Diseño y construcción de una máquina seleccionadora automática para la región de puno, aplicada a la clasificación por tamaños de los granos de haba seca

El diseño y construcción de una máquina seleccionadora automática para la región de puno, aplicada a la clasificación por tamaños de los granos de haba seca está basado en el requerimiento del sector agroindustrial dedicado a la producción agrícola, que tiene como principal finalidad minimizar tiempos de clasificación del grano de haba seca. El proceso de investigación previo y necesario para determinar la funcionalidad y las características de la máquina, se realizó basándonos en los principios de máquinas y herramientas similares construidas en países occidentales y en consultas permanentes a profesionales de la rama. Como resultado de ésta investigación, la máquina está estructurada de la siguiente manera: faja transportadora, sistema de transmisión de potencia y un sistema eléctrico con control automático para el motor, tolvas, para accionar los ejes se seleccionó una trasmisión por bandas conectada a un motor trifásico de 220V con potencia de 2.2Kw (3HP). Se tomó en cuenta la necesidad de seleccionar por tamaños el grano de haba seca en buena calidad basándose en la medición de los mismos granos de acuerdo a la zona donde se realiza la producción como resultado se seleccionó los 3 diámetros los cuales son de 14 mm. 16 mm. y 18 mm. Respectivamente, mediante el cual se logró satisfacer las necesidades de los que exportan el producto, por lo que se seleccionaron y diseñaron los diferentes mecanismos de acuerdo a esta necesidad, logrando que en la misma máquina se pueda clasificar 18 [kg/min] de granos de haba seca en 3 variedades.Tesi

New Perspectives Related to the Bioluminescent System in Dinoflagellates: Pyrocystis lunula, a Case Study

Pyrocystis lunula is considered a model organism due to its bioluminescence capacity linked to circadian rhythms. The mechanisms underlying the bioluminescent phenomenon have been well characterized in dinoflagellates; however, there are still some aspects that remain an enigma. Such is the case of the presence and diversity of the luciferin-binding protein (LBP), as well as the synthesis process of luciferin. Here we carry out a review of the literature in relation to the molecular players responsible for bioluminescence in dinoflagellates, with particular interest in P. lunula. We also carried out a phylogenetic analysis of the conservation of protein sequence, structure and evolutionary pattern of these key players. The basic structure of the luciferase (LCF) is quite conserved among the sequences reported to date for dinoflagellate species, but not in the case of the LBP, which has proven to be more variable in terms of sequence and structure. In the case of luciferin, its synthesis has been shown to be complex process with more than one metabolic pathway involved. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the P630 or blue compound, seem to be involved in this process. In the same way, various hypotheses regarding the role of bioluminescence in dinoflagellates are exposed

Requerimientos de habilidades blandas en el sector de ingeniería: el caso de la industria de ingeniería mecánica

Context: There is currently a high demand of professionals with highly developed soft skills, but there is no clarity about which ones. The purpose of this article is to determine which soft skills are required at different organizational levels in the mechanical engineering sector. Methods: A survey was designed and applied to 81 mechanical engineers graduated from Universidad de Pamplona. The instrument evaluated the level of development of 10 soft skills in the undergraduate program, in addition to the level required for an entry-level job as well as for a technical and an executive position. The statistical tools employed were the bilateral Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the median, the mode, a Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA, and a Games-Howell post hoc test. Results: The training level regarding soft skills was found to be acceptable (Me=3), specifically for creativity, negotiation, and nonverbal communication skills, while those related to presenting before audiences, critical thinking, recognition, responsibility, integrity, and humility show greater development (good, Me=4). On the other hand, report writing, emotional competencies, and critical thinking are the most important skills (Me=5) for an entry-level job. To ascend to technical positions, those related to presenting before different audiences, the recognition of team members, and leadership are required. For managerial positions, nonverbal language, negotiation, supervision, and entrepreneurship skills are also required (Me=5). Conclusions: Written communication, emotional competencies, and critical thinking should be bolstered in order to provide alumni with higher competitiveness. As for technical and managerial positions, a higher development of the ten analyzed soft skills is needed. Undergraduate and graduate programs should include these new business requirements in their curricula in order to increase the competitiveness of their alumni.Contexto: Actualmente, existe una gran demanda de profesionales con habilidades blandas altamente desarrolladas, pero no hay claridad sobre cuáles son. El propósito de este artículo es determinar cuáles son las habilidades blandas que se requieren en diferentes niveles organizacionales en el sector de la ingeniería mecánica. Método: Se diseñó y aplicó una encuesta a 81 ingenieros mecánicos egresados de la Universidad de Pamplona. El instrumento evaluó el nivel de desarrollo de 10 habilidades blandas en el pregrado, así como el nivel requerido para un primer empleo y para un cargo técnico y uno gerencial. Las herramientas estadísticas utilizadas fueron la prueba bilateral de Kolmogórov-Smirnov, la mediana, la moda, el ANOVA de Kruskall-Wallis, y la prueba post hoc de Games-Howell. Resultados: Se encontró que el nivel de formación de habilidades blandas es aceptable (Me=3), específicamente para las habilidades de creatividad, negociación y comunicación no verbal, mientras que las de exponer frente a diferentes audiencias, pensamiento crítico, reconocimiento, responsabilidad, integridad y humildad demuestran un mayor desarrollo (bueno, Me=4). Por otro lado, la escritura de informes, la competencia emocional y el pensamiento crítico son las habilidades más importantes (Me=5) para el primer empleo. Para asenso a posiciones técnicas, se requiere además habilidades relacionadas con exponer ante diferentes audiencias, el reconocimiento de los miembros del equipo de trabajo y liderazgo. Para cargos gerenciales, se requiere también la integridad, el lenguaje no verbal, la negociación, la supervisión y el emprendimiento (Me=5). Conclusiones: Debe potenciarse la comunicación escrita, la competencia emocional y el pensamiento crítico para dar mayor competitividad al recién egresado. En relación con los cargos técnicos y gerenciales, se necesita un mayor desarrollo de todas las 10 habilidades blandas investigadas. Los programas de pregrado y postgrado deben incluir estos nuevos requerimientos empresariales en sus currículos para incrementar la competitividad de sus egresados

Requerimientos de habilidades blandas en el sector de ingeniería: el caso de la industria de ingeniería mecánica

Contexto: Actualmente, existe una gran demanda de profesionales con habilidades blandas altamente desarrolladas, pero no hay claridad sobre cuáles son. El propósito de este artículo es determinar cuáles son las habilidades blandas que se requieren en diferentes niveles organizacionales en el sector de la ingeniería mecánica. Método: Se diseñó y aplicó una encuesta a 81 ingenieros mecánicos egresados de la Universidad de Pamplona. El instrumento evaluó el nivel de desarrollo de 10 habilidades blandas en el pregrado, así como el nivel requerido para un primer empleo y para un cargo técnico y uno gerencial. Las herramientas estadísticas utilizadas fueron la prueba bilateral de Kolmogórov-Smirnov, la mediana, la moda, el ANOVA de Kruskall-Wallis, y la prueba post hoc de Games-Howell. Resultados: Se encontró que el nivel de formación de habilidades blandas es aceptable (Me=3), específicamente para las habilidades de creatividad, negociación y comunicación no verbal, mientras que las de exponer frente a diferentes audiencias, pensamiento crítico, reconocimiento, responsabilidad, integridad y humildad demuestran un mayor desarrollo (bueno, Me=4). Por otro lado, la escritura de informes, la competencia emocional y el pensamiento crítico son las habilidades más importantes (Me=5) para el primer empleo. Para asenso a posiciones técnicas, se requiere además habilidades relacionadas con exponer ante diferentes audiencias, el reconocimiento de los miembros del equipo de trabajo y liderazgo. Para cargos gerenciales, se requiere también la integridad, el lenguaje no verbal, la negociación, la supervisión y el emprendimiento (Me=5). Conclusiones: Debe potenciarse la comunicación escrita, la competencia emocional y el pensamiento crítico para dar mayor competitividad al recién egresado. En relación con los cargos técnicos y gerenciales, se necesita un mayor desarrollo de todas las 10 habilidades blandas investigadas. Los programas de pregrado y postgrado deben incluir estos nuevos requerimientos empresariales en sus currículos para incrementar la competitividad de sus egresados

Terapia grupal con ancianos deprimidos en una residencia.

El deterioro psicofísico del anciano genera, frecuentemente, un descenso de la autoestima, que asociado a fenómenos de «indefensión aprendida» y reforzamiento externo de las conductas de dependencia, deriva hacia trastornos depresivos de evolución crónica. Se revisa la utilidad de la psicoterapia grupal en el anciano deprimido y se presenta una experiencia terapéutica en un medio residencial

Terapia grupal con ancianos deprimidos en una residencia.

El deterioro psicofísico del anciano genera, frecuentemente, un descenso de la autoestima, que asociado a fenómenos de «indefensión aprendida» y reforzamiento externo de las conductas de dependencia, deriva hacia trastornos depresivos de evolución crónica. Se revisa la utilidad de la psicoterapia grupal en el anciano deprimido y se presenta una experiencia terapéutica en un medio residencial

Development of New Antiproliferative Compound against Human Tumor Cells from the Marine Microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana by Applied Proteomics

Proteomics is a crucial tool for unravelling the molecular dynamics of essential biological processes, becoming a pivotal technique for basic and applied research. Diverse bioinformatic tools are required to manage and explore the huge amount of information obtained from a single proteomics experiment. Thus, functional annotation and protein-protein interactions are evaluated in depth leading to the biological conclusions that best fit the proteomic response in the system under study. To gain insight into potential applications of the identified proteins, a novel approach named "Applied Proteomics" has been developed by comparing the obtained protein information with the existing patents database. The development of massive sequencing technology and mass spectrometry (MS/MS) improvements has allowed the application of proteomics nonmodel microorganisms, which have been deeply described as a novel source of metabolites. Between them, Nannochloropsis gaditana has been pointed out as an alternative source of biomolecules. Recently, our research group has reported the first complete proteome analysis of this microalga, which was analysed using the applied proteomics concept with the identification of 488 proteins with potential industrial applications. To validate our approach, we selected the UCA01 protein from the prohibitin family. The recombinant version of this protein showed antiproliferative activity against two tumor cell lines, Caco2 (colon adenocarcinoma) and HepG-2 (hepatocellular carcinoma), proving that proteome data have been transformed into relevant biotechnological information. From Nannochloropsis gaditana has been developed a new tool against cancer-the protein named UCA01. This protein has selective effects inhibiting the growth of tumor cells, but does not show any effect on control cells. This approach describes the first practical approach to transform proteome information in a potential industrial application, named "applied proteomics". It is based on a novel bioalgorithm, which is able to identify proteins with potential industrial applications. From hundreds of proteins described in the proteome of N. gaditana, the bioalgorithm identified over 400 proteins with potential uses; one of them was selected as UCA01, "in vitro" and its potential was demonstrated against cancer. This approach has great potential, but the applications are potentially numerous and undefined

The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

The Athena X-ray Integral Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer, studied since 2015 for flying in the mid-30s on the Athena space X-ray Observatory, a versatile observatory designed to address the Hot and Energetic Universe science theme, selected in November 2013 by the Survey Science Committee. Based on a large format array of Transition Edge Sensors (TES), it aims to provide spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV (up to 7 keV) over an hexagonal field of view of 5 arc minutes (equivalent diameter). The X-IFU entered its System Requirement Review (SRR) in June 2022, at about the same time when ESA called for an overall X-IFU redesign (including the X-IFU cryostat and the cooling chain), due to an unanticipated cost overrun of Athena. In this paper, after illustrating the breakthrough capabilities of the X-IFU, we describe the instrument as presented at its SRR, browsing through all the subsystems and associated requirements. We then show the instrument budgets, with a particular emphasis on the anticipated budgets of some of its key performance parameters. Finally we briefly discuss on the ongoing key technology demonstration activities, the calibration and the activities foreseen in the X-IFU Instrument Science Center, and touch on communication and outreach activities, the consortium organisation, and finally on the life cycle assessment of X-IFU aiming at minimising the environmental footprint, associated with the development of the instrument. Thanks to the studies conducted so far on X-IFU, it is expected that along the design-to-cost exercise requested by ESA, the X-IFU will maintain flagship capabilities in spatially resolved high resolution X-ray spectroscopy, enabling most of the original X-IFU related scientific objectives of the Athena mission to be retained. (abridged).Comment: 48 pages, 29 figures, Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy with minor editin

The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

The Athena X-ray Integral Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer studied since 2015 for flying in the mid-30s on the Athena space X-ray Observatory. Athena is a versatile observatory designed to address the Hot and Energetic Universe science theme, as selected in November 2013 by the Survey Science Committee. Based on a large format array of Transition Edge Sensors (TES), X-IFU aims to provide spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV (up to 7 keV) over a hexagonal field of view of 5 arc minutes (equivalent diameter). The X-IFU entered its System Requirement Review (SRR) in June 2022, at about the same time when ESA called for an overall X-IFU redesign (including the X-IFU cryostat and the cooling chain), due to an unanticipated cost overrun of Athena. In this paper, after illustrating the breakthrough capabilities of the X-IFU, we describe the instrument as presented at its SRR (i.e. in the course of its preliminary definition phase, so-called B1), browsing through all the subsystems and associated requirements. We then show the instrument budgets, with a particular emphasis on the anticipated budgets of some of its key performance parameters, such as the instrument efficiency, spectral resolution, energy scale knowledge, count rate capability, non X-ray background and target of opportunity efficiency. Finally, we briefly discuss the ongoing key technology demonstration activities, the calibration and the activities foreseen in the X-IFU Instrument Science Center, touch on communication and outreach activities, the consortium organisation and the life cycle assessment of X-IFU aiming at minimising the environmental footprint, associated with the development of the instrument. Thanks to the studies conducted so far on X-IFU, it is expected that along the design-to-cost exercise requested by ESA, the X-IFU will maintain flagship capabilities in spatially resolved high resolution X-ray spectroscopy, enabling most of the original X-IFU related scientific objectives of the Athena mission to be retained. The X-IFU will be provided by an international consortium led by France, The Netherlands and Italy, with ESA member state contributions from Belgium, Czech Republic, Finland, Germany, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, with additional contributions from the United States and Japan.The French contribution to X-IFU is funded by CNES, CNRS and CEA. This work has been also supported by ASI (Italian Space Agency) through the Contract 2019-27-HH.0, and by the ESA (European Space Agency) Core Technology Program (CTP) Contract No. 4000114932/15/NL/BW and the AREMBES - ESA CTP No.4000116655/16/NL/BW. This publication is part of grant RTI2018-096686-B-C21 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and by “ERDF A way of making Europe”. This publication is part of grant RTI2018-096686-B-C21 and PID2020-115325GB-C31 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033