The Teaching Techniques Used in Teaching Speaking to Young learners on English Massive Program Kediri

Learning language at an early age has several benefits. However, young leaners attending formal schools in Indonesia get little chance to speak in the classroom. In this case, non-formal education plays a role in helping young learners. English Massive Program is non-formal education given for free by the government of Kediri City. This study aimed to describe the teaching techniques used and the differences of the technique used by an experienced tutor and a less experienced tutor. Descriptive qualitative approach was used as the research design. The data were collected by observing teaching learning process, conducting interview with two tutors, and documentation. It was found that the tutors used several techniques to get the students to speak: information gap, game, listen and repeat, question and answer, and read aloud. The difference of the technique: the experienced tutor used game in every meeting during three observations, while the less experienced tutor used game once during three observations. The use of game by the experienced tutor in every meeting during three observations showed that the experienced tutor understood the characteristics of young learners better. The decisions made by the experienced tutor during three observations also suit the characteristics of experienced tutors or teachers.   Key word: experienced tutor, novice or less experienced tutor, teaching speaking, teaching technique, young learner

A New Design Strategy for Sizes of Polymer Gel Treatments Derived from a Comprehensive Assessment of their Case Histories

The incentive to revive brownfield oil production extends the interest to apply polymer gel treatments in injection wells. Virtually, volumes of previous remediations implemented in similar reservoir types are used to size new jobs. Such an analogy-based design procedure imposes a need to evaluate the most frequent designs for each reservoir type based on a comprehensive field survey. This survey provides a new treatment sizing strategy for polyacrylamide-polymer bulk gels by reviewing their field applications in 653 injection wells. The new strategy proposes using the average and most frequent gel volumes per reservoir type as an initial estimate of the sizes of new treatments. Five parameters of gel volume were assessed from 65 field projects (1985–2020) using descriptive statistics and stacked bar histograms. Underdesigned or overdesigned projects were identified using the outlier detecting interquartile range method. Multiple scatterplots were employed to determine how treatment timing and reservoir temperature affect treatment sizes. To identify the possible reasons for the failure of gel treatments, unsuccessful pilots were contrasted with effective projects. The review indicates that bulk gel treatments have successfully treated reservoir thief zones with a moveable-pore-volume (mpv) of 30 up to 1,036,000 barrels. Treatment sizes range between 240 and 60,000 barrels; however, gel volumes 20,000 barrels are uncommon in the field. The average size of gel treatments is 10,300 barrels, 300 barrels per foot of perforation, and 21% of thief zone mpvs. In general, the formation type strongly influences treatment sizes and bigger treatments are injected in sandstones and matrix-rock formations than other reservoir types. Treatment sizes decrease with the timing of gel treatments and increase with the formation temperature. The most common cause of gel pilots\u27 failure is the inadequate sizing of gel treatments. For unconventional reservoirs, treatment sizes range between 300 and 590 barrels, with a mean of 414 barrels or 15.8 Barrels per perforated foot. The results also revealed that all gel treatment responses improve for all reservoir types as the gel volume increases, not just oil production and not just for matrix formations. Consequently, the \u27bigger-is-better\u27 strategy is also advised for unconsolidated and fractured reservoirs as with matrix formations. Rather than using designs of a few similar treatments, the present review supplies a profound idea of gel treatment volumes for various reservoir types. It will significantly facilitate gel treatment sizing and reduce the time required to find analogues for a candidate reservoir

Narratives on education for sustainable development in Malaysian universities

Higher education institutions are powerful forces in producing the human capital necessary to drive sustainable development. To support global aspirations to improve our planet, higher education institutions worldwide have been integrating the education for sustainable development agenda within the curriculum of a wide range of disciplines. This study aims to describe how Malaysian public universities have been implementing education for sustainable development. By adopting a qualitative research approach, this study gathered data through in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions with 16 sustainability experts from five public universities in Malaysia, renowned for their education provision and research in the field of sustainable development. Thematic analyses of the data reveal four prevailing approaches to implementing education for sustainable development at Malaysian higher education institutions. They are the organisational adoption approach, the competitive approach, the continuity approach, and the transformative approach. This study also projects the idea that the implementation of education for sustainable development (ESD) requires solid support from the institutions’ senior management to prioritise it in their managerial agenda

GC/MS determination of bioactive components and antibacterial properties of Goniothalamus umbrosusextracts

In this study, the antibacterial activity and chemical composition of Goniothalamus umbrosus leaves extracts were evaluated. The antibacterial activity was investigated using two gram-positive bacteria, Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Bacillus subtilis B29, and two gram-negative bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 60690 and Salmonella choleraesuis. The activity was tested using disc diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration assays. The chemical compositions of the ethyl acetate extract of G. umbrosus were investigated using Shimadzu gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-17A) while the mass spectra of the compounds found in the extract was matched with the library. The results showed that the  extracts demonstrated broad spectrum antibacterial effects against all tested bacteria. GC/MS analysis of ethyl acetate extract of G. umbrosus revealed the existence of 1-butyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol (46.84%), benzaldehyde (4.42%) and globulol (4.07%). The results of this study offer a platform of using G. umbrosus as herbal alternative for the current synthetic antimicrobial agents

Determinat of comorbidity in rheumatoid arthritis: influence of demographic and duration of illness

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, disabling autoimmune disease which affects about 5 in 1000 people in Malaysia. Patients with RA are at increased risk of developing comorbid conditions. This research aims at determining these relationships between demographic, duration of illness and comorbidity in RA via a multiple binary logistic (MBL) regression analysis based on the 102 patients’ information (23 males; 79 females) obtained from the rheumatoid clinic of the Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Kota Kinabalu. The relationship of the RA patients with comorbid conditions was studied with focus on the demographic and duration of illness. The variables obtained for analysis were the comorbid conditions namely, hypertension and hyperlipidemia, age, duration of illness, gender, ethnicity, household income and education level. From six independent variables, two were quantitative would be analyzed, while four were categorical, and would be transformed into dummy variables. Four phases in a model-building approach were executed where two models were formed where Model I predicted the probability of occurrence of hypertension with age of patients and first order interaction between duration of illness before diagnosis and household income of less than RM1000 had positive effects on the model, while Model II predicted the occurrence of hyperlipidemia among the RA patients with age of patients and first order interaction variable between gender(female) and age were the contributing factors

Learning analytics experience among academics in Australia and Malaysia: A comparison

Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the experience and involvement of academics in learning analytics (LA) due to its potential for improving teaching and learning. However, findings often reflect an educational culture which is indicative of the institutional or national context where the study has occurred, resulting in bias regarding LA perspectives. Therefore, this study seeks to compare and contrast the experiences of LA among academics in Australia and Malaysia, with intentions to learn from each other's experience. Areas of comparison were: (1) academics' involvement in LA activities; (2) academics' responses to the institutional capacity in supporting LA; and 3) academics' concerns about the ethical issues surrounding LA. A survey of 353 Australian and 224 Malaysian academics revealed similarities and differences. It is evident from these results that the context and infrastructure for LA are at different stages of development in both countries. Nevertheless, the results provide an interesting reflection on academics' needs, institutional understanding, policies, and educational cultural biases in applying LA in teaching and learning in higher education institutions

A comprehensive study of chronic diabetes complications in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat

Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide a reference of chronic diabetes complications by investigating the prolonged hyperglycemia effects on hematological, biochemical and histopathological changes (liver, kidney, spleen, cardiac muscle, adrenal gland, and endocrine pancreas) in diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin. Methods: Ten adult female Sprague-Dawley of uniform age were divided into two Groups. Group 1 was made diabetic by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg/bw) whereas Group 2 served as control. After six months, the rats were anesthetized using pentobarbital. Cardiac puncture was performed to get 3 ml of the blood sample; following 12 hours of an overnight fast. Serum chemistry test and complete blood analysis for lipid profile and blood glucose test; liver and renal functions were performed. Tissue specimens of liver, kidney, spleen, cardiac muscle, adrenal gland, and endocrine pancreas were fixed in 10% formal saline and processed for histological study. Results: There were severe histopathological changes in the affected organs; and the presence of a significant abnormality of lipid profile, liver, and renal functions. Conclusions: The presence of histopathological changes with abnormal biochemical changes is related to the chronic absence of insulin production in the destroyed β –cells which reflect the diabetic complications in a human being