In utero exposure to bisphenols and asthma, wheeze, and lung function in school-age children: a prospective meta-analysis of 8 European birth cohorts

The research leading to these results has received funding from Instituto de Salud Carlos III and European Union's FEDER funds (CP16/ 00128 - the ENDOLUNG project, and PI17/01194 - the INMA-AdoRespi Project), the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-206) under grant agreement no 308,333 - the HELIX project -, and from the EC's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 874,583 - the ATHLETE project.Background: In utero exposure to bisphenols, widely used in consumer products, may alter lung development and increase the risk of respiratory morbidity in the offspring. However, evidence is scarce and mostly focused on bisphenol A (BPA) only. Objective: To examine the associations of in utero exposure to BPA, bisphenol F (BPF), and bisphenol S (BPS) with asthma, wheeze, and lung function in school-age children, and whether these associations differ by sex. Methods: We included 3,007 mother–child pairs from eight European birth cohorts. Bisphenol concentrations were determined in maternal urine samples collected during pregnancy (1999–2010). Between 7 and 11 years of age, current asthma and wheeze were assessed from questionnaires and lung function by spirometry. Wheezing patterns were constructed from questionnaires from early to mid-childhood. We performed adjusted randomeffects meta-analysis on individual participant data. Results: Exposure to BPA was prevalent with 90% of maternal samples containing concentrations above detection limits. BPF and BPS were found in 27% and 49% of samples. In utero exposure to BPA was associated with higher odds of current asthma (OR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.27) and wheeze (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.01, 1.30) (pinteraction sex = 0.01) among girls, but not with wheezing patterns nor lung function neither in overall nor among boys. We observed inconsistent associations of BPF and BPS with the respiratory outcomes assessed in overall and sex-stratified analyses. Conclusion: This study suggests that in utero BPA exposure may be associated with higher odds of asthma and wheeze among school-age girls.Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIEuropean Commission European Commission CP16/ 00128 PI17/01194 308,333 European Commission European Commission Joint Research Centre 874,58

Superando la adversidad: Programa de formación para familiares/cuidadores de personas con accidente cerebrovascular

El objetivo principal de este trabajo es elaborar un programa de formación dirigido a los familiares/cuidadores para ayudar a conseguir a la persona con ACV una adaptación positiva frente al cambio de vida que ha experimentado como medio hacia un fin: mejorar la participación en su entorno y su rendimiento en el desempeño ocupacional. Los modelos utilizados para plantear esta intervención son el modelo canadiense de desempeño ocupacional, el modelo de ocupación humana de Kielhofner, el modelo de promoción de resiliencia y el modelo de resiliencia familiar. Para la consecución de los objetivos planteados se ha utilizado el programa Rueda de Laîmatre y Puig. Como procedimientos de evaluación se utilizará la observación y el uso de instrumentos como son el test del árbol y el gráfico de vida de Kielhofner. En los últimos años el centro de atención de la investigación en el accidente cerebrovascular se interesa por la relación entre la disminución de participación y rendimiento en el proceso de rehabilitación y el impacto psicológico y emocional de la enfermedad debido a las frecuentes secuelas, como estados de ansiedad, depresión y labilidad emocional, tras presentar un accidente cerebrovascular. En este programa se trabaja la resiliencia para facilitar la superación, la adaptación positiva a la enfermedad y de forma indirecta mejorar el rendimiento y la participación en el desempeño ocupacional de la persona con ACV mejorando la calidad de vida del mism

Effects of oral administration of 17α-ethynylestradiol on male seabream Sparus aurata L.

The effects of 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) on immature and mature males of the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) were studied. Gilthead seabream specimens were fed for 1 month with diets containing EE2 (5, 50, 125, 200 μg/g food). EE2 exposure altered the appetite, survival and digestive system in immature fish, and caused changes in the gonadal development, growth, survival, and some somatic indexes in mature males. The highest EE2 doses showed acute toxic effects (50% mortality) and liver injury. Gonad size was also drastically reduced

Long-term Effects of the Larval Photoperiod on the Subsequent Growth of Shi Drum Umbrina cirrosa L. Specimens and the Fillet Texture at Commercial Size

Three groups of shi drum Umbrina cirrosa L. were reared with different photoperiod regimes: 24L, 12L:12D and 16L:8D (natural photoperiod) during the larval period and then all of them were transferred to a natural photoperiod. At 11.8 and 20 months of age, the body growth and the muscle parameters reached the highest values in the 24L and 12L:12D groups. The 16L:8D group showed the lowest growth. When comparing 24L with 12L:12D, the highest number of white fibres was found in the 24L group, whereas the greatest fibres size was reached in the 12L:12D group. Commercial size (28-30 cm; 290-340 g) was reached at 20 months of age in the 24L and 12L:12D groups, but at 23 months in the 16L:8D group. When comparing the three groups at the commercial stage, the larval photoperiod effect was still observed, such that the highest fibres number was again found in the 24L group, whereas the greatest fibres size was reached in the 12L:12D group. The highest values of textural hardness were observed in the 16L:8D and 24L groups. A nutritional analysis was carried out in the 16L:8D group, which showed the following percentage values: 2.66, 21.2, 74.4, and 1.46 of fat, protein, moisture and ash, respectively.0,591

Gestational phthalate exposure and lung function during childhood: A prospective population-based study

The potential effect of gestational exposure to phthalates on the lung function levels during childhood is unclear. Therefore, we examined this association at different ages (from 4 to 11 years) and over the whole childhood. Specifically, we measured 9 phthalate metabolites (MEP, MiBP, MnBP, MCMHP, MBzP, MEHHP, MEOHP, MECPP, MEHP) in the urine of 641 gestating women from the INMA study (Spain) and the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and FEV1/FVC in their offspring at ages 4, 7, 9 and 11. We used linear regression and mixed linear regression with a random intercept for subject to assess the association between phthalates and lung function at each study visit and for the overall childhood, respectively. We also assessed the phthalate metabolites mixture effect on lung function using a Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression. We observed that the phthalate metabolites gestational levels were consistently associated with lower FVC and FEV1 at all ages, both when assessed individually and jointly as a mixture, although most associations were not statistically significant. Of note, a 10% increase in MiBP was related to lower FVC (-0.02 (-0.04, 0)) and FEV1 z-scores (-0.02 (-0.04,-0.01) at age 4. Similar significant reductions in FVC were observed at ages 4 and 7 associated with an increase in MEP and MnBP, respectively, and for FEV1 at age 4 associated with an increase in MBzP. WQS regression consistently identified MBzP as an important contributor to the phthalate mixture effect. We can conclude that the gestational exposure to phthalates was associated with children's lower FVC and FEV1, especially in early childhood, and in a statistically significant manner for MEP, MiBP, MBzP and MnBP. Given the ubiquity of phthalate exposure and its established endocrine disrupting effects in children, our findings support current regulations that limit phthalate exposure.The INMA study was funded by grants from the European Union (FP7-ENV-2011 cod 282957 and HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1) , and from Spain: Instituto de Salud Carlos III and Ministry of Health (Red INMA G03/176; CB06/02/0041; PI041436, PI081151, PI06/0867, PS09/00090, PI13/02187; FIS-FEDER: PI03/1615, PI04/1509, PI04/1112, PI04/1931, PI05/1079, PI05/1052, PI06/1213, PI07/0314, PI09/02647, PI11/01007, PI11/02591, PI11/02038, PI12/01890, PI13/1944, PI13/2032, PI14/00891, PI14/1687, PI17/01194, and PI17/00663; MV16/00015; predoctoral grant PFIS - FI14/00099, pre-doctoral grant PFIS FIS-FSE: 17/00260, FIS19/1338, MV16/00015, Miguel Servet-FEDER: CP11/0178, and Miguel Servet-FSE: MS13/00054, MSII16/00051, and MS16/00128) , CIBERESP; Department of Health of the Basque Government (2005111093 and 2009111069) ; the Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (DFG06/004 and DFG08/001) ; and the Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT (1999SGR 00241) . ISGlobal is a member of the CERCA Programme, Generalitat de Catalunya. We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through the "Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023" Program (CEX 2018-000806-S) , and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program

Estudio de la musculatura axial en lubina salvaje y lubina atlántica cultivada, Dicentrarchus labrax L., de talla comercial. I: Estudio en fresco.

En este trabajo se realiza un estudio comparativo de la musculatura de la lubina, Dicentrarchus labrax L., procedente del medio natural (salvajes) y lubina de origen Atlántico cultivada bajo condiciones naturales de temperatura y fotoperiodo y alimentada con dietas artificiales. Se estudiaron un total de 25 ejemplares de tamaño comercial: 14 salvajes y 11 cultivados. Se midieron sus longitudes y pesos y se realizó una sección transversal en la zonal caudal (a nivel de la apertura anal) y en la zona craneal (a nivel del 4º radio de la aleta dorsal) con el fin de estudiar los siguientes parámetros: área transversal del total del miotomo y del músculo blanco, área y número de fibras blancas. Los ejemplares salvajes mostraron un mayor tamaño del área total del miotomo que los mantenidos a temperatura ambiente, aunque estas diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas. Asímismo, la constitución interna del miotomo fue diferente entre ambas poblaciones, de tal forma que los ejemplares de lubina salvaje presentaron un mayor número de fibras que los ejemplares cultivados de lubina atlántica (p<0.05). Por el contrario, el área de las fibras fue mayor en lubina atlántica (p<0.05). Este estudio pone de manifiesto que las condiciones medioambientales y el origen genético influyen sobre los mecanismos de crecimiento y la constitución fibrilar, lo que puede incidir en la calidad final del producto.MCYT. Proyecto AGL2000-1738-C03-0

The ATENción Plena en Enfermedad de Alzheimer (ATENEA-Mindfulness in Alzheimer's Disease) Program for Caregivers : Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial

A person affected by Alzheimer's disease (AD) gradually loses the ability to perform activities of daily living and becomes dependent on caregivers, thereby having a negative impact on the caregivers' quality of life. There is evidence that suggests that interventions aimed at caregivers, such as mindfulness, may be effective at reducing this burden and emotional issues, such as depression and anxiety, and improving their quality of life. However, there is a lack of consistency in the findings and conclusions remain tentative. In addition, as neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPSs) of AD are major determinants of the caregiver's burden, these interventions should examine the relationship between these symptoms and caregiver outcomes. Importantly, to improve the design of therapeutic interventions for caregivers and complement the treatment of AD, aspects related to occupational performance and the participation of people with AD and their caregivers should also be considered. Therefore, this study will aim to examine first, the effects of a mindfulness-based program designed for caregivers on NPSs of AD and caregivers' anxiety and depression; second, the effects of this program on patients' functional capacity, cognitive performance, executive functions, and quality of life, and on caregivers' burden, quality of life, occupational balance, executive functions, psychological wellbeing, and self-compassion. We believe that the findings of this study will have significant implications for future healthcare strategies focused on improving the quality of life and wellbeing of caregivers