Kata pinjaman Arab dalam bahasa Melayu analisis kajian dari sudut perubahan morfologi

Kajian ini menganalisis proses perubahan morfologi yang berlaku apabila kata pinjaman Arab terserap masuk ke dalam bahasa Melayu. Kata pinjaman adalah kata-kata yang dipinjam dari bahasa asing yang diserapkan ke dalam bahasa sasaran. Dengan menggunakan penjanaan data berkomputer DBP-UKM berjumlah 5 juta patah perkataan melalui konkordans dalam perisian WordSmith Tools 5.0, yang dianalisis berdasarkan Rumus Binaan Struktur Frasa. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa perubahan morfologi yang berlaku adalah perubahan kelas kata bahasa sumber iaitu yang meresap masuk ke dalam bahasa sasaran. Perubahan kelas kata yang berlaku adalah kelas kata bahasa sumber yang pada asalnya Kata Nama (KN) berubah menjadi Kata Kerja (KK), atau Kata Nama (KN) berubah menjadi Kata Adjektif (KAdj), atau Kata Nama (KN) berubah menjadi Kata Adverba (KAdv) dalam bahasa sasaran mengikut binaan struktur ayat. Contohnya kata pinjaman Arab wujud, kuat, asyik, yang mana pada asalnya adalah KN berubah menjadi KK atau KAdj atau KAdv. Bahasa Melayu didapati banyak meminjam kata Arab yang terdiri daripada kelas kata Kata Nama kerana ianya menepati sistem tatabahasa bahasa Melayu itu sendiri. Justeru itu, peminjaman bahasa merupakan satu proses bahasa yang penting dalam perkembangan sesuatu bahasa

Adult T-cell leukaemia / lymphoma in an adolescent patient : expect the unexpected

CITATION: Abdullah, I., Nell, E. M. & Chapanduka, Z. C. 2020. Adult T-cell leukaemia / lymphoma in an adolescent patient : expect the unexpected. South African Journal of Oncology, 4:a121, doi:10.4102/sajo.v4i0.121.The original publication is available at https://sajo.org.zaENGLISH ABSTRACT: This case study explores a clinicopathological presentation of Adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATLL) at Tygerberg Hospital; a disease associated with adulthood noted in an adolescent patient. Adult T-cell leukaemia–lymphoma oncogenesis develops through a multistep process with an accumulation of mutations. Infection through human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the first step of a multistep process resulting in eventual clonal proliferation of mature T-cells. There is a long latency period of 20–50 years from the time of infection with HTLV-1 to the development of symptoms of ATLL; thus, ATLL is a malignancy associated with adulthood. The median age of diagnosis is 58, ranging from the third to ninth decade of life. This is an ideal learning case as it highlights the importance of recognising ATLL in children and young adults in our population.https://sajo.org.za/index.php/sajo/article/view/121Publisher's versio

2D-HEC-RAS Modeling of Flood Wave Propagation in a Semi-Arid Area Due to Dam Overtopping Failure

Dam overtopping failure and the resulting floods are hazardous events that highly impact the inundated areas and are less predictable. The simulation of the dam breach failure and the flood wave propagation is necessary for assessing flood hazards to provide precautions. In the present study, a two-dimensional HEC-RAS model was used to simulate the flood wave resulting from the hypothetical failure of Al-Udhaim Dam on Al-Udhaim River, Iraq, and the propagation of the resulting dam-break wave along 100 km downstream the dam site for the overtopping scenario. The main objective is to analyze the propagation of the flood wave so that the failure risk on dam downstream areas can be assessed and emergency plans may be provided. The methodology consisted of two sub-models: the first is the dam breach failure model for deriving the breach hydrograph, and the second is the hydrodynamic model for propagating the flood wave downstream of the dam. The breach hydrograph is used as an upstream boundary condition to derive the flood impact in the downstream reach of Al- Udhaim River. The flood inundation maps were visualized in RAS-Mapper in terms of water surface elevation, water depth, flow velocity, and flood arrival time. The maximum recorded values were: 105 m (a.m.s.l.), 18 m, 5.5 m/s, and, respectively. The flow velocity decreased from upstream to downstream of the terrain, which means less risk of erosion in the far reaches downstream of the study area. The inundation maps indicated that the water depth and flow velocity were categorized as Catastrophic limits on the terrain's area. The results offer a way to predict flood extent and showed that the impact of a potential dam break at Al-Udhiam Dam will be serious, therefore, suitable management is needed to overcome this risk. Moreover, the maps produced by this study are useful for developing plans for sustainable flood management. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091739 Full Text: PD

Bilateral Anterior Ischaemic Optic Neuropathy in a Child on Continuous Peritoneal Dialysis : Case report and literature review

Non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is a serious complication of continuous peritoneal dialysis (CPD) which can lead to poor vision and blindness. We report a five-year-old girl who had undergone a bilateral nephrectomy at the age of one year and was on home CPD. She was referred to the Paediatric Ophthalmology Unit of Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman, in 2013 with acute bilateral vision loss, preceded by a three-day history of poor oral intake. At presentation, the patient had severe systemic hypotension. An ophthalmological examination revealed severe bilateral visual impairment and NAION. She was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone and normal saline boluses. At a five-month follow-up, the visual acuity of the right eye had improved but vision in the left eye remained the same. Acute bilateral blindness due to NAION while on CPD is a rare condition in childhood. Paediatricians should be aware of this complication in order to ensure prompt management.Keywords:

Using Z-scan technique to measure the nonlinear optical properties of PMMA/ZnO nanocomposites

The study of nonlinear optical properties of polymer nanocomposites has been given increasing attention due its application in laser, communication and data storage technology. There is a need to enhance the understanding of all photonics technologies. In the current work, PMMA-ZnO nanocomposites as foils and as thin films have been successfully prepared. Casting method and spin coating were used to prepare them respectively. Nanocomposites were prepared by mixing ZnO nanoparticles with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) as the polymer matrix. Different contents of ZnO nanoparticles were used as the filler in the nanocomposites. The absorbance spectra of the samples were obtained. The linear absorption coefficient was calculated. The nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficient were investigated using a single beam Z-scan technique. A Q-switched Nd-YAG pulsed laser (532 nm, 7 ns, 5 Hz) was used as a light source. Both thin film’s and foil’s samples showed peak absorption at 375 nm and increasing absorption with ZnO nanoparticles concentration. The nonlinear refractive index was in the order of 10-11 cm2/W for thin film samples and 10-12 cm2 /W for foil’s samples with a negative sign. In contrast, the nonlinear absorption coefficient is in the order of 10-6 cm/W and 10-7 cm /W for thin film and foil respectively. The figures of merit W and T were calculated in order to evaluate the suitability of the samples as optical switching device .However; they unsatisfied the requirements of optical switching devices but they can be considered as an excellent candidate for optical limiting

Taguchi L25 (54) approach for methylene blue removal by polyethylene terephthalate nanofiber‐multi‐walled carbon nanotube composite

A membrane composed of polyethylene terephthalate nanofiber and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (PET NF‐MWCNTs) composite is used to adsorb methylene blue (MB) dye from an aqueous solution. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ ray diffraction techniques are employed to study the surface properties of the adsorbent. Several parameters affecting dye adsorption (pH, MB dye initial concentration, PET NF‐MWCNTs dose, and contact time) are optimized for optimal removal efficiency (R, %) by using the Taguchi L25 (54) Orthogonal Array approach. According to the ANOVA results, pH has the highest contributing percentage at 71.01%, suggesting it has the most significant impact on removal efficiency. The adsorbent dose is the second most affected (12.08%), followed by the MB dye initial concentration of 5.91%, and the least affected is the contact time (1.81%). In addition, experimental findings confirm that the Langmuir isotherm is well‐fitted, suggesting a monolayer capping of MB dye on the PET‐NF‐MWCNT surface with a maximum adsorption capacity of 7.047 mg g−1. Also, the kinetic results are well‐suited to the pseudo‐second‐order model. There is a good agreement between the calculated (qe) and experimental values for the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model

Global survey of the roles, satisfaction, and barriers of home healthcare nurses on the provision of palliative care

Background: the World Health Assembly urges members to build palliative care (PC) capacity as an ethical imperative. Nurses provide PC services in a variety of settings, including the home and may be the only health care professional able to access some disparate populations. Identifying current nursing services, resources, and satisfaction and barriers to nursing practice are essential to build global PC capacity. Objective: to globally examine home health care nurses' practice, satisfaction, and barriers, regarding existing palliative home care provision. Design: needs assessment survey. Setting/Subjects: five hundred thirty-two home health care nurses in 29 countries. Measurements: a needs assessment, developed through literature review and cognitive interviewing. Results: nurses from developing countries performed more duties compared with those from high-income countries, suggesting a lack of resources in developing countries. Significant barriers to providing home care exist: personnel shortages, lack of funding and policies, poor access to end-of-life or hospice services, and decreased community awareness of services provided. Respondents identified lack of time, funding, and coverages as primary educational barriers. In-person local meetings and online courses were suggested as strategies to promote learning. Conclusions: it is imperative that home health care nurses have adequate resources to build PC capacity globally, which is so desperately needed. Nurses must be up to date on current evidence and practice within an evidence-based PC framework. Health care policy to increase necessary resources and the development of a multifaceted intervention to facilitate education about PC is indicated to build global capacity

al-Imam al-Sayuti's (d.911H) position on al-maulud al-Nabawi and his critics on al-Fakihani (d.734H) / Ibtisam Abdullah Alharbi

Disertasi ini membincangkan mengenai sikap Imam al-Suyuti terhadap sambutan Maulid Nabi dan kritikan beliau terhadap pandangan Imam al-Fakihani, kemudian menganalisis pandangan beliau secara khusus, dimana Imam al-Suyuti datang jauh kemudian daripada Imam al-Fakihani. Dalam kajian ini penulis membahas perkembangan konsep Maulid Nabi dan latar belakang sejarahnya pada zaman Daulah al-Fatimiah dan perkembangannya sejak zaman Imam al-Fakihani dan Imam al-Suyuti. Dalam menganalisis fenomena ini, penulis menggunakan kaedah analisis perbandingan, iaitu membandingkan dalil-dalil mengenai hukum sambutan Maulid Nabi yang dikemukakan oleh Imam al-Suyuti dan Imam al-Fakihani, serta menganalisis situasi persekitaran pada zaman itu senta alasan-alasan Imam al-Suyuti ya bersikap menentang pandangan Imam al-Fakihani. Penulis telah menemukan beberapa hasil kajian dari usaha menganalisis situasi yang menyebabkan Imam al-Suyuti berbeza pandangan dengan Imam Taj al-Din al-Fakihani mengenai sambutan Maulid Nabi dan kritikan al-Suyuti terhadapnya. Penulis juga mencadangkan untuk membentuk suatu kursus dan institusi demi memperkenalkan watak peribadi Nabi s.a.w. dan mengingatkan kembali sikap keberanian beliau dalam pertempuran dan peperangan serta meneladani kehidupan beliau melalui usaha mencetak buku-buku sirah Nabi, mengadakan ceramah-ceramah dan seminar-seminar

The impact of physician education regarding the importance of providing complete clinical information on the request forms of thrombophilia-screen tests at Tygerberg hospital in South Africa

CITATION: Abdullah, I., Jafta, A. D. & Chapanduka, Z. C. 2020. The impact of physician education regarding the importance of providing complete clinical information on the request forms of thrombophilia-screen tests at Tygerberg hospital in South Africa. PLoS ONE, 15(8):e0235826, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0235826.The original publication is available at https://journals.plos.org/plosone/Publication of this article was funded by the Stellenbosch University Open Access FundBackground: Thrombophilia-screen tests are specialised haemostasis tests that are affected by numerous unique patient variables including the presence of acute thrombosis, the concomitant use of medication and patient demographics. Complete information on the request form is therefore crucial for the haematological pathologist to make patient-specific interpretation of patients’ results. Objectives: To assess the completeness of thrombophilia-screen test request forms and determine the impact of provision of incomplete information, on the interpretive comments generated by reporting haematological pathologists. To assess the impact of an educational session given to clinicians on the importance of providing all the relevant information on the request forms. Method: Two retrospective audits, each covering 3 months, were performed to evaluate the completeness of demographic and clinical information on thrombophilia-screen request forms and its impact on the quality of the interpretive comments before and after an educational intervention. Results: One hundred and seventy-one request forms were included in the first audit and 146 in the second audit. The first audit revealed that all 171 thrombophilia-screen request forms had complete patient demographic information but none had clinical information. Haematological pathologists only made generic comments which could not be applied to a specific patient. The second audit, conducted after a physician educational session, did not reveal any improvement in the clinical information provision by the test-ordering physicians. This was reportedly due to the lack of space on the request form. The interpretive comments therefore remained generic and not patient-specific. Conclusion: Physicians’ failure to provide relevant clinical information made it impossible for pathologists to make patient-specific interpretation of the results. A single physician education session did not change the practice, reportedly due to the inappropriate design of the test request form. Further studies are required to investigate the impact of an improved request form and the planned electronic test requesting.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0235826Publisher's versio