Response To Intervention For Young Children With Mild, Moderate/Severe Cognitive Disabilities: Literature Review

This study has discussed in-depth information about understanding the Response to Intervention (RTI) linking with children from pre-school to kindergarten (three to eight years old) who have Cognitive Disabilities (CD), including different levels from mild to moderate and/or severe.  The study consists of five main sections – RTI, CD, RTI Linking with CD, teaching methods for children with CD, and how RTI helps disability in school. Each section is presented in comprehensive detail

Evaluating General Diploma Program of Education

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to evaluate students’ perceptions of the General Diploma Program at the Faculty of Education in King AbdulAziz University. The study adopted a descriptive analytical approach through a questionnaire which consisted of (57) items divided into six domains. The researcher calculated reliability and validity then administrated the questionnaire to all students registered in the General Diploma in the academic year 1435-1436H totaling (106) students. Of these, (82) responded to the questionnaire. The findings of the study were as follows: students rated all of the quality standards as being average. Students were most satisfied with the teaching domain, and least with facilities, and equipment. There were no significant statistical differences between the means of the samples’ responses on all domains attributed to major or post variables except in administrating the program domain as differences were in favor of the post variable. There were significant statistical differences attributed to service years in program mission and goals domain، managing the program، learning and teaching and student’s services. While، there were significant statistical differences attributed to experience years in courses and equipment and facilities domains. Keywords: Evaluation - Quality - Educational programs

Behavioral Problems Associated with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Among Students as Perceived by Elementary School Teachers in Riyadh

This study was aimed at measuring the differences of elementary school teachers’ perceptions of behavioral problems that appear in pupils with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The study focused on measuring any statistically significance differences of some variables and their relationship to the extent of realization of teachers. These variables included gender, level of education, years of experience, teacher's current position, previous experience in teaching pupils with ADHD, and training. This research applied the descriptive approach, using a questionnaire. The study sample included 304 male elementary school teachers and 301 female elementary school teachers. The study found several results; no statistically significant differences at the 0.05 level or less regarding teachers’ perceptions of behavioral problems in pupils with ADHD and level of education. The study also showed statistically significant differences between the perceptions of teachers and gender, years of experience, teacher's current position, previous experience in teaching pupils with ADHD, and training

Design of a Model of Forearm Bone Fractures for Educational Purposes

This work explore new approach to demonstrate possible forearm fractures in humans as an educating means for student radiographers. The Design of abnormal bones are not normally available as phantoms, the manufacturer usually produce normal human musculoskeletal models for educational purpose. Hence fractures and abnormalities are usually first time observed by the students in clinical practice at the hospital, the author believe that this work can positively improve the clinical skill laboratories sessions at an earlier stage prior to the hospital training. With the help of such phantom, it can be considered as foundation practical sessions added to radiographic techniques, clinical practice and pathology courses to students radiographers and technologist. Moreover, a model was developed with high quality and low cost produced by local materials for medical education purposes. The present result indicated that the use of models for education and training purposes where interactive training tools will improve the learning experience, and reduces the time on task for students and the material costs as well. Keywords: Forearm, Fractures, Educational Purpose

Dermatological Lesions of Cholesterol Embolization Syndrome and Kaposi Sarcoma Mimic Primary Systemic Vasculitis: Case Report Study

Primary systemic vasculitis can present with a wide spectrum of manifestations ranging from systemic non-specific features such as fever, malaise, arthralgia, and myalgia to specific organ damage. We describe two cases of cholesterol embolization syndrome and Kaposi sarcoma mimicking primary systemic vasculitis, both of which were characterized by features such as livedo reticularis, blue toe syndrome, a brown, purpuric skin rash, and positive p-ANCA associated with Kaposi sarcoma. Establishing the right diagnosis was challenging, and thus we aim in this study to highlight the possible ways to distinguish them from primary systemic vasculitis. Keywords: Dermatological lesions, Cholesterol embolization syndrome, Kaposi sarcoma, vasculitis mimic

A case of atypical systemic primary carnitine deficiency in Saudi Arabia

Systemic primary carnitine deficiency (SPCD) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of fatty acid metabolism caused by a defect in the transporter responsible for moving carnitine across plasma membrane. The clinical features of SPCD vary widely based on the age of onset and organs involved. During infancy, patients might show episodes of hypoketotic hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly, elevated transaminases, and hyperammonemia. Skeletal myopathy, elevated creatine kinase, and cardiomyopathy are the main manifestations in children with SPCD, while in adults, the disorder is usually manifested as cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias, or fatigability. Here, we report a 5-year-old boy with SPCD that presented as dilated cardiomyopathy with atypical features, such as anemia, respiratory distress, and proximal muscle weakness. This report supports considering carnitine deficiency treatment in the work-up of unexplained pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy

SYNERGISTIC ANTIOSTEOPOROTIC EFFECT OF LEPIDIUM SATIVUM AND ALENDRONATE IN GLUCOCORTICOID-INDUCED OSTEOPOROSIS IN WISTAR RATS

Bisphosphonates (BP) therapy is a vital option to reduce the risk of bone fracture in people who have osteoporosis. However, Bisphosphonate have displayed several side effects. Lepidium sativum (LS) plant and seeds has been used in traditional folk medicine as a mediator for bone fractures. Therefore, we aimed to compare the biochemical effects of LS alone (2% LS in diet, n=8), BP (Alendronate, 70 mg/kg s.c.; n=8) alone, or LS and BP combined in a rat model of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIO) by injecting methylprednisolone 3.5 mg/kg per day for 4 weeks. Serum calcium (Ca), albumin, phosphorus (PO4), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) were measured 4 weeks after induction of GIO. GIO-group showed significantly increased serum TRAP and decreased b-ALP. GIO-group also showed significantly decreased serum PO4 and unaltered Ca concentrations. Histological examination of GIO-group tibia bones indicates an osteoporotic changes and a concomitant decrease in percentage of trabecular area/bone marrow area (PTB) in the proximal femoral epiphysis. Treatment with either LS and/or BP ameliorated the above mentioned changes with variable degrees; with a net results of enhanced serum calcium, bone architecture, PTB, b-ALP and decreased TRAP in LS and LS+BP groups compared to that of animals treated with Alendronate alone. In conclusion, our findings present evidence supporting the potential benefits of LS in reducing the burden of GCs on bone health

Foot Function Index for Arabic-speaking patients (FFI-Ar) : translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation study

Background: Foot Function Index (FFI) is a valid and reliable outcome measure, which is widely used to measure the foot and ankle functional level and disorders. Until now, no validated Arabic version of the FFI is available. This study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The purpose of this project was to translate and adapt the FFI into Arabic and to evaluate its psychometric properties of validity and reliability. Methods: The study consisted of two phases. The first phase was the translation and cultural adaptation of the FFI to Arabic. The next phase involved, testing the psychometric properties of the Arabic version of the FFI on a sample of 50 consecutive participants which included internal consistency, test–retest reliability, floor and ceiling effects and construct validity. Results: The mean age of the study participants was 38 ± 12.94 years. Both the genders were evenly enrolled with 50% of the participants as male and 50% as female. Majority of them complained of plantar fasciopathy (32%) followed by pes planus (22%) and ankle sprain (18%). The scores of FFI-Ar were normally distributed, confirmed by a significant Shapiro–Wilk test. The mean value of FFI-Ar total score was 47.73 ± 19.85. There were no floor or ceiling effects seen in any of the subscales and total score. The internal consistency was good with the Cronbach’s alpha value of 0.882, 0.936 and 0.850 for the pain, disability and activity limitation subscales, respectively. The reproducibility of the FFI-Ar was analysed by intra-class correlation coefficient which revealed good to excellent test–retest reliability. A significant correlation was found between FFI-Ar and SF-36 and numeric rating scale (NRS) confirming its construct validity. Conclusion: The FFI-Arabic version showed good validity and reliability in patients with foot and ankle problems. This tool can be used in usual practice and research for analysing foot and ankle disorders in Arabic-speaking people

Development of unit cost for the health services offered at King FAHD Central hospital Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Background: Efficiency remains one of the most important drivers of decision making in health care system. Fund allocators need to receive structured information about the cost healthcare services from hospitals for better decisions related to resource allocation and budgeting. The objective of the study was to estimate the unit cost for health services offered to inpatients in King Fahd Central hospital (KFCH) Jazan during the financial year 2018. Methods: We applied a retrospective approach using a top-down costing method to estimate the cost of health care services. Clinical and Administrative departments divided into cost centres, and the unit cost was calculated by dividing the total cost of final care cost centres into the total number of patients discharged in one year. The average cost of inpatient services was calculated based on the average cost of each ward and the number of patients treated. Results: The average cost per patient stayed in KFCH was SAR 19,034, with the highest cost of SAR 108,561 for patients in the Orthopedic ward. The average cost of the patient in the Surgery ward, Plastic surgery, Neurosurgery, Medical ward, Pediatric ward and Gynecology ward was SAR 33,033, SAR 29,425, SAR 23,444, SAR 20,450, SAR 9579 and SAR 8636 respectively. Conclusion: This study provides necessary information about the cost of health care services in a tertiary care setting. This information can be used as a primary tool and reference for further studies in other regions of the country. Hence, this data can help to provide a better understanding of tertiary hospital costing in the region to achieve the privatization objective

Development of unit cost for the health services offered at King FAHD Central hospital Jazan, Saudi Arabia

Background: Efficiency remains one of the most important drivers of decision making in health care system. Fund allocators need to receive structured information about the cost healthcare services from hospitals for better decisions related to resource allocation and budgeting. The objective of the study was to estimate the unit cost for health services offered to inpatients in King Fahd Central hospital (KFCH) Jazan during the financial year 2018. Methods: We applied a retrospective approach using a top-down costing method to estimate the cost of health care services. Clinical and Administrative departments divided into cost centres, and the unit cost was calculated by dividing the total cost of final care cost centres into the total number of patients discharged in one year. The average cost of inpatient services was calculated based on the average cost of each ward and the number of patients treated. Results: The average cost per patient stayed in KFCH was SAR 19,034, with the highest cost of SAR 108,561 for patients in the Orthopedic ward. The average cost of the patient in the Surgery ward, Plastic surgery, Neurosurgery, Medical ward, Pediatric ward and Gynecology ward was SAR 33,033, SAR 29,425, SAR 23,444, SAR 20,450, SAR 9579 and SAR 8636 respectively. Conclusion: This study provides necessary information about the cost of health care services in a tertiary care setting. This information can be used as a primary tool and reference for further studies in other regions of the country. Hence, this data can help to provide a better understanding of tertiary hospital costing in the region to achieve the privatization objective