Abellán-Martínez, E. (Emilia)

Arizcun-Arizcun, M. (Marta)

García-Alcázar, A. (Alicia)

English

Abellán-Martínez, Emilia

García-Alcázar, Alicia

Arizcun-Arizcun, Marta

Digital.CSIC

EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD ON GROWTH, QUALITY AND SURVIVAL IN SHI DRUM (UMBRINA CIRROSA) LARVAE

Repositorio Institucional Digital del IEO

EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD ON GROWTH, QUALITY AND SURVIVAL IN SHI DRUM (UMBRINA CIRROSA) LARVAEE. Abellán, A. García-Alcázar and M. ArizcunInstituto Español de Oceanografía. Centro Oceanográfico de Murcia. Ctra. de la Azohía s/n. Puerto de Mazarrón. Murcia. SpainE-mail: emilia.abellan@mu.ieo.es IntroductionThe shi drum, a member of the Sciaenidae family, is a fish of great importance among the new species which are being studied in the field of aquaculture. Although some studies on reproduction (Mylonas, 2004) and larval rearing (Arizcun, 2009) have been done, there is no information in the literature of the effects of specific environmental conditions on larvae. Knowledge of the optimal environmental factors (photoperiod, illumination, etc.) during fish early life stage is essential to design protocols that maximize survival and growth in culture conditions. The effect of different lighting regimes on growth, survival and larvae quality has been studied in this work. Materials and methodsFive photoperiods were tested: 24L:0D, 18L:6D, 16L:8D, 12L:12D and 6L:18D. 15000 newly hatched shi drum larvae were placed in 0.5m3 cylindroconical fibre glass tanks at a density of 30 larvae l-1.  Each treatment was run in three replicates. Water temperature was maintained between 20 and 22ºC and each tank was fitted with an incandescent light placed 500mm above the water surface providing a light intensity of 100-120 lux. Feed was based on rotifer from 2 to17 dph (5-20 rot/ml), Artemia nauplii from 13 to 17 dph (1-3 nauplii/ml) and Artemia metanauplii from 16 dph (3-5 metanauplii/ml) to the end of the trial (20 dph). Larval size and dry weight were determined on days 11 and 20 dph. Survival and percentage of larvae with skeletal abnormalities (modified technique of Taylor and Van Dyke, 1985) were determined also at the end of the experiment (20 dph). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test were used to determine differences between treatments.Results and discussion The results of growth (length and dry weight) and survival in larvae at different photoperiods are shown in Table I. Both in 11 and 20 days periods, the better lengths (p<0.05) were obtained in larvae reared under continuous lighting, followed by the 18L:6D and 16L:8D photoperiod regimes. The 6L:18D photoperiod resulted in significantly smaller larvae compared with those obtained in the rest of treatments. Regarding dry weight, in the 11 days period larvae grew significantly better at 24L:0D, meanwhile in the 20 days period the weight of larvae reared at 24L:0D, 18L:6D and 16L:8D increased significantly compared to those at 12L:12D and 6L:18D. Final survival couldn’t be clearly determined due to the great variability between some replicates. Nevertheless survival rates were lower in the groups under continuous lighting and 6L:18D photoperiod (Table I). Table I. Total length (TL) at 11 and 20 days post hatching (dph), dry weight (DW) at 11 and 20 days post hatching and final survival of shi drum larvae cultured with five different photoperiod (mean±standard error, n=90).Photoperiod	TL (mm) 11dph	TL (mm) 20 dph	DW (mg) 11dph	DW (mg) 20dph	Survival (%)24L:0D	4,51±0,18ª	11,05±1,11a	0,43±0,12a	4,19±1,05a	0,67±0,3418L:6D	4,34±0,17b	9,95±0,91b	0,25±0,02ab	2,98±0,77a	2,10±0,8316L:8D	4,40±0,16b	10,27±0,31b	0,24±0,03b	3,05±0,39a	5,40±5,3412L:12D	3,83±0,15c	6,44±0,43c	0,13±0,01b	0,80±0,18b	2,13±0,936L:18D	3,31±0,14d	5,31±0,79d	0,07±0,02b	0,45±0,27b	0,21±0,14Means with different superscript letter in the same row are significantly different (P˂0.05)The percentages of larvae with deformities related to the vertebral column and caudal complex were higher (43%) in continuous lighting treatment. In 18L:6D and 16L:8D treatments, malformations were 17.5% and 35% respectively and 0% in 12L:12D treatment. 6L:18D photoperiod larvae skeletons resulted even in a lack of ossification because of their small size.In conclusion, behaviour of Umbrina larvae in terms of different photoperiod systems appears to follow the pattern of most fishes. Long photoperiods significantly improve growth, as in Sparus aurata (Chatain and Ounais-Guschemann, 1991), Dicentrarchus labrax (Barahona Fernandes, 1979), and Dentex dentex (Abellán et al., 2000). However, continuous lighting has produced more skeletal abnormalities and low survival in shi drum larvae.ReferencesAbellán, E., A. García-Alcázar, M. Arizcun, M.D. Nortes and S. García-Alcázar. 2000. Effect of the photoperiod on growth, survival and inflation of the swim bladder in dentex larvae (Dentex dentex L.). Cahiers Options Mediterraneennes, 47: 177-180Arizcun, M., E. Abellán and A. García-Alcázar. 2009. Primeros estudios sobre reproducción y cultivo larvario de verrugato (Umbrina cirrosa, L.). En: Actas del XII Congreso Nacional de Acuicultura: 518-519Barahona-Fernandes, M.H. 1979. Some effects of light intensity and photoperiod on the sea bass larvae (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) reared at the Centre Oceanologique de Bretagne. Aquaculture, 17: 311-321Chatain, B. and N. Ounais-Guschemann. 1991. The relationship between light and larvae of Sparus aurata. EAS Special Publication, 15: 310-313Mylonas, C., Y. Kyriakou, I. Sigelaki, G. Georgiou, D. Stephanou and P. Divanach. 2004. Reproductive Biology of the shi drum (Umbrina cirrosa) in captivity and induction of spawning using GnRHa. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture 56 (2): 77-94Taylor, W.R. and Van Dyke, G.C. 1985. Revised procedures for staining and clearing small fishes and other vertebrates for bone and cartilage study. Cybium 9: 107-119AcknowledgementsThis study was supported by the research projects 15275/PI/10 of the Seneca Foundation. Comunidad Autónoma de Murcia.

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EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD ON GROWTH, QUALITY AND SURVIVAL IN SHI DRUM (UMBRINA CIRROSA) LARVAE

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