To find the efficacy of crude extract from plants on germination of seeds

Germination is the growth of an embryonic plant contained within a seed; it results in the formation of the seedling. The seed of a higher plant is a small package produced in a fruit or cone after the union of male and female sex cells. All fully developed seeds contain an embryo and, in most plant species some store of food reserves, wrapped in a seed coat. Some plants produce varying numbers of seeds that lack embryos, these are called empty seeds, and never germinate. Most seeds go through a period of quiescence where there is no active growth; during this time the seed can be safely transported to a new location and/or survive adverse climate conditions until circumstances are favorable for growth. Quiescent seeds are ripe seeds that do not germinate because they are subject to external environmental conditions that prevent the initiation of metabolic processes and cell growth. Under favorable conditions, the seed begins to germinate and the embryonic tissues resume growth. In the present study, research was done to find the effect of crude extract of plants on germination of seeds. The plants which we have chosen may show the positive or negative effect on the germination of seeds. This has some importance in the rain fed areas. Even the specific plant extract soaked and sow in land may helpful to tolerate the drought conditions. Also study is helpful to agriculture or agricultural industry. It helps to find out the anti sprouting property of the plants. However, further work is needed to improve this method

A NOVEL MATLAB/SIMELECTRONICS MODEL OF PV ARRAY WITH MPPT CONTROLLER

A photovoltaic array (PVA) simulation model to be used in Matlab-Simelectronic GUI environment will be developed and analyzed in this paper. In Simelectronic environment the simulink signal is converted to physical signal and again physical signal is converted to simulink signal. The model is developed using basic circuit equations of the photovoltaic (PV) solar cells including the effects of solar irradiation and temperature changes. The new model developed will be tested using a directly coupled dc load. A new implemented Photovoltaic Array Simulation model is to be developed by using Matlab/ Simelectronic Simulation Software. Test and validation studies with proper load matching circuits are simulated and results are presented here

Smart Polymers in Drug Delivery Applications

Acknowledgements: The authors sincerely acknowledge the financial supports of the UGC, New Delhi under UPE-FARI Program [F.No. 14-3/2012 (NS/PE)] and the DST, New Delhi under DST-PURSE-Phase-II Program [F.No. SR/PURSE Phase 2/13(G)]. Furthermore, this research was supported by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER), through COMPETE2020 under the PT2020 program (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-023423), and by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (UID/Multi/04044/2013) and PAMI (ROTEIRO/0328/2013; Nº 022158).The most important components of living cells such as carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids are the polymeric molecules. Nature utilizes polymers both as constructive elements and as a part of the complicated cell machinery of living things. The rapid advancement in biomedical research has led to many creative applications for biocompatible polymers. With the development of newer and more potent drugs, a parallel expansion in more sophisticated drug delivery systems becomes mandatory. Smart polymeric drug delivery systems can respond to environmental changes and consequently, alter their properties reversibly enabling an efficient and safe drug delivery. This review comprehensively discusses various aspects of these polymers classified in different categories as per the type of stimulus.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

The influence of ɑ-amido/thioamido functionality in ester reduction with sodium borohydride

644-65

Solvent and salt dependent 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition : Synthesis of isoxazolidino and isoxazolino-carbocycles

275-27

Catalogue of Types and of Sponges, Corals, Polychaetes, Crabs and Echinoderms in the Reference Collections of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute

The Reference collections of the Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute at Mandapam Camp have steadily grown in the past two decades since its inception. Although it was originally intended to have these collections primarily with a view to representing economically important groups from the marine habitats, in recent years, with a number of Research Scholars specializing in varied zoological groups out of taxonomic and academic interests, the collections of the Institute have increased substantially. In the present Bulletin are listed 46 Type species representing different phyla, 152 species of sponges,160 species of corals, 200 species of crabs and hermit-crabs and 185 species of echinoderms. Some of the species listed are new records from the seas around India or even from the Indian Ocean as reported by the research workers of this institute. For types, references are given followed by type category, registered number, locality and other particulars. For reference collections the name of the species is followed by registered number and localities of occurrence

Fluorescent Pigment and Phenol Glucosides from the Heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium

The fluorescence shown by extracts of the heartwood of Pterocarpus marsupium is attributed to salts of the new compound 1, whose structure was elaborated using detailed spectroscopic/ spectrometric studies. The plant material also contains the nonfluorescent compounds 2 and 3. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined by experimental and theoretically calculated electronic CD spectra, while that of 3 was deduced from ECD comparison with reported results in the α-hydroxydihydrochalcone series

Effect of the 3'APOB-VNTR polymorphism on the lipid profiles in the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Apolipoprotein (Apo) B is the major component of low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and chylomicrons. Many genetic polymorphisms of the Apo B have been described, associated with variation of lipid levels. However, very few studies have evaluated the effect of the variable number of tandem repeats region 3' of the Apo B gene (3'APOB-VNTR) polymorphism on the lipid profiles in the special minority subgroups in China. Thus, the present study was undertaken to study the effect of the 3'APOB-VNTR polymorphism on the serum lipid levels in the Guangxi Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A total of 548 people of Hei Yi Zhuang were surveyed by a stratified randomized cluster sampling. The epidemiological survey was performed using internationally standardized methods. Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels were measured. The 3'APOB-VNTR alleles were determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels, and classified according to the number of repeats of a 15-bp hypervariable elements (HVE). The sequence of the most common allele was determined using the PCR and direct sequencing. The possible association between alleles of the 3'APOB-VNTR and lipid variables was examined. The results were compared with those in 496 people of Han who also live in that district.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Nineteen alleles ranging from 24 to 64 repeats were detected in both Hei Yi Zhuang and Han. HVE56 and HVE58 were not be detected in Hei Yi Zhuang whereas HVE48 and HVE62 were totally absent in Han. The frequencies of HVE26, HVE30, HVE46, heterozygote, and short alleles (< 38 repeats) were higher in Hei Yi Zhuang than in Han. But the frequencies of HVE34, HVE38, HVE40, homozygote, and long alleles (≥ 38 repeats) were lower in Hei Yi Zhuang than in Han (<it>P </it>< 0.05–0.01). The levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and Apo B in Hei Yi Zhuang but not in Han were higher in VNTR-LS (carrier of one long and one short alleles) than in VNTR-LL (the individual carrying two long alleles) genotypes. The levels of TC, triglycerides (TG), LDL cholesterol, and Apo B in Hei Yi Zhuang were higher in both HVE34 and HVE36 alleles than in HVE32 allele. The levels of TC, TG, HDL-C and Apo B in Hei Yi Zhuang were also higher in homozygotes than in heterozygotes. There were no significant differences in the detected lipid parameters between the VNTR-SS (carrier of two short alleles) and VNTR-LS or VNTR-LL genotypes in both ethnic groups.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>There were significant differences of the 3'APOB-VNTR polymorphism between the Hei Yi Zhuang and Han populations. An association between the 3'APOB-VNTR polymorphism and serum lipid levels was observed in the Hei Yi Zhuang but not in the Han populations.</p

Brevianes Revisited

Breviones are a new family of secondary metabolites that were originally isolated from the New Zealand endemic fungus Penicillium brevicompactum var. Dierckx. These compounds are generally characterized by a new carbon skeleton, known as breviane, which that has three possible structural variations, such as breviane, abeo-breviane, and abeo-norbreviane. Brevianes present a basic diterpenic tricyclic core that is mevalonic in origin and is similar to that of perhydrophenanthrene. The core bears four methyl groups at positions C4, C8, C10, and C13 and has defined stereochemistry at positions C5, C8, C9, C10, and C14. The C1'-C7' side chain has been proposed to have a polyketide biosynthetic origin and is joined to the diterpenic moiety through carbons C2'-C15'. The cyclization and lactonization of this part of the molecule leads to the characteristic breviane spiranic ring fused to the α-pyrone