Peningkatan Disolusi Asam Mefenamat Melalui Kokristalisasi dengan Para-Aminobenzoic Acid Menggunakan Metode Liquid‐Assisted Grinding

Cocrystallization of mefenamic acid (AM) with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) as a coformer has been carried out using the liquid-assisted grinding method. This study aims to determine whether mefenamic acid can be increased its dissolution rate through the formation of cocrystals with PABA. Cocrystal AM-PABA were prepared in a 1:2 molar ratio. The dissolution rate of AM-PABA cocrystal was 1.45 times better than that of pure mefenamic acid. The formation of cocrystals was confirmed by characterization results which showed the formation of a new crystalline phase which was indicated by the appearance of new diffractogram peaks on XRD, decreasing melting point on DSC thermogram, and shifting and decreasing of wavenumber intensity in FTIR spectra.Telah dilakukan kokristalisasi asam mefenamat (AM) dengan para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) sebagai koformer dengan menggunakan metode liquid‐assisted grinding. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah asam mefenamat dapat ditingkatkan laju disolusinya melalui pembentukan kokristal dengan PABA. Kokristal AM-PABA dibuat dengan perbandingan molar 1:2. Laju disolusi kokristal AM-PABA meningkat 1,45 kali lebih baik dibandingkan asam mefenamat murni. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan terbentuknya fase kristal baru yang ditandai dengan munculnya puncak difraktogram baru pada XRD, penurunan titik lebur pada termogram DSC, serta pergeseran dan penurunan intensitas bilangan gelombang pada spektra FTIR

Investigating the effect of mechanical loading in a total reversed shoulder implant

This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel University.The shoulder joint is a multi-axis synovial ball and socket joint, by having a loose connection it provides a wide degree of freedom; however this means the joint lacks robustness and is prone to damage most commonly from shoulder dislocations. A rotator cuff tear causes major problems in allowing the arm to be lifted beyond a 90˚ abduction position. It is common that this insufficiency aggravates arthritis problems that may have occurred due the rotator cuff tear problem. The study focuses on investigating, describing and quantifying the implant geometric properties to evaluate the joint contact characteristics and use the outcome in redesign the implant. The investigation presents results of finite element analysis on a heavy loading condition on a Verso (reverse) shoulder implant which is validated using experimental data on the same prosthesis. The results are validated within a 5% error margin. A Verso implant is modelled using MIMICS (materialise) and imported into ABAQUS (Simulia, Providence, USA) to analyse the distribution of stress, strain and displacement across the Humerus and Scapula. Details of interaction, boundary conditions, loads and material properties are all obtained from research and applied to the model to portray realistic behaviour. The resulting stress, strain and displacement from this simulation are indicated to show the magnitude and distribution across the entire bone region. This validates the benefits of a Verso implant compared to conventional and long stemmed reverse shoulder implants, as well as provide a basis from which improved designs can be built upon and allow further accurate methods to be developed in analysing shoulder implants effectively

PEMBERDAYAAN SISWA MELALUI PELATIHAN PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CANGKANG BIJI PALA “PARASKU” SEBAGAI LULUR TRADISIONAL DI SMA NEGERI 6 TERNATE

Kelurahan Sulamadaha menjadi salah satu penghasil pala di Maluku Utara. Masyarakat di Kelurahan Sulamadaha belum memanfaatkan limbah cangkang sama sekali (dibuang atau dibakar). Sebagai salah satu upaya pemanfaatan limbah ini dengan memberikan pelatihan pembuatan lulur kecantikan berbahan dasar limbah cangkang biji pala, beras dan kunyit putih. Lulur merupakan salah satu jenis kosmetika tradisonal yang dapat digunakan sebagai perawatan kulit tubuh untuk mempertahankan kesehatan, mencerahkan dan mengangkat sel kulit mati. Cangkang biji buah pala, beras dan kunyit putih dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan dasar dan bahan aktif lulur tradisional karena mengandung senyawa seperti gamma oryzanol dan antioksidan yang berfungsi untuk memperbaharui pembentukan pigmen melanin, mencerahkan, melembabkan kulit dan dapat memudarkan bekas luka pada kulit.  Pelaksanaan kegiatan dilakukan dengan cara penyuluhan dan pelatihan langsung. Tahapan dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan ini terdiri dari observasi, identifikasi masalah, perumusan masalah, kegiatan, dan evaluasi. Kegiatan dievaluasi menggunakan kuesioner pretest dan post test menunjukkan bahwa terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan pada peserta mengenai materi deksripsi produk, manfaat, cara pembuatan, dan cara penggunaan produk lulur

Delayed Paclitaxel-Trastuzumab-Induced Interstitial Pneumonitis in Breast Cancer

Pneumonitis is a rare but serious complication associated with paclitaxel and/or trastuzumab treatment. We report a 51-year-old female patient with locally advanced breast cancer who presented with shortness of breath, fever, dry cough and pulmonary infiltrates. She had been treated without complications for 10 weeks with paclitaxel (Taxol®) and trastuzumab (Herceptin®) as neoadjuvant therapy, with complete clinical and pathological response. Infections and cardiomyopathy were excluded as causes of her symptoms. Bronchoscopy and biopsy were performed and a diagnosis of drug-induced interstitial pneumonitis was made. After treatment with steroids, the patient showed a significant response in less than 24 h; she was discharged home without the need for oxygen less than 48 h after therapy initiation. Although no causative association could be found between either trastuzumab or paclitaxel and this patient's pulmonary syndrome, the potential for such toxicity should be considered, especially as paclitaxel/trastuzumab is a vey common combination therapy for breast cancer

ANASLISIS YURIDIS TERHADAP PUTUSAN PERKARA NO. 26/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Wsb TENTANG BATAS PENGATURAN TANGGUNGJAWAB PIDANA DAN TANGGUNGJAWAB PERDATA TERHADAP TANGGUNGJAWAB BANK MANDIRI DALAM PENYALAHGUNAAN DATA NASABAH BANK

Abstrak Rahasia bank dituangkan dalam peraturan selain menjelaskan sifat hubungan antara nasabah dan bank, juga merupakan bentuk perlindungan hak dari nasabah dengan bank yang dijamin oleh Undang-Undang No. 10 Tahun 1998 perubahan atas Undang-Undang No. 7 Tahun 1992 Tentang Perbankan. Selain itu hak nasabah juga dijamin oleh Peraturan Bank Indonesia No. 16/1/PBI/2014 Tentang Perlindungan Jasa Sistem Pembayaran dan peraturan-peraturan lain yang menyangkut dengan kegiatan perbankan. Permasalahan ini diambil dari putusan perkara No. 26/Pdt.G/2015/PN.Wsb. Skripsi ini menggunakan jenis penelitian yuridis normatif, teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode statute approach dan metode case approach yaitu melalui pendekatan perundang-undangan yang sesuai dengan masalah dan pendekatan kasus yakni kepada putusan perkara no.26/Pdt.G/PN.Wsb. Hasil dari pendekatan tersebut penulis menganalisis dengan menggunakan metode preskriptif. Tujuan penulisan hukum ini adalah (1) Dasar pertimbangan hukum dalam memutuskan menolak gugatan penggugat seluruhnya dengan dasar bahwa gugatan yang diajukan dalam pengadilan dengan perkara pidana dahulu yang berkekuatan hukum tetap. Kemudian penggugat bisa menuntut untuk perkara ganti rugi. (2) Batas pengaturan pertanggungjawaban telah diatur dalam UU perbankan pada Pasal 47 ayat (1) dan peraturan-peraturan lain yang menyangkut dalam kegiatan perbankan dengan sanksi pidana dan denda. Sedangkan batas pengaturan perkara perdata dengan dasar hukum pasal 1320 dan pasal 1365 KUHPerdata yang menyatakan tiap orang yang melakukan perbuatan melawan hukum, dengan merugikan orang lain wajib mengganti kerugian tersebut. Seseorang berhak untuk mengajukan gugatan untuk mempertahankan hak-haknya, akan tetapi dalam perkara aquo gugatan ganti rugi terhadap perbuatan melawan hukum sebagaimana telah diatur dalam pasal 1365 KUHPerdata haruslah melalui perkara pidana dahulu yang memiliki hukum tetap. Kata Kunci : Batas Pengaturan Tanggungjawab, Penyalahgunaan, Data Nasabah, Rahasia Bank Abstract Bank secrets that set forth in regulations besides explaining the nature of the relationship between customers and banks, it is also a form of protection of the rights of customers with bank guaranteed by Law No. 10 of 1998 changes to Law No. 7 of 1992 concerning Banking. In addition, customer rights are also guaranteed by Bank Indonesia Regulation No. 16/1 / PBI / 2014 concerning Protection of Payment System Services and other regulations relating to banking activities. This problem is taken from the case number No. 26 / Pdt.G / 2015 / PN.Wsb. This research method is normative law research, the research with the techniques of method statute approach and method case approach namely through a legal approach in accordance with the problem and approach to the case for case decisions no.26 / Pdt.G / PN.Wsb. The results of this approach the authors analyzed using prescriptive methods. The purpose of writing this law is (1) The basis of law considerations in deciding to reject the plaintiffs claim entirely on the grounds that the claim filed in the court with a criminal case has permanent law force. Then the plaintiff can sue for compensation. (2) The limits of accountability arrangements have been stipulated in the banking law in Article 47 paragraph (1) and other regulations relating to banking activities with criminal sanctions and fines. While the boundary of the civil case arrangement with the law basis of article 1320 and article 1365 of the Civil Code states that every person who commits an offense, at the expense of another person is obliged to compensate for the loss. Someone has the right to file a lawsuit to defend his rights. Keywords: Responsibility Setting Limits, Abuse, Customer Data, Bank Secret

PERBANDINGAN PEMBERIAN PISANG AMBON (MUSA PARADISIACA) DENGAN UBI JALAR KUNING (IPOMEA BATATAS (LAMB)) SETELAH MELAKUKAN JOGING 30 MENIT TERHADAP PERUBAHAN KADAR GLUKOSA DARAH PADA ATLET TAEKWONDO UNIVERSITAS NEGERI JAKARTA

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar perbandingan antara pemberian pisang dengan ubi setelah jogging 30 menit terhadap perubahan kadar glukosa darah pada atlet taekwondo Universitas Negeri Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama dua hari yaitu, pada tanggal 24 Mei 2017 dan 25 Mei 2017 bertempat di lapangan jogging Velodrome Jakarta Timur. Metode penelitian yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen “Two Group Pre-test and Post�test Design”. Pengambilan teknik sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Total Sampling, sampling yang berjumlah 20 orang dan jumlah populasi 20 orang serta teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji t-independen. Teknik pengolahan data yang digunakan adalah teknik statistik dengan uji-t pada taraf signifikan α = 0,05. Teknik olah data yang digunakan adalah tingkat kepercayaan 5%. Perhitungan tes akhir perubahan kadar glukosa pada pemberian pisang dan ubi diperoleh standar eror dan mean (SE mxmy)= 2.21 serta diperoleh t-hitung = 4.523. Selanjutnya hasil perhitungan tersebut diujikan dengan nilai t-tabel dengan derajat kebebasan (dk) n1+n2 – 2 = 10+10-2 = 18 pada taraf kepercayaan α = 0,05 adalah 2.101 (t-hitung = 4.523 > t-tabel = 2.101). Kesimpulan akhir yang diperoleh melalui penelitian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara pemberian pisang setelah joging 30 menit dan pemberian ubi setelah joging 30 menit teerhadap perubahan kadar glukosa darah dimana kelompok sampel yang diberikan pisang lebih efektif meningkatkan kadar glukosa yaitu sebanyak 10 mg/dl dibandingkan dengan pemberian ubi setelah jogging 30 menit dengan jumlah perbandingan yang sama. This study aims to determine how much of a comparison between the administration banana with parsnip after 30 minutes jogging to changes in blood glucose levels in taekwondo athlete Jakarta State University. This research was conducted for two days, ie, on May 24, 2017 and May 25, 2017 held in East Jakarta Velodrome jogging field. The research method used in this research is the experimental method "Two Group Pre�test and Post-test Design". Sampling technique samples in this study is Total Sampling, sampling of 20 people and the population of 20 people and data analysis techniques used are t-independent test. Data processing technique used is a statistical technique with t-test at a significant level α = 0.05. Technique if data used is level of trust 5%. Calculation of the final test glucose levels change in the delivery of bananas and yams obtained and the mean standard error (SE mxmy) = 2:21 and obtained t count = 4,523. Then the result of the calculation is tested with t�table value with degrees of freedom (dk) n1 + n2 - 2 = 10 + 10-2 = 18 at the level of trust α = 0.05 is 2.101 (t-count = 4.523> t-table = 2.101). Bottom line is obtained from this research that the sample group was given a banana more effective in improving glucose level that is as much as 10 mg / dl compared to the administration of potatoes after jogging 30 minutes with the same comparison

ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS PLEIOTROPIK ANTIINFLAMASI SIMVASTATIN PADA TIKUS PUTIH (RATTUS NORVEGICUS)

HMG-CoA reductase merupakan enzim yang dapat memetabolisme kolesterol. Tahapan dalam biosintesis kolesterol yaitu sintesis asam mevalonat dari acetil-CoA, pembentukan isoprenoid, pembentukan skualen dan sintesis kolesterol. Simvastatin dikenal sebagai HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (3-hydroxy-3methylglutary co-enzym A), menyebabkan pengurangan tidak hanya kolestrol tetapi juga berbagai metabolit antara yaitu pembentukan isoprenoid yang merupakan kunci dalam sinyal seluler dan pengendalian fungsi sel. Hambatan isoprenoid ini dapat menurunkan aktivasi Nf-kB melalui jalur Rho/ROCK dari isoprenoid antara jalur biosintesis kolesterol yang merupakan respon seluler pembentuk sitokin pro inflamasi. Hal tersebut yang membuat Simvastatin dapat bekerja pada non lipid dependent effect yaitu efek pleiotropik sebagai antiinflamasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisa efek pleiotropik Simvastatin sebagai antiinflamasi pada tikus putih. Desain penelitian yaitu penelitian experimental post test only control desaign dengan menggunakan lima kelompok uji yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, dan kelompok perlakuan yang terbagi menjadi tiga dosis perlakuan pada masing-masing obat. Efektivitas antiinflamasi dilakukan dengan metode induksi karagenan 1% intraplantar yang dilihat efek inhibisi inflamasinya selama 9 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persen inhibisi inflamasi pada simvastatin dosis 1,8mg/KgBB; dosis 3,6mg/KgBB; dosis 7,2mg/kgBB yaitu 79,92%; 89,05% dan 79,92%. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor simvastatin memiliki efek pleiotropik antiinflamasi pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang signifikan (p=0,019)

Thermal Analysis of Unglazed Transpired Solar Collectors

Unglazed transpired solar collectors (UTSCs) preheat makeup ventilation air for buildings, thereby reducing energy used for heating. The performance of the UTSC is dependent on the heat loss from the absorber plate, which is strongly affected by the wind speed. To date, correlations to determine UTSC heat loss are limited to flat or sinusoidal plate corrugations. In reality, trapezoidal corrugations have been added to UTSCs to provide them with structural stiffness. These corrugations prevent the attachment of the flow to the absorber plate and cause flow separation which increases the heat loss. In this study, a numerical simulation of a UTSC with trapezoidal shape corrugation has been performed to investigate the heat loss in the developing region due to wind on the UTSCs. It has been found that heat loss from new configuration is up to three times greater than the heat loss from a perforated flat absorber plate. A correlation of heat loss due to the wind speed and suction velocity was developed. This study also includes an evaluation of the effectiveness in the asymptotic region. In this case, wind speed had no effect. A correlation was derived in terms of suction velocity

Experimental Investigation of the Flow Dynamics in a Model of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

An Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular disease affecting seniors. It is described by an inflation of the aorta in the abdominal regions. The specific reason for this disease is not clear.Rupture of AAAs leads to death and current surgical interventions are risky and require frequent follow-up AAAs are usually associated with an Intraluminal Thrombus, which prevents blood from conveying oxygen and nutrition to the AAA walls. Formation of thrombosis are strongly affected by hemodynamics, and especially blood stasis. It has been founded that blood stasis can be triggered by a reduction of flow rate such as that during sleeping or in people who suffer from lower limb amputation. This change has been evaluated experimentally by time-resolved Particle Image Velocimetry. A compliant AAA model that has an aortic arch, renal arterirs, and an iliac bifurcation was designed and tested under normal and low flow conditions in terms of velocity behavior, residence time of particles inside the AAA, and shear history of particles during their movement. Proper orthogonal decomposition and Dynamic mode decomposition have been applied to the flow in both planes to reveal the hidden dynamics and the coherent structures of the flow behavior inside the AAA. The flow inside an AAA is mainly described by the jet penetrating the AAA with a large recirculation zone in the lumen. The velocity snapshots do not show a major difference between the two cases. Hidden dynamical structures were revealed by proper orthogonal decomposition and dynamic mode decomposition. Most of the small-scale dynamics occur near the entrance of the AAA. Vortical structures have been found to play a beneficial role in preventing thrombus formation. This study recommends focusing on the low flow conditions and developing a method that can promote blood flow mixing in patients with an AAA. The current study is the first study to evaluate the time-resolved behavior of the fluid flow inside AAAs and to decompose it into dynamical modes

UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Method Validation of Cefixime in Phosphate Buffer

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode baru untuk mengukur sefiksim dalam buffer fosfat 0,05 M. Pengujian dilakukan dengan menggunakan spektrofotometri UV-Vis Genesys 10S. Akurasi, presisi, LOD & LOQ, linearitas, dan ketahanan metode ini divalidasi. Panjang gelombang sefiksim ditemukan pada 288 nm dengan konsentrasi larutan standar kerja 4-20 g/mL. Hasil validasi menunjukkan koefisien regresi sebesar 0,9981; % RSD akurasi, presisi, dan ketahanan di bawah 2%; LOD 0,843 g/mL; dan LOQ 2.555 g/mL. Kesimpulannya, metode yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini akurat, teliti, dan dapat diandalkan. Metode ini divalidasi sesuai pedoman ICH Q2 (R1) untuk akurasi, presisi, batas deteksi, batas kuantisasi, linieritas, dan ketahanan. Kata kunci : Cefixime; Penyangga fosfat; Validasi metode; UV-Vis Spectrophotometric. ABSTRACTThis study aim to develop a new method for measuring cefixime in 0.05 M phosphate buffer. The assay was performed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry Genesys 10S. The accuracy, precision, LOD & LOQ, linearity, and robustness of this method were validated. The wavelength of cefixime was found at 288 nm with a working standard solution concentration of 4-20 μg/mL. The validation results show a regression coefficient of 0.9981; % RSD of accuracy, precision, and robustness are below 2%; LOD 0.843 μg/mL; and LOQ 2,555 μg/mL. In conclusion, the method developed in this study is accurate, thorough, and reliable. The method was validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guideline for accuracy, precision, detection limit, quantitation limit, linearity, and robustness. Keywords : Cefixime; Phosphate Buffer; Method Validation; UV-Vis Spectrophotometric.