by using the previously proposed technique of layer-wise relevance propagation (LRP). We present a novel audio dataset of English spoken digits which we use for classification tasks on spoken digits and speaker's gender. We use LRP to identify relevant features for two neural network architectures that process either waveform or spectrogram representations of the data. Based on the relevance scores obtained from LRP, hypotheses about the neural networks' feature selection are derived and subsequently tested through systematic manipulations of the input data. The results confirm that the networks are highly reliant on features marked as relevant by LRP.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure

Comparing charge transfer tuning effects by chemical substitution and uniaxial pressure in the organic charge transfer complex tetramethoxypyrene-tetracyanoquinodimethane

In the search for novel organic charge transfer salts with variable charge transfer degree we study the effects of two modifications to the recently synthesized donor-acceptor Tetramethoxypyrene (TMP)-Tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ). One is of chemical nature by substituting the acceptor TCNQ molecules by F4TCNQ molecules. The second consists in simulating the application of uniaxial pressure along the stacking axis of the system. In order to test the chemical substitution, we have grown single crystals of TMP-F4TCNQ and analyzed its electronic structure via electronic transport measurements, ab initio density functional theory (DFT) calculations and UV/VIS/IR absorption spectroscopy. This system shows an almost ideal geometrical overlap of nearly planar molecules alternately stacked (mixed stack) and this arrangement is echoed by a semiconductor-like transport behavior with an increased conductivity along the stacking direction. This is in contrast to TMP-TCNQ which shows a less pronounced anisotropy and a smaller conductivity response. Our bandstructure calculations confirm the one-dimensional behavior of TMP-F4TCNQ with pro- nounced dispersion only along the stacking axis. Infrared measurements illustrating the CN vibration frequency shift in F4TCNQ suggest however no improvement on the degree of charge transfer in TMP-F4TCNQ with respect to TMP-TCNQ. In both complexes about 0.1 is transferred from TMP to the acceptor. Concerning the pressure effect, our DFT calculations on designed TMP-TCNQ and TMP-F4TCNQ structures under different pressure conditions show that application of uniaxial pressure along the stacking axis of TMP-TCNQ may be the route to follow in order to obtain a much more pronounced charge transfer

Zwei-Freiheitsgrade-Regelung linearer Systeme mit Stellgrößen- und Stellratenbegrenzungen

In diesem Artikel wird eine schnelle Führungsregelung für lineare Regelstrecken unter Stellgrößenund Stellratenbeschränkungen vorgestellt. Dazu wird ein auch für nichtlineare Systeme anwendbarer inversionsbasierter Vorsteuerungsentwurf mit einem weich-strukturvariablen Regler kombiniert. Die Formulierung eines konvexen Optimierungsproblems erlaubt den effizienten Reglerentwurf

Reward system and temporal pole contributions to affective evaluation during a first person shooter video game

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Violent content in video games evokes many concerns but there is little research concerning its rewarding aspects. It was demonstrated that playing a video game leads to striatal dopamine release. It is unclear, however, which aspects of the game cause this reward system activation and if violent content contributes to it. We combined functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) with individual affect measures to address the neuronal correlates of violence in a video game.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Thirteen male German volunteers played a first-person shooter game (<it>Tactical Ops: Assault on Terror</it>) during fMRI measurement. We defined success as eliminating opponents, and failure as being eliminated themselves. Affect was measured directly before and after game play using the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Failure and success events evoked increased activity in visual cortex but only failure decreased activity in orbitofrontal cortex and caudate nucleus. A negative correlation between negative affect and responses to failure was evident in the right temporal pole (rTP).</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The deactivation of the caudate nucleus during failure is in accordance with its role in reward-prediction error: it occurred whenever subject missed an expected reward (being eliminated rather than eliminating the opponent). We found no indication that violence events were directly rewarding for the players. We addressed subjective evaluations of affect change due to gameplay to study the reward system. Subjects reporting greater negative affect after playing the game had less rTP activity associated with failure. The rTP may therefore be involved in evaluating the failure events in a social context, to regulate the players' mood.</p

Collision avoidance in persons with homonymous visual field defects under virtual reality conditions

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to examine the effect of homonymous visual field defects (HVFDs) on collision avoidance of dynamic obstacles at an intersection under virtual reality (VR) conditions. Overall performance was quantitatively assessed as the number of collisions at a virtual intersection at two difficulty levels. HVFDs were assessed by binocular semi-automated kinetic perimetry within the 90° visual field, stimulus III4e and the area of sparing within the affected hemifield (A-SPAR in deg2) was calculated. The effect of A-SPAR, age, gender, side of brain lesion, time since brain lesion and presence of macular sparing on the number of collisions, as well as performance over time were investigated. Thirty patients (10 female, 20 male, age range: 19–71years) with HVFDs due to unilateral vascular brain lesions and 30 group-age-matched subjects with normal visual fields were examined. The mean number of collisions was higher for patients and in the more difficult level they experienced more collisions with vehicles approaching from the blind side than the seeing side. Lower A-SPAR and increasing age were associated with decreasing performance. However, in agreement with previous studies, wide variability in performance among patients with identical visual field defects was observed and performance of some patients was similar to that of normal subjects. Both patients and healthy subjects displayed equal improvement of performance over time in the more difficult level. In conclusion, our results suggest that visual-field related parameters per se are inadequate in predicting successful collision avoidance. Individualized approaches which also consider compensatory strategies by means of eye and head movements should be introduced