205 research outputs found
Polarized far-infrared and Raman spectra of SrCuO2 single crystals
We measured polarized far-infrared reflectivity and Raman scattering spectra
of SrCuO single crystals. The frequencies for infrared-active modes were
determined using an oscillator-fitting procedure of reflectivity data. The
Raman spectra were measured at different temperatures using several laser
energies . In addition to eight of twelve Raman active modes,
predicted by factor-group analysis, we observed a complex structure in the
Raman spectra for polarization parallel to the {\bf c}-axis, which consists of
Raman-allowed A symmetry modes, and B LO infrared-active
(Raman-forbidden) modes of the first and higher order as well as their
combinations. The Raman-forbidden modes have a stronger intensity at higher
than the Raman-allowed ones. In order to explain this resonance
effect, we measured the dielectric function and optical reflection spectra of
SrCuO in the visible range. We show that the Raman-allowed A symmetry
modes are resonantly enhanced when a laser energy is close to , while
Raman-forbidden (IR-active) modes resonate strongly for laser line energies
close to the electronic transition of higher energy gaps.Comment: to be published in Physica
Raman and infrared studies of La_1-ySr_yMn_1-xM_xO_3 (M=Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Sc or Ga): Oxygen disorder and local vibrational modes
We present results of our study of polarized Raman scattering and infrared
reflectivity of rhombohedral ceramic La_1-ySr_yMn_1-xM_xO_3 manganites in the
temperature range between 77 and 320K. In our samples, a part of the Mn atoms
is substituted by M = Cr, Co, Cu, Zn, Sc, or Ga with x in the range 0 -- 0.1.
The hole concentration was kept at the optimal value of about 32% by tuning the
Sr content y. We have monitored the distortions of the oxygen sublattice by the
presence of broad bands in the Raman spectra, the increase of d.c. resistivity
extracted from the infrared reflectivity, and the change of the critical
temperature of the ferromagnetic transition. Our results support the idea, that
these properties are mainly determined by the radius of the substituent ion,
its electronic and magnetic structure playing only a minor role. Furthermore,
the Raman spectra exhibit an additional A_g-like high frequency mode attributed
to the local breathing vibration of oxygens surrounding the substituent ion.
Its frequency and intensity strongly depend on the type of the substituent. In
the Co-substituted sample, the mode anomalously softens when going from 300 to
77K. The frequency of the bulk A_{1g} mode depends linearly on the angle of the
rhombohedral distortion.Comment: 11 pages, 11 Figures, best-fit values table added, a discussion adde
Determinative Role of the Jahn-Teller Disorder in the Raman Scattering of Mixed-Valence Manganites
The mixed-valence perovskitelike manganites are characterized by unique
interrelation of Jahn-Teller distortions, electric and magnetic properties. The
Jahn-Teller distortion follows the Mn(3+)->Mn(4+) charge transfer with some
delay. Its development depends on the lifetime of Mn in (3+) state, governed by
the Mn(4+)/Mn(3+) ratio and magnetic correlation. The non-coherence of
Jahn-Teller distortions in orthorhombic mixed-valence manganites and
rhombohedral RMnO3 (R = rare earth) results in oxygen disorder. We demonstrate
that the Raman spectra in this case are dominated by disorder-induced bands
reflecting the oxygen partial phonon density of states (PDOS). The PDOS origin
of the main Raman bands in insulating phases of such compounds is evidenced by
the similar lineshape of experimental spectra and calculated smeared PDOS and
disappearance of the PDOS bands in ordered ferromagnetic metallic phase.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure
Neutrophil - Lymphocyte Ratio as a Reliable Predictor of Postoperative Outcome And Mortality In Delayed Cases Of Peripheral Arterial Embolism
Introduction: Peripheral arterial embolism (PAE) continues to pose a challenge to vascular surgeons and remains to be characterized by high morbidity, limb threat and mortality, often requiring urgent revascularization. Contemporary untreated arterial embolism is among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality within the vascular field. Detection of a fast and reliable biomarker for risk stratification and early post-treatment prognosis is important for those with PAE, so that individuals at high risk can be accurately treated and targeted for prevention.
Complete blood count is inexpensive, comparatively routine, and is a practical laboratory test that gives important information about the patient’s formed blood contents. Routine peripheral blood counts may be useful in diagnosis and prognosis of many disorders, including peripheral vascular ischemic incidents. Neutrophil - lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to be an independent predictor of early and midterm amputation in patients with acute limb ischemia after revascularisation.
Methods: Data was collected retrospectively from hospitalised patients, in the Vascular Surgery Clinic of University Hospital, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, who had a diagnosis of PAE, from January 2010 to January 2019. Inclusion criteria were clinical data of an ischemic embolic incident of the limbs, untreated at least 12 hours from the onset of symptoms.
Results: A single cutoff point was chosen to better inform clinical practice at a value of NLR 4.55, to maximize sensitivity and
specificity. The majority of patients from the group Who had a NLR under 4.55 had mild symptoms. Older patients however, were significantly more likely to have an elevated NLR. The incidence of diabetes and hypertension were not significantly higher in any group. There was a higher incidence of primary major amputations in the elevated NLR group. Of the 25 deaths during the course of the study, which were specifically attributed to cardiac causes, twelve (13.8%) occurred within the elevated NLR group and thirteen (8.7%) in the low NLR group.
Conclusion: NLR is an easily accessible biomarker that conveys important information about the patient’s inflammatory activity and can be easily calculated from the differential WBC count, which is routinely performed on admission and is universally available.
An elevated NLR could potentially be included in addition to the most common risk factors for mortality and poor post-treatment outcome including cardiac causes, age >70 years, history of stroke or previous MI, renal failure, and smoking history (at any time)
Comparative Raman Studies of Sr2RuO4, Sr3Ru2O7 and Sr4Ru3O10
The polarized Raman spectra of layered ruthenates of the Srn+1RunO3n+1
(n=1,2,3) Ruddlesden-Popper series were measured between 10 and 300 K. The
phonon spectra of Sr3Ru2O7 and Sr4Ru3O10 confirmed earlier reports for
correlated rotations of neighboring RuO6 octahedra within double or triple
perovskite blocks. The observed Raman lines of Ag or B1g symmetry were assigned
to particular atomic vibrations by considering the Raman modes in simplified
structures with only one double or triple RuO6 layer per unit cell and by
comparison to the predictions of lattice dynamical calculations for the real
Pban and Pbam structures. Along with discrete phonon lines, a continuum
scattering, presumably of electronic origin, is present in the zz, xx and xy,
but not in the x'y' and zx spectra. Its interference with phonons results in
Fano shape for some of the lines in the xx and xy spectra. The temperature
dependencies of phonon parameters of Sr3Ru2O7 exhibit no anomaly between 10 and
300 K where no magnetic transition occurs. In contrast, two B1g lines in the
spectra of Sr4Ru3O10, corresponding to oxygen vibrations modulating the Ru-O-Ru
bond angle, show noticeable hardening with ferromagnetic ordering at 105 K,
thus indicating strong spin-phonon interaction.Comment: 9 pages, 12 figure
Short-Range B-site Ordering in Inverse Spinel Ferrite NiFe2O4
The Raman spectra of single crystals of NiFe2O4 were studied in various
scattering configurations in close comparison with the corresponding spectra of
Ni0.7Zn0.3Fe2O4 and Fe3O4. The number of experimentally observed Raman modes
exceeds significantly that expected for a normal spinel structure and the
polarization properties of most of the Raman lines provide evidence for a
microscopic symmetry lower than that given by the Fd-3m space group. We argue
that the experimental results can be explained by considering the short range
1:1 ordering of Ni2+ and Fe3+ at the B-sites of inverse spinel structure, most
probably of tetragonal P4_122/P4_322 symmetry.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 6 table
Zeolite based carbon-free gas diffusion electrodes for secondary metal-air batteries
In recent years, secondary metal air batteries have received considerable attention as promising technology for energy storage in combination with renewable energy sources.
The oxidation of carbon in conventional gas-diffusion electrodes reduces the life of the secondary metal-air batteries. Replacement of the carbon-based material with zeolite is a possible solution for overcoming this problem which is the aim of this work. Zeolite is a
natural or synthetic porous material which provides the necessary gas permeability. The required hydrophobicity of the electrodes is ensured by mixing the zeolite with an appropriate amount of polytetrafluoroethylene following a specially developed procedure. The
experiments are performed in a home designed test cell which ensures measurements in both half-cell and full cell configuration. In this study the testing is carried out in 3-electrode homemade half-cell configuration with hydrogen reference electrode. The cell was
subjected to cycling at charge/discharge current ±2 mA cm-2
respectively. The obtained results show that the replacement of carbon with zeolite in the gas diffusion layer is a promising direction for optimization of the gas diffusion electrode
Investigation of Ni- and Co-Based Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Carbon-Free Air Electrodes Designed for Zinc-Air Batteries
Ni- and Co-oxide materials have promising electrocatalytic properties towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), and attract with low cost, availability, and environmental friendliness. The stability of these materials in alkaline media has made them the most studied candidates for practical applications such as a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) for rechargeable metal-air batteries. In this work, we propose a novel concept for a carbon-free gas GDE design. A mixture of catalyst (Co3O4, NiCo2O4) and polytetrafluoroethylene was hot pressed onto a stainless-steel mesh as the current collector. To enhance the electrical conductivity and, thus, increase ORR performances, up to 70 wt.% Ni powder was included. The GDEs produced in this way were examined in a half-cell configuration with a 6 M KOH electrolyte, stainless steel counter electrode, and hydrogen reference electrode at room temperature. Electrochemical tests were performed and coupled with microstructural observations to evaluate the properties of the present oxygen electrodes in terms of their bifunctionality and stability enhancement. The electrochemical behavior of the new types of gas-diffusion electrodes, Ni/Co3O4 and Ni/NiCo2O4, shows acceptable overpotentials for OER and ORR. Better mechanical and chemical stability of electrodes consisting of Ni/NiCo2O4 (70:30 wt.%) was registered. Doi: 10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-03-023 Full Text: PD
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