Adsorption Study of Rhodamine –B Dye on Plant (Citrus Leaves)

تتضمن الدراسة الحالية امتزاز صبغة الرودامين B على سطح اوراق النارنج باستخدام تقنية مقياس الأشعة الفوق البنفسجية حيث تم تحديد البيانات الكمية للامتزاز (زمن التلامس، القوة الأيونية، درجة الحموضة، ودرجة الحرارة). تمت دراسة تأثير درجة الحرارة على عملية الامتزاز عند النطاق (25، 35، 45، و55) درجة مئوية حيث أظهرت النتائج بأن عملية امتزاز الرودامين B على مسحوق اوراق النارنج تزداد بزيادة درجة الحرارة مما يدل على أن عملية الأمتزاز عملية ماصة للحرارة. وبأستخدام تراكيز مختلفة من محلول كلوريد الصوديوم تم دراسة تأثير القوة الأيونية على عملية الأمتزاز.فقد ثبت أن زيادة القوة الأيونية تعمل على تحسين كمية أمتزاز رودامين B على أوراق النارنج عند درجات حرارة ثابتة. وأعطت النتائج أن كمية أمتزاز صبغة الرودامين B تزداد بزيادة PH للمحلول في المدى (3-7). ثم خضعت نتائج دراسة الامتزاز لنماذج متساوي الحرارة    Freundlich  , Langmuir و Temkin ، حيث تم تحديد معاملات كلا من Langmuir و  Freundlich و Temkin ، ووجد أن متساوي الامتزازيخضع  إلى متساوي الحرارة . Temkin  ,Freundlich تمت أيضًا دراسة المعاملات  الديناميكية الحرارية (مقدار التغيير في المحتوى الحراري ، ومقدار التغيير في الانتروبيا ومقدار التغيير في الطاقة الحرة لـ Gibbs) ووجد أن النتائج الديناميكية الحرارية لعملية امتزاز صبغة Rhodamine-B على مسحوق أوراق النارنج ماصة للحرارة وعملية الأمتزازعملية تلقائية.The current research includes the adsorption of Rhodmine-B Dye on the surface of Citrus Leaves using the technique of UV. Vis spectrophotometer to determine data of quantitative adsorption at various contact time, ionic strength, PH and temperature conditions. As a function of temperatures 25,35,45,55 0C, the dsorption phenomenon was examined, and the results showed that Rhodamine-B adsorption Citrus leaves rose with increasing temperatures on the surface (endothermic process). Using various NaCl solution concentrations, the effect of ionic strength on adsorption has also been studied. Increasing the importance of ionic strength has been shown to improve the amount of adsorption of Rhodamine-B on citrus leaves at constant temperatures.The quantity of Rh-B dye that was adsorbed on the citrus leaves was increased with increasing the PH of the solution in rang 3-7. Then the results were subjected to the practical results obtained with the use isotherms of the Langmuir, Frendelsh, and Temkin. The results can be shown that the isotherm suitable for adsorption applies to Ferndelsh and Temkin. The thermodynamic functions (the amount of change in enthalpy, the amount of change in entropy and the amount of change in the free energy of Gibbs) were also studied, and it was found that the thermodynamic results of the adsorption process of the Rhodamine-B dye on the powder of citrus leaves are endothermic and an automatic adsorption process

Impact of Crack Length into Pipe Conveying Fluid Utilizing Fast Fourier transform Computer Algorithm

One of the most prominent problems experienced by the oil facilities is leakage of oil from the pipes. This problem caused 55% of oil refineries to be shut off. Oil leakage is a common problem that often results in oil waste, damage, and hazard to public health. Therefore, it is necessary to use Modern technologies to reduce this phenomenon and avoid them in advance. Pipes that convey fluids have many uses in various industries and living facilities. Risk increases when the fluid inside the pipe is flammable. In this work, main case that cause damage to the pipe, longitudinal crack is investigate.This work presents a new experimental model based on computer applications with a Fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm for testing the effect of longitudinal crack length by frequency and ultrasonic measurements to measure fluid velocity. The method is used for plastic pipe with 2 cm internal diameter, 3 cm external diameter, and 1 m length. The modulus of elasticity of the material is 800 N/mm2 according to the ISO 178 test method. The pipe conveys oil with simply supported ends. The results show that FFT model shows better features compared with other ways that depends on visual inspection or localized measurements which gave an external perception of pipeline damage. FFT model offers a reliable and cheap style for ensuring pipeline integrity and warning the risks before its occurrence. From the observations made the fundamental natural frequency (FNF) decreases by increasing of crack length in the pipe that conveys flui

Study of Radon Concentration and Lung Cancer Risk in The Right Area of Shirkatt District

During the summer season, in Shirkatt District and by using time integrated passive radon dosimeters containing (CR-39) plastic radon detectors, indoor radon concentration level and lung cancer risks have been measured in 16 sites. The radon concentration ranged between 50.38 and 212.35 Bq/m3 with an average value 103.98 Bq/m3, which lies within the acceptable radon levels (50-150 Bq/m3) recommended by ICRP. Potential alpha energy concentration was varying from 5.4×10-3 to 22.9×10-3 WLM with average value 17.2×10-3 WLM which corresponds to absorption effective dose equivalent 2.4713 mSvy-1in human, It is observed that this value lies within the recommended levels (3-10 mSvy-1) reported by ICRP. The average lung cancer cases per year per 106person were found to be 44.49, there were no inductions of existence of radon problems in this surve

An Investigation of the Swelling Kinetics of Bentonite Systems Using Particle Size Analysis

Particles size distribution (PSD) is introduced as a tool for analysis of bentonite aggregation and swelling kinetics. Raw Ca-bentonite was purified using a combined wet sieving and sedimentation processes, followed by thermochemical treatment with Na 2 CO 3 to increase its swelling capacity. The detailed analysis of the PSD shows a strong correlation between the PSD and the swelling process. For the chemically treated raw bentonite, PSD revealed two different peaks representing unswelled and swelled particles along with some aggregates. The swelling is shown to be a kinetically controlled process that depends on time, temperature, and bentonite chemical composition. At the beginning of the chemical treatment, the effect of aggregates was more dominant; therefore, the viscosity did not increase much with particle size. However, the combined chemical and thermal treatment has enhanced the Na-activation process and boosted bentonite swelling. The rheological measurements have shown enhancement in the viscosity and confirmed the PSD findings. The same optimal treatment conditions are obtained from both rheological measurements and PSD analysis. A model is developed based on classical reaction rate kinetics and used to describe the conversion from unswelled to swelled particles. The PSD has a strong correlation with the physical properties of the suspension such as the viscosity. The swelling rate fits a second order model with a rate constant, k, in the range 0.002 to 0.124 h 1 and an activation energy, E, of 87 kJ/mol. PSD analysis together with the developed kinetic model are powerful tools for studying the swelling kinetics of bentonites.Scopu

Impact of Al-Najebiya thermal energy power plant on aquatic ecosystem of Garmat Ali canal.

Monthly variations in concentrations of nutrients (nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicates) along with total dissolved solids (TDS) were investigated in Al-Najebiya electricity power generating station (N.S).The study extended from November 1997 to October 1998. Three sites were selected for sampling, based on intake and discharge points. The lowest nitrite value (0.15 µg at. N/L) was encountered in November and the highest (1.37 µg at. N/L) in January. Nitrate (NO3) revealed considerable rise in concentrations near effluent, as well, and the highest (34.95 µg at. N/L) was in August. Maximum value of phosphate (4.75 µg at. P/L) was encountered near the effluent discharging point. Silicate (SiO3) concentration was also distinctly high in this site, the maximum value (201.1 µg at. Si/L) recorded in August. TDS exhibited higher concentrations in sites closer to thermal discharge as well (1675mg/L). No previous ecological, long or short term, work of the type was recorded for the investigated site or any other similar locations in the country.

Impact of Al-Najebiya thermal energy power plant on aquatic ecosystem of Garmat Ali canal.

Monthly variations in concentrations of nutrients (nitrite, nitrate, phosphate and silicates) along with total dissolved solids (TDS) were investigated in Al-Najebiya electricity power generating station (N.S).The study extended from November 1997 to October 1998. Three sites were selected for sampling, based on intake and discharge points. The lowest nitrite value (0.1

Brown macroalgae as bio-indicators for heavy metals pollution of Al-Jubail coastal area of Saudi Arabia

Wastes from both industrial and domestic sources, as well as habitat destruction have a substantial impact on the coastal environments. It causes serious problems in many countries and for several seas and oceans which leads to the extinction of several plant and animal species. Many water resources are no longer suitable for drinking or for agriculture as a result of pollution. The main aim of this study was to investigate the efficiency of four brown macroalage as bioindicators for toxic heavy metals (manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), arsenite (As), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb)) along Al-jubail industrial city coast at Persian Gulf (Saudi Arabia). Brown macroalage samples were collected from three different sites in three time points, January, March and May, 2010. The four collected brown macroalgae were identified as Sargassum angustifolium, Sargassum boveanum, Sargassum latifolium, and Padina gymnospora. The algal samples were cleaned using sea water and distilled water, dried, and the concentrations of various toxic metals were determined. The average concentrations of Mn, Co, Ni and Cd were within the expected limits of un-contaminated areas. However, the results indicate the high level of Zn ion accumulation in all tested brown algae, showing highest concentration in S. angustifolium > P. gymnospora > S. latifolium > S. boveanum with highest Zn concentration of 991 ± 49.1, 988 ± 47.5, 980 ± 44.2, and 911 ± 39.7 µg g-1 dry weights, respectively. In addition, Cu was detected at high concentration of 92.1 ± 3.7 ìg g-1 dry weight in S. boveanum. These results clearly indicate the high pollution levels of Al-jubail industrial city coast with Zn and Cu toxic heavy metals, which is mostly due to uncontrolled disposal of industrial waste into coastal area. Furthermore, the consistency of Zn concentrations in all tested brown algae indicated the efficiency of the tested algae, including P. gymnospora, S. angustifolium, S. latifolium, and S. boveanum, for bioaccumulation and bio-monitoring studies of Zn.Key words: Brown algae, heavy metals, bio-indicators, Sargassum sp., Padina sp

Transmission of Disaster Warnings via Control Channels in Cellular Networks, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2020, nr 4

According to United Nations reports, natural disasters caused, worldwide, approximately 100,000 deaths and affected 175 million people each year between 2004 and 2013. To reduce those numbers, countries around the globe have made specific arrangements enabling them to warn the population about imminent disasters, in order to evacuate the area in due time. But providing such warnings in areas where no Internet access is available poses a great challenge. In this paper, we proposed a method to transmit early warning messages via UMTS cellular networks, while relying on spare extensions of control channels (FACH). The results obtained are validate based on their comparison with theoretical considerations and are also benchmarked against the 3GPP standard. The results show that messages may be sent faster than with the use of the 3GPP standar

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was USD 92 492 million using approach 1 and USD 73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was USD 95 004 million using approach 1 and USD 75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially.publishedVersio

Pediatric brain tumor cancer stem cells: cell cycle dynamics, DNA repair, and etoposide extrusion

Reliable model systems are needed to elucidate the role cancer stem cells (CSCs) play in pediatric brain tumor drug resistance. The majority of studies to date have focused on clinically distinct adult tumors and restricted tumor types. Here, the CSC component of 7 newly established primary pediatric cell lines (2 ependymomas, 2 medulloblastomas, 2 gliomas, and a CNS primitive neuroectodermal tumor) was thoroughly characterized. Comparison of DNA copy number with the original corresponding tumor demonstrated that genomic changes present in the original tumor, typical of that particular tumor type, were retained in culture. In each case, the CSC component was approximately 3–4-fold enriched in neurosphere culture compared with monolayer culture, and a higher capacity for multilineage differentiation was observed for neurosphere-derived cells. DNA content profiles of neurosphere-derived cells expressing the CSC marker nestin demonstrated the presence of cells in all phases of the cell cycle, indicating that not all CSCs are quiescent. Furthermore, neurosphere-derived cells demonstrated an increased resistance to etoposide compared with monolayer-derived cells, having lower initial DNA damage, potentially due to a combination of increased drug extrusion by ATP-binding cassette multidrug transporters and enhanced rates of DNA repair. Finally, orthotopic xenograft models reflecting the tumor of origin were established from these cell lines. In summary, these cell lines and the approach taken provide a robust model system that can be used to develop our understanding of the biology of CSCs in pediatric brain tumors and other cancer types and to preclinically test therapeutic agents