PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENGELOLAAN WISATA SAWAH UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT DESA PEMATANG JOHAR DELI SERDANG.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : (1) Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Wisata Sawah, dan (2) Pengaruh partispasi masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Wisata Sawah terhadap peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat di Dusun VI Rawa Badak Desa Pematang Johar Kecamatan Labuhan Deli Kabupaten Deli Serdang.  Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif fenomenologi. Teknik yang digunakan dalam pengambilan sampel adalah Purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 25 orang. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan wisata sawah ditunjukkan dengan diikutkannya masyarakat dalam merencanakan, melaksanakan memelihara, dan mengembangkan wisata sawah, (2) Pengaruh partisipasi masyarakat dalam Pengelolaan Wisata Sawah terhadap peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat dapat dilihat dari bertambahnya penghasilan keluarga. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan adanya peningkatan ekonomi warga jika dibandingkan sebelum aktif berpartisipasi di wisata sawah dengan setelah ikut berpartisipasi di wisata sawah. Masyarakat sangat merasa terbantu ekonomi keluarganya dengan ikut berpartisipasi di wisata sawah ini. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa adanya partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan wisata sawah dan berpengaruh dalam peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat Dusun VI Rawa Badak Desa Pematang Johar Kecamatan Labuhan Deli Kabupaten Deli Serdang. 

Local majority dynamics on preferential attachment graphs

Suppose in a graph $G$ vertices can be either red or blue. Let $k$ be odd. At each time step, each vertex $v$ in $G$ polls $k$ random neighbours and takes the majority colour. If it doesn't have $k$ neighbours, it simply polls all of them, or all less one if the degree of $v$ is even. We study this protocol on the preferential attachment model of Albert and Barab\'asi, which gives rise to a degree distribution that has roughly power-law $P(x) \sim \frac{1}{x^{3}}$, as well as generalisations which give exponents larger than $3$. The setting is as follows: Initially each vertex of $G$ is red independently with probability $\alpha < \frac{1}{2}$, and is otherwise blue. We show that if $\alpha$ is sufficiently biased away from $\frac{1}{2}$, then with high probability, consensus is reached on the initial global majority within $O(\log_d \log_d t)$ steps. Here $t$ is the number of vertices and $d \geq 5$ is the minimum of $k$ and $m$ (or $m-1$ if $m$ is even), $m$ being the number of edges each new vertex adds in the preferential attachment generative process. Additionally, our analysis reduces the required bias of $\alpha$ for graphs of a given degree sequence studied by the first author (which includes, e.g., random regular graphs)

Issues of human resource in Malaysian palm oil industry

The sustainability of industries is a crucial goal for many sectors in Malaysia, including the palm oil industry. Numerous industries, particularly the palm oil industry, aim to achieve sustainable businesses through efficient and effective human resource management practices. However, it can be observed that there are several issues of human resource that have acted as barriers to achieving sustainability in this industry. Among the primary issues are hazardous work conditions, labor shortages, migrant workers, low wages, human rights concerns, inadequate training and agricultural skills, and the exploitation of child labor. Discussions about these issues are essential to provide current insights to the public and all parties involved directly or indirectly in the industry. Therefore, appropriate measures should be taken by all stakeholders with a sense of responsibility to address these concerns. It is hoped that by addressing these issues, the Malaysian palm oil industry can move closer to achieving industrial sustainability, especially in the realm of social sustainability, and indirectly contribute to the nation's economy

Composite slab numerical strength test method under partial connection approach

The present uneconomic strength determination approach for profiled composite slab (PCS) constitutes a serious challenge that contributed significantly to design conservatism. This study seeks to address this challenge by developing and a subsequent experimental validation of a numerical strength determination function for PCS through implementing a rational-based approach. Hence, a procedural algorithm lead to the development of PCS determination function using longitudinal shear estimation method by considering section slenderness and deck characteristics. The strength test performance between the developed scheme and the experiment-based test results indicates high similarity, demonstrating the viability of the proposed strength determination methodology developed

Dietary Intake of Methionine, Cysteine, and Protein and Urinary Arsenic Excretion in Bangladesh

BackgroundIn Bangladesh, millions of people are exposed to arsenic in drinking water; arsenic is associated with increased risk of cancer. Once ingested, arsenic is metabolized via methylation and excreted in urine. Knowledge about nutritional factors affecting individual variation in methylation is limited.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to examine associations between intakes of protein, methionine, and cysteine total urinary arsenic in a large population-based sample.MethodsThe study subjects were 10,402 disease-free residents of Araihazar, Bangladesh, who participated in the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (HEALS). Food intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire developed for the study population. Nutrient composition was determined by using the U.S. Department of Agriculture National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Generalized estimating equations were used to examine association between total urinary arsenic across quintiles of nutrient intakes while controlling for arsenic exposure from drinking water and other predictors of urinary arsenic.ResultsGreater intakes of protein, methionine, and cysteine were associated with 10-15% greater total urinary arsenic excretion, after controlling for total energy intake, body weight, sex, age, tobacco use, and intake of some other nutrients.ConclusionsGiven previously reported risks between lower rates of arsenic excretion and increased rates of cancer, these findings support the role of nutrition in preventing arsenic-related disease

Danger- and pathogen-associated molecular patterns recognition by pattern-recognition receptors and ion channels of the transient receptor potential family triggers the inflammasome activation in immune cells and sensory neurons.

An increasing number of studies show that the activation of the innate immune system and inflammatory mechanisms play an important role in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases. The innate immune system is present in almost all multicellular organisms and its activation occurs in response to pathogens or tissue injury via pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). Intracellular pathways, linking immune and inflammatory response to ion channel expression and function, have been recently identified. Among ion channels, the transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a major family of non-selective cation-permeable channels that function as polymodal cellular sensors involved in many physiological and pathological processes.In this review, we summarize current knowledge of interactions between immune cells and PRRs and ion channels of TRP families with PAMPs and DAMPs to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. TRP channels have been found to interfere with innate immunity via both nuclear factor-kB and procaspase-1 activation to generate the mature caspase-1 that cleaves pro-interleukin-1ß cytokine into the mature interleukin-1ß.Sensory neurons are also adapted to recognize dangers by virtue of their sensitivity to intense mechanical, thermal and irritant chemical stimuli. As immune cells, they possess many of the same molecular recognition pathways for danger. Thus, they express PRRs including Toll-like receptors 3, 4, 7, and 9, and stimulation by Toll-like receptor ligands leads to induction of inward currents and sensitization in TRPs. In addition, the expression of inflammasomes in neurons and the involvement of TRPs in central nervous system diseases strongly support a role of TRPs in inflammasome-mediated neurodegenerative pathologies. This field is still at its beginning and further studies may be required.Overall, these studies highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting the inflammasomes in proinflammatory, autoinflammatory and metabolic disorders associated with undesirable activation of the inflammasome by using specific TRP antagonists, anti-human TRP monoclonal antibody or different molecules able to abrogate the TRP channel-mediated inflammatory signals