Assessment of Ovarian Function in the Swamp Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis)

Since ovarian function in the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) has received considerable attention, a study was undertaken to: (a) relate ovarian contents to plasma progesterone levels during the oestrous cycle; (b) determine the accuracy of rectal palpation and the plasma progesterone assay for the assessment of ovarian function; and (c) establish the resumption of postpartum ovarian activity. The experimental animals were drawn from a herd of swamp buffaloes, 5-8 years old which had calved between August 1981 and January 1982. For oestrus detection buffaloes were penned and tested daily between 20.00 hrs and 24.00 hrs using a vasectomized buffalo male fitted with a chinball marking device. Ovaries were palpated per rectum or examined by laparoscopy and progesterone levels in plasma were measured by a radioimmunoassay technique. Sixteen cycling buffaloes were subjected to 32 ovarian examinations - laparoscopy and rectal palpation - as well as measurements of plasma progesterone levels. Gross changes in color, size and vasculature permitted the corpus luteum (CL) of the cycle to be graded into four age-dependent categories (CL I-IV) and the rise and fall in plasma progesterone levels reflected the development and regression of the CL. The accuracy of diagnosing ovarian contents by rectal palpation and plasma progesterone levels was determined by examining the ovaries of 68 buffaloes. Thirty-eight (81%) of 47 rectal diagnoses of CL and 26 (90%) of 29 hormonal diagnoses (plasma progesterone levels >0.7 ng/ml of luteal tissue) were confirmed by laparos copy. Seventeen (81%) of 21 rectal diagnoses of no CL and 25 (83%) of 30 hormonal diagnoses of no, luteal tissue were also confirmed. The overall accuracy of diagnosing ovarian function was 81 and 86 percent respectively for rectal palpation and the progesterone assay. Errors were mainly due to the rectal diagnosis of follicles as CL (19%) and the failure of CL to secrete luteal levels of progesterone. Ovarian function in eleven suckled buffaloes were studied from parturition to 150 days postpartum. Plasma progesterone concentrations remained at basal levels during the first 30 days postpartum. An ovulatory cycle was observed in four buffaloes (36%) within 90 days postpartum, in five (45%) between 90 and 150 days postpartum whereas two (18%) animals were acyclic. The intervals from parturition to first ovulation and conception were 89 ± 53 and 112 ± 58 days respectively with an average of 1.4 matings to conceive. Buffaloes with corpora lutea diagnosed by rectal palpation and laparos copy had luteal levels of plasma progesterone. The results of this study showed that rectal palpation should continue as the preferred technique for the diagnosis of ovarian function in the buffalo under field conditions. Progesterone profiles are useful in diagnosing animals which are cycling but not detected in oestrus and animals which are anoestrous or are in early pregnancy. Laparos copy is valuable for a detailed in spection of the ovaries and adnexa. The majority of suckled swamp buffaloes experience a period of postpartum anoestrus of 3 to 4 months duration prior to the resumption of ovarian cyclicity

MEMBANGUN SISTEM NAVIGASI DI SURABAYA MENGGUNAKAN GOOGLE MAPS API

Dijaman modern ini,kecepatan dan keakuratan informasi mengenai lokasi suatu jalan sangatlah penting untuk efisien waktu.Tujuan rancangan adalah membuat suatu perangkat lunak yang dapat memberikan informasi geografis mengenai posisi dan arah perjalanan dari satu tempat ke tempat lain di kota Surabaya. Perancangan dilakukan dengan menggunakan Google Maps API untuk menampilkan peta lokasi di Surabaya. Google Maps merupakan suatu peta yang dapat dilihat dengan menggunakan suatu browser. Cara membuat Google Maps untuk ditampilkan pada suatu web atau blog yaitu dengan membutuhkan pengetahuan mengenai PHP serta JavaScript, serta koneksi Internet yang sangat stabil. Aplikasi sistem navigasi dirancang dan dikembangkan dengan menggunakan bahasa pemograman PHP dan Javascript.Database yang digunakan yaitu MySQL. Dalam menggunakan Google Maps dengan database MySQL kita akan memiliki database lokasi dan halaman WEB yang memungkinkan pengguna memasukkan alamat dan melihat marker pada peta untuk lokasi dalam batasan jarak yang dipilih. Keyword :Google Maps API,PHP,JavaScript,MySQL

A Study of Ġarīb in the Qurʼān Over a Period of Ten Centuries, Fom 213 To 1182 AH

The Qur’an was sent bi lisānin ‘arabiyin mubīnin (Q. 26:195) ‘in clear Arabic’ to explain to people matters of religion. Arabs from multiple tribes all over Arabia, and some non- Arabs accepted Islam. Some words of the Qur’an were found to be difficult to understand. These became known as ġarīb al-qur’an. Some Companions asked about the meanings of some such words and the numbers of words so described increased with time and the spread of Islam. Scholars began to isolate such words and explain their meanings. Thus, the genre of ġarīb al-Qur’an became established and continued to accumulate. The reasons suggested for the appearance of such words are various. Some seemed difficult because words have various meanings, depending on their context; some words had their origins in other languages, and others were used by some Arab tribes in localized meanings and seemed unfamiliar to readers of other tribes. In the present work consisting of six chapters, I have surveyed the most important works of ġarīb, investigated how the words of the Qur’an have been identified as ġarīb and the criteria for identifying them. Specifically, in this study, all words identified over ten centuries as being ġarīb were collected and divided into five different categories, namely, (i) words agreed upon as being ġarīb by six scholars, (ii) words agreed upon as being ġarīb by seven scholars, (iii) words agreed upon as being ġarīb by eight scholars, (iv) words agreed upon as being ġarīb by nine scholars and, (v) words agreed upon as being ġarīb by ten scholars. a sufficient sample from these categories was studied and analysed in more depth. In conclusion, identification was made of at least seven reasons for classification as ġarīb: rarity, homonymy, morphology, peculiar style, differences in usage, confusion with other words, different levels of expertise among the classifying scholars. It is hoped that this study gives a clear picture of the important field of ġarīb al-Qur’an

The Impact of Green Open Spaces Changes on Temperature and Humidity and the Livable City Index of Banda Aceh

Construction of physical infrastructure resulted in reducing vegetation cover land. This problem has an impact on weather conditions, namely temperature and humidity, and the index of comfort for the citizens of the city. This study aims to find out (1) Changes in Open Space City of Banda Aceh for five years, from 2012 - 2017; (2) the connection between temperature and RTH relative humidity; (3) Comfort index based on the Temperature Humadity Index (THI) in the city of Banda Aceh; and (4) Comfort index based on the adequacy of green open space. The research method uses a quantitative approach. Sources of research data are Landsat Remote Sensing imagery and field measurements for temperature and humidity data. Data is processed by using GIS, product moment correlation analysis, determine the comfort index using the Temperature Humadity Index (THI) formula. Additionally, based on the results of data processing, it was concluded that (1) there was a reduction in green open space of 299 ha for five years in Banda Aceh, only Syiah Kuala District had a proportional open space area; (2) The correlation coefficient between temperature and relative humidity is -0.78 or in the strong category; (3) Comfort index based on THI Banda Aceh in the uncomfortable category; and (4) the lowest RTH with THI is 28.1 in Hutan Kota Trembesi, Jaya Baru District, while the highest THI RTH is 30.8 in Blang Padang Field, Baiturrahman District

Earnings and Balance Sheet Conservatism in Malaysia

The objective of this paper is to examine the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on both earnings and balance sheet conservatism in Malaysia. Earnings conservatism has been used extensively in common-law countries such as the United States (US) and the United Kingdom (UK), which are known to have good financial reporting quality. In contrast balance sheet conservatism is more evident in code-law countries such as Japan and France, where accounting practice is highly influenced by the institutional culture similar to Malaysia such as political connection and family-firms. Since Malaysia uses international accounting standards adopted from common-law countries, we hypothesise that earnings conservatism will increase whereas balance sheet conservatism will decrease after the incorporation of IFRS in the financial reporting environment. Consistent with the hypothesis, we find that earnings conservatism and balance sheet conservatism increase and decrease respectively after Malaysia's convergence to IFRS. The results indicate that Malaysia has successfully adopted IFRS from common-law countries as earning conservatism increase after IFRS convergence

Institutional factors and conditional conservatism in Malaysia: Does international financial reporting standards convergence matter?

We examine the impact of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) convergence on conditional conservatism in Malaysia. In addition, we examine the influence of various institutional factors, namely, political connections, Bumiputras directors, family firms and richest-men connections on conservatism. Prior literature presents evidence of IFRS convergence on conservatism, but limited evidence exists on the role of institutional factors on conservatism. Using a sample of 1760 firm-year observations from 2004 to 2008, we provide evidence that IFRS enhances conservatism. Firms with Bumiputras directors and family firms are more conservative post-IFRS convergence, whereas the reverse behaviour results for firms with richest-men connections. We find no evidence of politically connected firms being more conservative post-IFRS convergence. Our study provides knowledge on the role of IFRS in conditional conservatism and the role of institutional factors in this relationship

Surface plasmon resonance study on the characteristics of a conducting polymer ultra-thin film

The optical properties of an ultra-thin conducting polymer film was investigated using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) reflectometry system consisting of 2 mW He-Ne 632.8nm solid state laser. Real part of the complex permittivity decreases with thickness, but remains between 2.0-3.0 for films thicker than 30 nm. Exposure to HCl vapour is expected to increase conductivity. Shifting and shallowing of SPR curves with the length of exposure to HCl exhibit increase in conducting properties