The Role of Teaching Using the Strategy of Brainstorming in the Development of Life Skills in the Tenth Grade Students from the Point of View of Teachers

The study aimed to identify the role of teaching using the strategy of brainstorming in the development of life skills in the tenth grade students from the point of view of teachers, the researcher used descriptive analytical approach to achievethe objectives of the study ?The study sample consisted of (200) male and female teachers selected randomly. The researcher used the questionnaire as a tool for study, which consisted of (45) paragraphs divided into four areas (decision making skill, interpersonal skills, time management skill and stress management skills)The results showed that the ability to communicate with others came first, followed by decision-making skill, then time management skill, and in the last rank the skill of dealing with stress. The researcher recommended the use of modern teaching strategies in teaching and getting away As much as possible about the method of indoctrination. Keywords: brainstorming strategy, life skills

Degree of Competency in Practicing Basic Education for Kindergarten Teachers from the Point of View of the Teachers Themselves

The study aimed to identify the degree of practicing the basic educational competencies of kindergarten teachers from the point of view of the teachers themselves. The study sample consisted of 125 randomly selected teachers. The researcher used the questionnaire as a tool of study consisting of 50 paragraphs divided into five areas (personal competencies, competencies for the management of the classroom and interaction with children, competencies of teaching skills, educational competencies for human relations, and the field of professional growth). After the statistical analysis was performed, the study reached the following results: There were statistically significant differences at 0.05 between the bachelor degree on the one hand and the diploma and postgraduate studies on the other hand. The differences were in favor of Bachelor of personal competencies. Also, there is the existence of statistical significant difference ( 0.05 ) between 10 years and more and 5-10 years. This difference is based on the benefit of 10 years and more educational competencies for the field of human relations. The researcher recommended that training courses should be organized as this would contribute to increasing the efficiency and skills of kindergarten teachers

Obstacles to the Use of Modern Teaching Methods in the First Three Grades from the Point of View of Teachers

The study aimed to identify obstacles to the use of modern teaching methods in the three grades from the point of view of teachers, The sample of the study consisted of (120) teachers of the first three grades were chosen randomly, and to achieve the purposes of the study was used descriptive analytical method, The results indicated that the school administration and its system ranked first in the obstacles, while the obstacles related to the methodology in the last rank, and the existence of differences of statistical significance between the category of experience less than 5 years related to the student followed by the management and system, In light of this, the two researchers recommend the need to provide material and moral support to school principals in order to activate their role in the educational process and to provide appropriate ways to use modern teaching strategies Keywords: Modern teaching methods, the first three grades

استراتيجيات التخفيف من الاخطار الزلازالية للمناطق الحضرية : حالة دراسية مدينة غزة

Earthquakes expected to occur in Palestine and near region countries, based on studies conducted in the region countries are no more than 6 degrees or 7 degrees on the Richter scale, if its center is north or South of the Dead Sea. This strength general class is classified as moderate or relatively strong. This research work introduces an approach for assessment of existing buildings in Gaza city against seismic hazards. The proposed approach is simple, straightforward and based on studies that deal with seismic requirements for Gaza city building in terms of resisting expected seismic action. There are several factors affecting the overall vulnerability of a structure in addition to its construction type. These factors are generally applicable to all types of structures. three full area, from Gaza city were investigated by their site conditions, regularity, configuration, structural and architectural elements of buildings, number of floors, main street width, importance of building, use of building, situation of enters of building, situation of building, finishing material, horizontal irregulars, vertical irregulars, soft story, short column, cantilever, concentration of stress due to complex plans, thin building, building design to resistance earthquake, type of foundation soil adjacency and etc. The collected data and it`s analysis were conducted according to European Macro seismic scale 1998 (EMS). The results of applying the approach show a relation between seismic vulnerability of existing buildings and damage degree. Assigned vulnerability classes show that 64% of total buildings are categorized as class (C) and about 23% of class (D), which reflects high seismic vulnerability of existing building in Gaza city. The proposed approach has been verified using the detailed evolution methods and showed convergence in the results. Several scenarios have been prepared for the expected damage based on earthquake damages defined in EMS-98. The results are expected to shed the light on the importance of carrying out similar studies on public buildings as well as essential facilities in Gaza city

A Case of Adenocarcinoma in situ of the Distal Common Bile Duct Diagnosed by Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangioscopy

Extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is often clinically challenging to diagnose. Even multidisciplinary approaches which include computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and endoscopic retrograde cholangiography are unsatisfactory in some cases, especially with biliary stricture. Percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy (PTCS) with its direct visualization for biopsy appears to be a promising technique for detecting cholangiocarcinoma at an early stage. We report a case of adenocarcinoma in situ of the distal common bile duct (CBD) that was confirmed by PTCS. This case suggests the useful role of PTCS in the differential diagnosis of a distal CBD obstruction, particularly when other diagnostic modalities do not provide definitive information

Early precut fistulotomy for biliary access: time to change the paradigm of "the later, the better?"

The precut timing during the biliary cannulation algorithm is a subject of controversy. Some studies suggest that early institution of precut is a safe and effective strategy even though the extent to which this approach may affect the duration of the ERCP is seldom addressed. OBJECTIVE: To assess the success, safety, and procedure duration of an early precut fistulotomy (group A) versus a classic precut strategy after a difficult biliary cannulation (group B). DESIGN: Single-center, prospective cohort study. SETTING: University-affiliated hospital. PATIENTS: A total of 350 patients with a naïve papilla. INTERVENTIONS: Standard biliary cannulation followed by needle-knife fistulotomy (NKF). MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS: Biliary cannulation rate, NKF success, adverse events, and ERCP duration. RESULTS: The overall cannulation rate was similar, at 96% and 94% for groups A and B, respectively. The adverse event rate was 6.2% and 6.4%, respectively, with pancreatitis as the most frequent adverse event (group A, 3.9%; group B, 5.2%). The mean ERCP duration was, however, significantly shorter in group A, both when biliary cannulation was achieved without precutting (14 minutes vs 25 minutes, P < .001) as well as when biliary cannulation was attempted after NKF (18 minutes vs 31 minutes, P < .0001). LIMITATIONS: Single-center study design, referral center. CONCLUSIONS: If the endoscopist is experienced in ERCP and precut techniques, an early precut strategy should be the preferred cannulation strategy because this approach is as safe and effective as the late fistulotomy approach and substantially reduces ERCP duration

Performance evaluation of novel fluorescent-based lateral immune flow assay (LIFA) for rapid detection and quantification of total anti-SARS-CoV-2 S-RBD binding antibodies in infected individuals.

The vast majority of the commercially available LFIA is used to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies qualitatively. Recently, a novel fluorescence-based LIFA test was developed for quantitative measurement of the total binding antibody units (BAU/mL) against the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S-RBD). To evaluate the performance of the fluorescence LIFA Finecare 2019-nCoV S-RBD test along with its reader (Model No.: FS-113). Plasma from 150 RT-PCR confirmed-positive individuals and 100 pre-pandemic samples were tested by FinCare to access sensitivity and specificity. For qualitative and quantitative validation of the FinCar measurements, the BAU/mL results of FinCare were compared with results of two reference assays: the surrogate virus-neutralizing test (sVNT, GenScript, USA), and the VIDAS®3 automated assay (BioMérieux, France). Finecare showed 92% sensitivity and 100% specificity compared to PCR. Cohen's Kappa statistic denoted moderate and excellent agreement with sVNT and VIDAS®3, ranging from 0.557 (95% CI: 0.32-0.78) to 0.731 (95% CI: 0.51-0.95), respectively. A strong correlation was observed between Finecare/sVNT (r=0.7, p<0.0001) and Finecare/VIDAS®3 (r=0.8, p<0.0001). Finecare is a reliable assay and can be used as a surrogate to assess binding and neutralizing antibody response post-infection or vaccination, particularly in none or small laboratory settings

Childhood Lead Exposure in the Palestinian Authority, Israel, and Jordan: Results from the Middle Eastern Regional Cooperation Project, 1996–2000

In the Middle East, the major sources of lead exposure have been leaded gasoline, lead-contaminated flour from traditional stone mills, focal exposures from small battery plants and smelters, and kohl (blue color) in cosmetics. In 1998–2000, we measured blood lead (PbB) levels in children 2–6 years of age in Israel, Jordan, and the Palestinian Authority (n = 1478), using a fingerstick method. Mean (peak; percentage > 10 μg/dL) PbB levels in Israel (n = 317), the West Bank (n = 344), Jordan (n = 382), and Gaza (n = 435) were 3.2 μg/dL (18.2; 2.2%), 4.2 μg/dL (25.7; 5.2%), 3.2 μg/dL (39.3; < 1%), and 8.6 μg/dL (> 80.0; 17.2%), respectively. High levels in Gaza were all among children living near a battery factory. The findings, taken together with data on time trends in lead emissions and in PbB in children in previous years, indicate the benefits from phasing out of leaded gasoline but state the case for further reductions and investigation of hot spots. The project demonstrated the benefits of regional cooperation in planning and carrying out a jointly designed project

Low risk of serological cross-reactivity between the dengue virus and SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies using advanced detection assays.

Several studies have reported serological cross-reactivity of the immune responses between SARS-CoV-2 and DENV. Most of the available studies are based on the point of care (POC) rapid testing kits. However, some rapid test kits have low specificity and can generate false positives. Hence, we aimed to investigate the potential serological cross-reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 and DENV IgG antibodies using advanced assays including chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) and ELISA test. A total of 90 DENV-IgG-ELISA positive and 90 negative pre-pandemic sera were tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2-IgG using the automated CL-900i CLIA assay. Furthermore, a total of 91 SARS-CoV-2-IgG-CLIA positive and 91 negative post-pandemic sera were tested for anti-DENV-IgG using the Novalisa ELISA assay. The DENV-IgG positive sera resulted in five positives and 85 negatives for SARS-CoV-2-IgG. Similarly, the DENV-IgG negative sera also resulted in five positives and 85 negatives for SARS-CoV-2-IgG. No statistically significant difference in specificity between the DENV-IgG positive and DENV-IgG negative sera was found (p-value=1.00). The SARS-CoV-2-IgG positive sera displayed 43 positives, 47 negatives, and one equivocal for DENV-IgG. Whereas the SARS-CoV-2-IgG negative sera resulted in 50 positives, 40 negatives, and one equivocal for DENV-IgG. No statistically significant difference in the proportion that is DENV-IgG positive between the SARS-CoV-2-IgG positive and SARS-CoV-2-IgG negative sera (p-value=0.58). In conclusion, there is a low risk of serological cross-reactivity between the DENV, and SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies when using advanced detection assays.  .L.J.A. acknowledges the support of the Biomedical Research Program and the Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Biomathematics Research Core, both at Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar. This work was made possible by Grant Nos. RRC-2-032 and UREP19-013-3-001 from the Qatar National Research Fund (a member of Qatar Foundation). The statements made herein are solely the responsibility of the authors. In addition, G.K.N. would also like to acknowledge funds from Qatar University’s internal Grant QUERG-CMED-2020-2

Assessment of Indoor Air Quality of Four Primary Health Care Centers in Qatar.

Airborne bacteria pose a potential risk to human health upon inhalation in the indoor environments of health care facilities. Airborne bacteria may originate from various sources, including patients, workers, and daily visitors. Hence, this study investigates the quantity, size, and identification of airborne bacteria indoors and outdoors of four Primary Health Care Centers (PHCC) in Doha, Qatar. Air samples were collected from the lobby, triage room, and outside environment of the centers, including, Qatar University (QU-HC), Al-Rayyan (AR-HC), Umm-Ghuwailina (UG-HC), and Old Airport (OA-HC) between August 2020 and March 2021, throughout both the hot and the cold seasons. Samples were collected using an Anderson six-stage cascade impactor. The mean of the total colony-forming units was calculated per cubic meter of air (CFU/m). QU-HC had the lowest mean of total bacterial count compared with other centers in the indoor and outdoor areas with 100.4 and 99.6 CFU/m, respectively. In contrast, AR-HC had the highest level, with 459 CFU/m indoors, while OA-HC recorded the highest bacterial concentration of the outdoor areas with a total mean 377 CFU/m. In addition, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed for genera identification. , , , and were the four most frequently identified bacterial genera in this study. The abundance of airborne bacteria in the four health centers was higher in the cold season. About 46% of the total airborne bacterial count for three PHCC centers exceeded 300 CFU/m, making them uncompliant with the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommendation for indoor settings. Consequently, an IAQ standards should be shaped to establish a baseline for measuring air pollution in Qatar. Additionally, it is crucial to understand seasonal fluctuations better so that hospitals can avoid rising and spreading infection peaks.This research was funded partially by Primary Health Care Corporation, grant number PHCC/RC/18/06/002