Sonochemistry approach for a new process of biodiesel production from Jatropha Curcas Oil

This thesis presents the sonochemistry approach to reduce required reaction time to convert the Jatropha Curcas oil into biodiesel using an the ultrasound clamp on tubular reactor. The effect of diameter clamp on tubular reactor to remove free fatty acid (FFA) in the esterification process was investigated. The concentrations of methanol and catalyst in the transesterification process were clearly observed in this research. While in the purification process, the water concentration to oil, the output power and reaction time were investigated. The tube of diameter 60 mm removed FFA to below 1 % in 5 minutes. The optimum condition of the transesterification process was a molar ratio of methanol to oil of 7:1, catalyst concentration of 1 %, time of reaction of 5 minutes. Meanwhile the optimum condition of the purification process was at water concentration of 10 % (v/v), power output of 240 W, time of reaction of 5 minutes. The reaction time of esterification by clamp on tubular reactor reduces until 96 %, and transesterification reaction reduces until 83 % compared to conventional stirring method. The small pilot plant has been developed in this research according to the optimum condition. The average energy for one kg of biodiesel needed 0.06 kWh and 11 hour time of production process. In the performance engine and emission, this decreased of the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) could be due to lower heating value and higher density compared to diesel fuel. As an average amount of smoke density, was decreased to 60 % compared to diesel fuel. Average lessening of CO2 was determined as same as diesel fuel

SIMULASI PERHITUNGAN STABILITAS BENDUNG

Dalam masa pembangunan Indonesia sejak tahun 1970-an hingga kini, khususnya dalam penyediaan prasarana bangunan air untuk irigasi, telah ribuan bangunan bendung dibangun. Salah satu jenis bendung yang dibangun ialah bendung permanen dari bahan pasangan batu. Tujuan dari simulasi perhitungan stabilitas bendung adalah untuk mengetahui perencanaan pembangunan bendung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penyusunan Proyek Akhir ini adalah dengan menggunakan metode observasi. Metode Observasi dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan data yang dilakukan dengan prosedur melihat data dokumen dan kondisi riel di lapangan. Data-data yang didapat adalah (1) gambar denah, (2) gambar potongan bendung, (3) permeabiliti tes tanah di lapangan, (4) uji geser langsung tanah, (5) analisis butiran tanah, dan (6) data dimensi bendung. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan rumus-rumus yang berlaku dalam perhitungan stabilitas bendung. Hasil yang didapatkan berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan adalah sebagai berikut: bendung tersebut aman terhadap rembesan (piping) karena dari perhitungan di peroleh hasil WCR= 6,25 ˃ 3 dari WCR tanah jenis lempung lunak. Bendung tersebut aman terhadap gaya guling karena pada saat debit banjir di tinjau dari besarnya nilai momen pasif lebih besar dari momen aktif sehingga gaya tahan dapat menahan gaya aktif. Bendung tersebut ditinjau dari gaya geser masih aman pada saat terjadi banjir karena gaya yang bekerja secara vertikal dan horisontal diperoleh SF = 1,65 ≥ safety factor yaitu 1,5.Selanjutnya bendung tersebut juga aman terhadap daya dukung tanah karena sesuai terhadap daya dukungnya yaitu: σ1 = (∑V)/B(1 + 6e/B) 0. Dalam masa pembangunan Indonesia sejak tahun 1970-an hingga kini, khususnya dalam penyediaan prasarana bangunan air untuk irigasi, telah ribuan bangunan bendung dibangun. Salah satu jenis bendung yang dibangun ialah bendung permanen dari bahan pasangan batu. Tujuan dari simulasi perhitungan stabilitas bendung adalah untuk mengetahui perencanaan pembangunan bendung. Metode yang digunakan dalam penyusunan Proyek Akhir ini adalah dengan menggunakan metode observasi. Metode Observasi dilakukan dengan cara mengumpulkan data yang dilakukan dengan prosedur melihat data dokumen dan kondisi riel di lapangan. Data-data yang didapat adalah (1) gambar denah, (2) gambar potongan bendung, (3) permeabiliti tes tanah di lapangan, (4) uji geser langsung tanah, (5) analisis butiran tanah, dan (6) data dimensi bendung. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan rumus-rumus yang berlaku dalam perhitungan stabilitas bendung. Hasil yang didapatkan berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan adalah sebagai berikut: bendung tersebut aman terhadap rembesan (piping) karena dari perhitungan di peroleh hasil WCR= 6,25 ˃ 3 dari WCR tanah jenis lempung lunak. Bendung tersebut aman terhadap gaya guling karena pada saat debit banjir di tinjau dari besarnya nilai momen pasif lebih besar dari momen aktif sehingga gaya tahan dapat menahan gaya aktif. Bendung tersebut ditinjau dari gaya geser masih aman pada saat terjadi banjir karena gaya yang bekerja secara vertikal dan horisontal diperoleh SF = 1,65 ≥ safety factor yaitu 1,5.Selanjutnya bendung tersebut juga aman terhadap daya dukung tanah karena sesuai terhadap daya dukungnya yaitu: σ1 = (∑V)/B(1 + 6e/B) 0

STRATEGI JURNALIS DALAM PENERAPAN PRINSIP JURNALISME ONLINE PADA MEDIA BERITA JATIMPOS.CO

In the digital era, journalism is undergoing a significant transformation that requires journalists to adapt to new principles in online journalism. This study examines the strategies applied by journalists to maintain integrity, accuracy and credibility in a fast-paced, internet-based media environment. This research is through a descriptive approach, focusing on the application of online journalism principles such as how Jatimpos.co media journalists carry out the principles of online journalism put forward by Paul Bradshaw and how strategies are carried out by journalists in Jatimpos.co media in maintaining journalistic ethical standards. Based on the research title, so using qualitative research because the data generated from interviews and observations. The results of the research data findings show that journalists adopt various strategies, including rigorous fact verification, In addition, they also utilize social media to interact with audiences and strengthen community involvement. The study concludes that effective implementation of online journalism principles requires a balance between speed and accuracy, as well as constant adaptation to technological developments and media consumer behavior

ASPEK HUKUM PERALIHAN HARTA WARIS BERASAL DARI GOLONGAN NON PRIBUMI TIONGHOA MENJADI HARTA WARIS ISLAM (Studi Kasus) Penetapan Pengadilan Negeri Tangerang Nomor : 989/PDT.P/2013/PN.TNG.

Dinamika kehidupan manusia selalu terdikotomi oleh berbagai permasalahan yang melingkupinya. Salah satu permasalahan yang sering muncul dalam kehidupan manusia yaitu berkaitan dengan kebendaan atau kekayaan, karena kebendaan atau kekayaan merupakan kebutuhan yang fundamental demi kelangsungan hidup manusia. Perselisihan yang menyangkut harta benda kerapkali terjadi ketika masing-masing pihak merasa berhak memiliki dan ingin menguasai atas benda dan kekayaan tersebut. Permasalahan yang akan diteliti dalam penulisan ini adalah faktor apa yang melatarbelakangi terjadinya peralihan harta waris yang berasal dari golongan non pribumi Tionghoa menjadi harta waris Islam dan apa akibat hukum terhadap beralihnya harta waris yang berasal dari golongan non pribumi Tionghoa menjadi warisan harta waris Islam. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan peneliti adalah library research (yurudis normatif). Yaitu suatu pendekatan alternatif yang menganalisa bahan-bahan pustaka di bidang hukum yang norma- normanya tertulis dan spesifikasi penelitian deskriptis analitis, yaitu dengan menggunakan metode dan teori ilmu-ilmu sosial tentang hukum untuk membantu peneliti dalam melakukan analisis. Hasil kesimpulan yang diambil dalam penelitian ini yaitu : beralihnya harta waris disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor, antara lain: karena hubungan darah, ikatan perkawinan, dan karena kesamaan Iman antara pewaris dengan ahli waris. Dalam hadits dinyatakan bahwa ahli waris yang berbeda agama tidak mendapatkan warisan, akan tetapi keadaan tersebut bisa dianulir dengan wasiat wajibah. Akibat hukum terhadap perpindahan agama dan Penetapan Pengadilan berdampak terhadap prosentase pembagian harta warisan. Dengan demikian, hak kepemilikan yang diterima oleh ahli waris atas harta warisan terbagi secara tidak merata antara ahli waris yang satu dengan yang lainnya

MARKETING STRATEGY RELATIONSHIP AND SERVICE QUALITY TO CUSTOMER SATISFACTION AT AUTO 2000 IN BANDUNG (WEST JAVA)

The background of this study was customer relationship marketing and service quality of customer Auto 2000 in Bandung (West Java) have accepted that customer retention is even more profitable than customer attraction and we can observe the interest of customer Auto 2000 in Bandung (West Java). In adopting relationship marketing principles and designing strategies to develop close and long lasting relationships with the most profitable customers. The objective of this study to analysis of marketing activities and programs implemented in order to establish, develop and maintain relationships with customers and the impact these activities have on the firm performance. The design of this study applies to customer Auto 2000 in Bandung (West Java) and the questionnaires were spreaded away to 175 respondents. Data analysis used in this study was Multiple Regression with SPSS program. The resulted of this study conclude that relationship marketing strategy and service quality in customer Auto 2000 in Bandung (West Java) significantly affect to customer satisfactionMarketing strategy, service quality, customer satisfaction

Developing Teaching Materials By Using Computer-Assisted Problem-Based Learning

Computer-Assisted Problem-Based Learning (CAPBL) as a learning approach requires good teaching materials to make the learning process works effectively according to the characteristics and objectives of problem-based learning approach. Similarly in mathematics, appropriate teaching materials are adjusted to the characteristics of the subjects of mathematics that need to be delivered through CAPBL support towards the achievement of learning objectives. CAPBL is a learning approach that concerned extremely to the emphasis ofcomplex and open-ended problem as the basis for learning that will be faced by students in small groups; the emphasis of the role of students as who are responsible for their own learning; and the emphasis of the role of teacher as a facilitator, assisted by computer as a media that is expected to facilitate the learning process. Defining a clear idea of the problems; group learning; student role; teacher role; and assessment in problem-based learning and the role of computer in CAPBL will make the development of teaching materials matches to the characteristics of PBL itself. When that happens, CAPBLwill work effectively to be used on the teaching materials as well as it supports the learning process. Key Words: Problem-Based Learning, Computer Assissted Problem-Based Learning, teaching materials

A Study on Slangs Found in Malang Post

The objective of this study is the researcher wants to describe slang of reversion, pure \ud slang, and slang of loan word written in Malang Post published on October 2004. \ud The design of this study is descriptive qualitative. The accessible population is only \ud newspapers published on October 2004 and the sample is all “Ngalam” columns written in \ud October 2004. On that period, the researcher found 25 “Ngalam” columns as the sample. \ud The data collection method used in this research is documentary study. The document in \ud this study is Malang Post newspapers published on October 2004. \ud Based on the research, there are 48 slang words found in “Ngalam” column published in \ud October 2004. 44 words grouped as slang of reversion, 1 word as pure slang, and 3 words \ud as slang of loan word. 35 of them are adopted from Indonesian language and the rest are \ud Javanese. \ud From the result of the research, the researcher concludes that slang of reversion of \ud Indonesian dominate the finding. Malang people prefer to adopt Indonesian words rather \ud than Javanese in creating slang of reversion because several reasons. \ud The researcher hopes the result of this research can be used as one of the reference \ud especially for the lecturer who teaches sociolinguistic and it can be used as an additional \ud material in teaching slang. The researcher also wants to give a description about slang \ud written in Malang Post for the students from other cities who wants to know more about \ud slang in Malang and as a comparison with slang from their own city