La Biblioteca Digital Mundial (BDM) y el acceso universal a la cultura

La Biblioteca Digital Mundial (BDM) ofrece en Internet, de manera gratuita y en formato plurilingüe, abundante documentación gráfica y descriptiva referente a la esencia histórica de numerosos países y culturas de todo el mundo. El 21 de abril de 2009, la UNESCO y 32 instituciones asociadas lanzaron la Biblioteca Digital Mundial (BDM), un sitio web que recoge documentación cultural única de bibliotecas y archivos de todo el mundo. El sitio web (www.wdl.org) alberga manuscritos, mapas, libros poco comunes, películas, grabaciones de sonido, grabados y fotografías. El acceso a dicha documentación es libre y gratuito, sin ningún tipo de restricción

LA BIBLIOTHEQUE NUMÉRIQUE MONDIALE ET L'ACCES UNIVERSEL AU SAVOIR

Fidèle à l'une de ses premières missions qui est celle de promouvoir la libre circulation de toutes les formes de savoir dans les domaines de l'éducation, de la science, de la culture et de la communication. L'UNESCO s'est toujours appuyée sur les bibliothèques pour favoriser l'accès universel au savoir. Elle promeut donc l'éducation, la recherche et les échanges grâce à l'amélioration et à l'élargissement de l'accès au contenu de l'internet. A cette fin, elle collabore avec un certain nombre de partenaires à la constitution de dépôts, numériques et autres, d'archives. Elle est en effet particulièrement déterminée à soutenir l'essor et l'expansion de la Bibliothèque numérique mondiale à l'échelle planétaire

Effect of ultrasound on henna leaves drying and extraction of lawsone: Experimental and modeling study

[EN] The effect of drying temperature and the application of ultrasound on drying kinetics of Lawsonia inermis (henna) leaves and the extraction of lawsone from the dried samples was addressed. Indeed, henna leaves were dried with and without the application of ultrasound (21.7 kHz, 30.8 kW/m3) at 40, 50 and 60 C with a constant air velocity (1 m/s). As expected, both the increase of temperature and the application of ultrasound decreased the drying time and increased the rate of extraction of the lawsone. The values of the effective diffusion coefficients obtained were used to quantify this influence showing the value increases with higher drying temperature and the application of ultrasound. Moreover, the influence of temperature was quantified by the estimation of the activation energy from an Arrhenius-type equation (46.25 kJ/mol in the case of drying without ultrasound application and 44.06 kJ/mol in the case of ultrasonically-assisted drying). Regarding the influence of studied variables on lawsone extraction yield, the higher is the temperature, the lower is the yield, probably linked with lawsone degradation reaction due to thermal treatment. On the contrary, the application of ultrasound improved the extraction yield mainly at the lower drying temperature tested of 40 C.This research was funded by Science and Innovation Ministry of Spain, grant number PID2019-106148RRC42.Bennaceur, S.; Berreghioua, A.; Bennamoun, L.; Mulet Pons, A.; Draoui, B.; Abid, M.; Carcel, JA. (2021). Effect of ultrasound on henna leaves drying and extraction of lawsone: Experimental and modeling study. Energies. 14(5):1-11. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051329S11114

Gartland types IIB and III supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children: is Blount's method effective and safe?

BACKGROUND: Blount's method is controversial for the treatment of Gartland types IIB and III supracondylar fracture of the humerus (SCFH) in children. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes and the failure and complication rates. METHODS: All types IIB and III SCFH treated with Blount's method from 2003-2013 were included in this retrospective single-center study. Clinical assessment was performed according to Flynn criteria. Baumann angle, anteversion angle, anterior humeral line, and humeroulnar angle were measured for radiographic assessment. RESULTS: Among 447 children with types IIB and III SCHF, 339 were treated according to Blount's method. There were 173 boys (51%), and the mean age was 6.3 years (1-14 years); 71% were type III. Mean time to surgery was 5.7 hours. According to Flynn criteria, results were satisfactory in 91% of cases. No compartment syndrome was encountered. There were 16 (4.7%) secondary displacements requiring surgical revision. Five (1.9%) children developed a cubitus varus deformity. At latest follow-up, the mean Baumann angle was 74.7° (95% confidence interval, 74.1-75.3), the mean anteversion angle was 39.9° (95% confidence interval, 39.5-40.3), the anterior humeral line was normal in 87.6% of cases, and the mean humeroulnar angle was 8.7°. CONCLUSION: Blount's method is appropriate to manage types IIB and III SCFH, provided anatomic and stable reduction is obtained

A subscapularis-preserving arthroscopic release of capsule in the treatment of internal rotation contracture of shoulder in Erb's palsy (SPARC procedure)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a minimally invasive subscapularis-preserving arthroscopic release of capsule in the treatment of internal rotation contracture of the shoulder due to Erb's palsy. We performed our procedure (subscapularis-preserving arthroscopic release of capsule) in 10 paediatric shoulders with an average age of 20.2 months and followed them for an average period of 41.5 months. All the patients were assessed clinically and radiologically preoperatively and postoperatively at regular intervals. The Mallet scoring system was used for analysing the results. The average gain in passive external rotation was 508. The active internal rotation was preserved in all the cases. With the mid-term follow-up, there was no loss of the gained external rotation or the recurrence of internal rotation contracture of the shoulder. Our hypothesis has achieved its goal in preserving subscapularis, active internal rotation and treatment of internal rotation contracture of the shoulder. The success of this procedure lies in the early identification of starting of internal rotation contracture and early surgical intervention to prevent progressive permanent glenohumeral osseocartilaginous deformity

Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial

SummaryBackground Azithromycin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its immunomodulatoryactions. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.Methods In this randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19Therapy [RECOVERY]), several possible treatments were compared with usual care in patients admitted to hospitalwith COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 176 hospitals in the UK. Eligible and consenting patients wererandomly allocated to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus azithromycin 500 mg once perday by mouth or intravenously for 10 days or until discharge (or allocation to one of the other RECOVERY treatmentgroups). Patients were assigned via web-based simple (unstratified) randomisation with allocation concealment andwere twice as likely to be randomly assigned to usual care than to any of the active treatment groups. Participants andlocal study staff were not masked to the allocated treatment, but all others involved in the trial were masked to theoutcome data during the trial. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality, assessed in the intention-to-treatpopulation. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936.Findings Between April 7 and Nov 27, 2020, of 16 442 patients enrolled in the RECOVERY trial, 9433 (57%) wereeligible and 7763 were included in the assessment of azithromycin. The mean age of these study participants was65·3 years (SD 15·7) and approximately a third were women (2944 [38%] of 7763). 2582 patients were randomlyallocated to receive azithromycin and 5181 patients were randomly allocated to usual care alone. Overall,561 (22%) patients allocated to azithromycin and 1162 (22%) patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days(rate ratio 0·97, 95% CI 0·87–1·07; p=0·50). No significant difference was seen in duration of hospital stay (median10 days [IQR 5 to >28] vs 11 days [5 to >28]) or the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days(rate ratio 1·04, 95% CI 0·98–1·10; p=0·19). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, nosignificant difference was seen in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilationor death (risk ratio 0·95, 95% CI 0·87–1·03; p=0·24).Interpretation In patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, azithromycin did not improve survival or otherprespecified clinical outcomes. Azithromycin use in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 should be restrictedto patients in whom there is a clear antimicrobial indication