Torah from the Years of Wrath 1939-1943: The Historical Context of the Aish Kodesh

Discovered in the rubble of the Warsaw Ghetto, Rabbi Kalonymus Kalmish Shapira\u27s wartime writings exemplify the faith of Hasidic Jewry under the unimaginable conditions of the Nazi occupation. Published in 1960 under the Hebrew title Aish Kodesh, the notes of Rabbi Shapira\u27s weekly Sabbath sermons and annotations have been studied by pious Hasidim and secular academics alike, seeking his answers to the searing theological questions posed by the war. Why do the righteous suffer? Where was God during the Holocaust? Torah from the Years of Wrath provides a new and essential scholarly contribution by placing Rabbi Shapira\u27s writings in their immediate historical context. Using a wide variety of primary sources in Yiddish, Hebrew, Polish and German, Abramson situates the sermons within the daily experience of Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto, demonstrating that Rabbi Shapira\u27s often enigmatic discourses contained veiled messages-opaque to later readers, but readily understood by his congregants at the time-that related directly to the traumatic events endured by his Hasidim. Abramson\u27s reconstruction of the micro-history of the Ghetto reveals that Rabbi Shapira\u27s work represents a sustained act of spiritual heroism, helping his followers place their individual tragedies within the cosmic meta-history of the Jewish people, as expressed in the Torah itself.https://touroscholar.touro.edu/lcas_books/1004/thumbnail.jp

The Sea of Talmud: A Brief and Personal Introduction

Scholarly yet readable, The Sea of Talmud combines basic, authoritative information on the Talmud with the author’s unique and personal journey to traditional Judaism. Tracing the history of the Talmud from its origins in ancient Israel and Babylon to Internet-based texts, Dr. Abramson describes the excitement and thrill of studying Talmud from an insider’s perspective.https://touroscholar.touro.edu/lcas_books/1003/thumbnail.jp

Reading the Talmud: Developing Independence in Gemara Learning

Reading the Talmud is a textbook designed for students who want to move beyond translations to learning the Talmud on their own. This book presents a proven, “no shortcuts” approach based on the traditional Yeshiva model. If you have enough Hebrew skills to work out a Biblical verse, and a healthy determination to toil in the Talmud, this book will help you develop independence in Gemara learning. This is the second edition of this book.https://touroscholar.touro.edu/lcas_books/1002/thumbnail.jp

The Kabbalah of Forgiveness

The Kabbalah of Forgiveness is a translation of the first chapter of Rabbi Moshe Cordovero’s classic work Date Palm of Devorah (Tomer Devorah) with a commentary by Dr. Henry Abramson. Emerging from the 16th-century Safed Circle of Jewish mystics, this book earned a rare exception to the centuries-old ban on the study of Kabbalah by students under 40 because of its profound ethical value.https://touroscholar.touro.edu/lcas_books/1001/thumbnail.jp

Maimonides on Teshuvah: The Ways of Repentance

Teshuvah: from the Hebrew root “to return” and often translated as “repentance,” teshuvah represents an answer to spiritual or intellectual challenge, just as a question requires a response and a home awaits a return. Maimonides on Teshuvah is a translation and commentary on The Ways of Repentance, the first comprehensive study of teshuvah in Jewish literary history. This is the fifth edition of this work.https://touroscholar.touro.edu/lcas_books/1000/thumbnail.jp

Inferences on the Timeline of Reionization at z~8 From the KMOS Lens-Amplified Spectroscopic Survey

Detections and non-detections of Lyman alpha (Ly$\alpha$) emission from $z>6$ galaxies ($<1$ Gyr after the Big Bang) can be used to measure the timeline of cosmic reionization. Of key interest to measuring reionization's mid-stages, but also increasing observational challenge, are observations at z > 7, where Ly$\alpha$ redshifts to near infra-red wavelengths. Here we present a search for z > 7.2 Ly$\alpha$ emission in 53 intrinsically faint Lyman Break Galaxy candidates, gravitationally lensed by massive galaxy clusters, in the KMOS Lens-Amplified Spectroscopic Survey (KLASS). With integration times of ~7-10 hours, we detect no Ly$\alpha$ emission with S/N>5 in our sample. We determine our observations to be 80% complete for 5$\sigma$ spatially and spectrally unresolved emission lines with integrated line flux $>5.7\times10^{-18}$ erg s$^{-1}$ cm$^{-2}$. We define a photometrically selected sub-sample of 29 targets at $z=7.9\pm0.6$, with a median 5$\sigma$ Ly$\alpha$ EW limit of 58A. We perform a Bayesian inference of the average intergalactic medium (IGM) neutral hydrogen fraction using their spectra. Our inference accounts for the wavelength sensitivity and incomplete redshift coverage of our observations, and the photometric redshift probability distribution of each target. These observations, combined with samples from the literature, enable us to place a lower limit on the average IGM neutral hydrogen fraction of $> 0.76 \; (68\%), \; > 0.46 \; (95\%)$ at z ~ 8, providing further evidence of rapid reionization at z~6-8. We show that this is consistent with reionization history models extending the galaxy luminosity function to $M_\textrm{UV} \lesssim -12$, with low ionizing photon escape fractions, $f_\textrm{esc} \lesssim 15\%$.Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRA

The Grism Lens-Amplified Survey from Space (GLASS) X. Sub-kpc resolution gas-phase metallicity maps at cosmic noon behind the Hubble Frontier Fields cluster MACS1149.6+2223

(Abridged) We combine deep HST grism spectroscopy with a new Bayesian method to derive maps of gas-phase metallicity, nebular dust extinction, and star-formation rate for 10 star-forming galaxies at high redshift ($1.2<z<2.3$). Exploiting lensing magnification by the foreground cluster MACS1149.6+2223, we reach sub-kpc spatial resolution and push the stellar mass limit associated with such high-z spatially resolved measurements below $10^8M_\odot$ for the first time. Our maps exhibit diverse morphologies, indicative of various effects such as efficient radial mixing from tidal torques, rapid accretion of low-metallicity gas, etc., which can affect the gas and metallicity distributions in individual galaxies. Based upon an exhaustive sample of all existing sub-kpc metallicity gradients at high-z, we find that predictions given by analytical chemical evolution models assuming a relatively extended star-formation profile in the early disk formation phase can explain the majority of observed gradients, without involving galactic feedback or radial outflows. We observe a tentative correlation between stellar mass and metallicity gradient, consistent with the downsizing galaxy formation picture that more massive galaxies are more evolved into a later phase of disk growth, where they experience more coherent mass assembly at all radii and thus show shallower metallicity gradients. In addition, we compile a sample of homogeneously cross-calibrated integrated metallicity measurements spanning three orders of magnitude in stellar mass at $z\sim1.8$. We use this sample to study the mass-metallicity relation (MZR) and test the fundamental metallicity relation (FMR). The slope of the observed MZR can rule out the momentum-driven wind model at 3-$\sigma$ confidence level. We find no significant offset with respect to the FMR, taking into account the intrinsic scatter and measurement uncertainties.Comment: 26 pages, 14 figures, and 6 table

Discovery of Strongly Inverted Metallicity Gradients in Dwarf Galaxies at zz∼\sim2

We report the first sub-kiloparsec spatial resolution measurements of strongly inverted gas-phase metallicity gradients in two dwarf galaxies at $z$$\sim$2. The galaxies have stellar masses $\sim$$10^9M_\odot$, specific star-formation rate $\sim$20 Gyr$^{-1}$, and global metallicity $12+\log({\rm O/H})\sim8.1$ (1/4 solar), assuming the Maiolino et al. (2008) strong line calibrations of OIII/Hb and OII/Hb. Their metallicity radial gradients are measured to be highly inverted, i.e., 0.122$\pm$0.008 and 0.111$\pm$0.017 dex/kpc, which is hitherto unseen at such small masses in similar redshift ranges. From the Hubble Space Telescope observations of the source nebular emission and stellar continuum, we present the 2-dimensional spatial maps of star-formation rate surface density, stellar population age, and gas fraction, which show that our galaxies are currently undergoing rapid mass assembly via disk inside-out growth. More importantly, using a simple chemical evolution model, we find that the gas fractions for different metallicity regions cannot be explained by pure gas accretion. Our spatially resolved analysis based on a more advanced gas regulator model results in a spatial map of net gaseous outflows, triggered by active central starbursts, that potentially play a significant role in shaping the spatial distribution of metallicity by effectively transporting stellar nucleosynthesis yields outwards. The relation between wind mass loading factors and stellar surface densities measured in different regions of our galaxies shows that a single type of wind mechanism, driven by either energy or momentum conservation, cannot explain the entire galaxy. These sources present a unique constraint on the effects of gas flows on the early phase of disk growth from the perspective of spatially resolved chemical evolution within individual systems.Comment: 20 pages, 13 figures, 3 tables, accepted to ApJ. The accepted version includes a detailed description of extracting and fitting grism 1D/2D spectra (Appendix A) and a comparative study of deriving metallicity gradients using different strong line calibrations (Appendix C

A Census of Sub-kiloparsec Resolution Metallicity Gradients in Star-forming Galaxies at Cosmic Noon from HST Slitless Spectroscopy

We present the hitherto largest sample of gas-phase metallicity radial gradients measured at sub-kpc resolution in star-forming galaxies in the redshift range of z ∈ [1.2, 2.3]. These measurements are enabled by the synergy of slitless spectroscopy from the Hubble Space Telescope near-infrared channels and the lensing magnification from foreground galaxy clusters. Our sample consists of 76 galaxies with stellar mass ranging from 10⁷ to 10¹⁰ M_⊙, an instantaneous star formation rate in the range of [1, 100] M_⊙ yr⁻¹, and global metallicity [1/12, 2] of solar. At a 2σ confidence level, 15/76 galaxies in our sample show negative radial gradients, whereas 7/76 show inverted gradients. Combining ours and all other metallicity gradients obtained at a similar resolution currently available in the literature, we measure a negative mass dependence of Δlog(O/H)/ Δr [dex kpc⁻¹] = (−0.020 ± 0.007) + (−0.016 ± 0.008) log(M_∗/10^(9.4) M_⊙), with the intrinsic scatter being σ = 0.060 ± 0.006 over 4 orders of magnitude in stellar mass. Our result is consistent with strong feedback, not secular processes, being the primary governor of the chemostructural evolution of star-forming galaxies during the disk mass assembly at cosmic noon. We also find that the intrinsic scatter of metallicity gradients increases with decreasing stellar mass and increasing specific star formation rate. This increase in the intrinsic scatter is likely caused by the combined effect of cold-mode gas accretion and merger-induced starbursts, with the latter more predominant in the dwarf mass regime of M∗ ≲ 10⁹ M_⊙