Paramater on Maternal Delivery Referral Process

Introduction: The rate of maternal mortality in Indonesia according to 2002–2003 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) was 307 per 100,000 live births. The direct causes of maternal deaths, among others, are prolonged labor, hemorrhage, infection, and preeclampsia. Referral system includes referring responsibility to better facilitated healthcare sites to obtain more adequate services. However, maternal referral process in Banjar District still faces some problems such as referral health providers with inadequate skills of handling emergency cases, insufficient means of transportation, and no referral letter or partograph. Usually, when referred, the pregnant woman is only accompanied by her family so that she is brought to the referral site without being equipped with infusion. The objective of the study was to evaluate the parameter of maternal delivery referral in Ratu Zalekha Martapura District Hospital. Method: This study used observational study with a cross-sectional study design using quantitative and qualitative approaches. Samples were 107 delivering women referred to hospitals selected with non probability sampling. Data were analyzed with Chi-square (χ) and logistic regression test. Result: Quality maternal referral process resulted in healthy women 78.8%. Post delivery women's health was greater in quality maternal referral process (RP = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.28–3.52). Normal delivery had an opportunity towards post delivery women's health (RP = 1.6; 95% CI = 1.13–2.20). In addition, time needed to reach the referral sites and referral birth attendants were significantly associated with maternal referral process (p = 0.002 and p = 0.002). Meanwhile, women's condition when referred was insignificant statistically. Discussion: Quality maternal referral process could likely improve post delivery women's health.Normal delivery affected the women's health condition

An Analytical Two Resistance Mass Transfer Model for Dye Adsorption on Bagasse Pith

The adsorption of fOUr dyes, namely, Basic Blue 69, Basic Red 22, Acid Blue 25 and Acid Red 114, onto bagasse pith has been studied. A mass transfer model, based on external mass transport and p01-e diffusion, has been used to correlate experimental and theoretical concentration versus time data. The model is an analytical solution which may be applied to adsorption systems in which the operating line and tie lines all terminate on the saturation plateau of the equilibrium isothenn. A single external mass transfer coefficient and a single p01'e diffusion coefficient were sufficient to describe each sytem fOT several initial dye concentrations and several pith masses. The external coefficient were 9.0 x 1(F3, 8.0 x 1(F3, 1.0 x 1(F3 and 1.5 x 10J cm S·I, the pOTe diffusivities were 5.5 x 1(F", 2.5 x 1(F", 2.2 x 1(F7 and 4.5 x l(Fi cm2 S·l for Basic Blue 69, Basic Red 22, Acid Blue 25 and Acid Red 114, respectively

Interpregnancy interval and the risk of preterm birth: a case-control study of infants born at Al-sadaqa general teaching hospital, Aden, Yemen

Background: Interpregnancy interval (IPI) is a known risk factor for preterm birth. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between IPI and spontaneous preterm birth, and to identify the influence of confounding variables such as socioeconomic status, maternal age, and reproductive history.Methods: This is a hospital-based, case-control study conducted in the department of neonatology, Al-Sadaqa General Teaching Hospital, Aden, during June to September 2011. A case was defined as infant born spontaneously before 37 weeks of gestation and control was a next eligible infant born between 37-42 complete weeks of gestation. Comparison between groups was assessed by statistical analysis and odds ratio were calculated for confounding factors.Results: A total of 100 preterm (cases) and 100 full-term (controls) infants were evaluated for the effects of IPI. Intervals of both <12 months and 12-˂24 months were significantly associated with preterm births compared to control (37% vs 12% and 73% vs 46% respectively, all p<0.05). The risk of preterm birth was higher in association with low number of antenatal care visits (OR=10, 95% CI=1.62-61.46, p=0.018), younger women’s age (OR=8, 95% CI= 1.35-8.4, p=0.001), non-educated mother (OR=7.92, 95% CI=2.49-25.22, p=0.002) and gravid 2-3 (OR=6.5, 95% CI= 5.06-53.8, p=0.001). Significant risk was also observed among mother with low socio-economic status and residents of rural areas (all p<0.05).Conclusions: Short IPI is significant risk factors for preterm birth. This highlights the importance of counseling women in childbearing age to wait at least 24 months between delivery and subsequent conception

Dual-Band Bandpass Filter with Dumbbell Shaped Defective Ground Structure

A dumbbell shaped defective ground structure (DGS) is implemented to improve the performance of an existing dual-band bandpass filter topology. The filter design is based on parallel-coupled lines connected to matched transmission lines. Various positions and dimensions of dumbbell DGSs are implemented and their effects on the filter performance are investigated. It is found that the utilisation of dumbbell shaped DGSs in this topology improve the steepness of the responses for the first and second passbands with centre frequencies of 1.365 and 2.932 GHz respectively. The optimised dimensions of the DGS are 5 x 5 mm2 for both its rectangular slots connected by a 0.5 mm narrow slot width. The optimised positions of the DGSs are located at the centre and the edges of the parallel-coupled lines. The simulated and measured results of the filter are analysed and discussed in this paper

Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP)-Based Nonlinear Auto-Regressive with Exogenous Inputs (NARX) Stock Forecasting Model

The prediction of stocks in the stock market is important in investment as it would help the investor to time buy and sell transactions to maximize profits. In this paper, a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP)-based Nonlinear Auto-Regressive with Exogenous Inputs (NARX) model was used to predict the prices of the Apple Inc. weekly stock prices over a time horizon of 1995 to 2013. The NARX model belongs is a system identification model that constructs a mathematical model from the dynamic input/output readings of the system, and predicts the future behaviour of the system based on the constructed mathematical model. The One Step Ahead (OSA) and correlation tests were used to test validate the model. Results demonstrate the predictive ability of the model while producing Gaussian residuals (indicating the validity of the model)

Target Localization in MIMO OFDM Radars Adopting Adaptive Power Allocation among Selected Sub-Carriers

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar has been introduced to enhance the performance of classical radar systems. Nevertheless, radar cross sections (RCS) fluctuations remains a known problem in radars. Target localization using narrowband signal produces reduced accuracy due to RCS fluctuations. One of the solution to this problem is utilization of frequency diversity of wideband signal. This paper presents target localization in MIMO radars using an adaptive orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform for effective frequency diversity utilization. Each transmitting antenna transmits an OFDM signal in different time slots and received by the each receiving antenna in the receiver array. A joint direction-of-departure (DOD) and direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation scheme is applied to each of the OFDM sub-carrier using two-way multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm. The estimation results at each sub-carrier are combined based on majority decision using angle histogram (non-parametric approach) to formulate the final wideband angle estimation. In addition, an adaptive power allocation among the sub-carriers is implemented, where the system evaluates the signal quality at each sub-carrier and consequently formulates a feedback to the MIMO transmitting side. The following transmission will comprise of OFDM waveform that focuses the transmit power at selected sub-carriers only. The sub-carrier selection is based on singular values obtained from singular value decomposition operation at each of the sub-carrier. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated through numerical simulations as well as validation by experiments in a radio anechoic chamber. It was demonstrated that the usage of larger number of sub-carriers improves the angle estimation accuracy

Structural dynamic analysis of a frame structure with different sets of bolted joints

A-frame structure is prevalent as an engineering structure as it is considered as the foundation for many other structures such as buildings, vehicles, communication towers and others. The study on frame structure has gained a lot of interest in the field of material application, stability, joints application and many other topics. This study aims to investigate the modal behaviour of a frame structure with different sets of bolted joints, materials and also different boundary conditions.The frame structure was put under different boundary conditions and the structure was modelled by incorporating different sets of bolts. The effect of the changes towards the modal behavior (natural frequencies and mode shapes) was analysed. The modal analysis was conducted computationally by using the finite element software package MSC. Natran/Patran in normal modes analysis (SOL103). From the analysis, it was found that the frame structure under free-free boundary conditions produced lower natural frequencies than the structure with fixed at the bottom. The value of natural frequencies also is lower when single bolt was assigned at each of the joint location on the frame structure compare to when the bolts were doubled at joint area. Other than that, between free-free and fixed-free boundary condition, fixed-free is more rigid than free-free condition and for extra rigidity of frame structures, double bolted model is better than single bolted. From the results, the better idea in order to make frame structure is by made up of steel, double bolted it and make it fixed-free condition

The effect of changing disk parameters on whirling frequency of high speed rotor system

The requirement for efficiency improvement of machines has caused machine rotor to be designed to rotate at high speeds. It is known that whirling natural frequency of a shaft changes with the change of shaft speed and the design needs to avoid points of resonance where the whirling frequency equals the shaft speed. At high speeds, a shaft may have to carry a huge torque along and this torsional effect has been neglected in past shaft analyses. Whirling behaviour of high speed rotating shaft is investigated in this study with consideration of the torsional effect of the shaft. The shaft system under study consists of a shaft, discs and two bearings, and the focus is on the effect of the disc parameters. A finite element formulation is developed based on Nelson's 5 degrees of freedom (DOF) per node element that includes the torsional degree of freedom. Bolotin's method is applied to the derived Mathieu-Hill type of equation to get quadratic eigenvalues problem that gives the forward and backward frequencies of the shaft. Campbell's diagrams are drawn in studying the effect of discs on the whirling behaviour of the shaft. It is found that the addition of disks on the shaft decreases the whirling frequency of the shaft and the frequency is lower for mass located at the centre of the shaft compared to the one located near to the end. The effect of torsional motion is found to be significant where the difference between critical speed of 4DOF and 5DOF models can be as high as 15%

The potential use of service-oriented infrastructure framework to enable transparent vertical scalability of cloud computing infrastructure

Cloud computing technology has become familiar to most Internet users. Subsequently, there has been an increased growth in the use of cloud computing, including Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). To ensure that IaaS can easily meet the growing demand, IaaS providers usually increase the capacity of their facilities in a vertical IaaS increase capability and the capacity for local IaaS amenities such as increasing the number of servers, storage and network bandwidth. However, at the same time, horizontal scalability is sometimes not enough and requires additional strategies to ensure that the large number of IaaS service requests can be met. Therefore, strategies requiring horizontal scalability are more complex than the vertical scalability strategies because they involve the interaction of more than one facility at different service centers. To reduce the complexity of the implementation of the horizontal scalability of the IaaS infrastructures, the use of a technology service oriented infrastructure is recommended to ensure that the interaction between two or more different service centers can be done more simply and easily even though it is likely to involve a wide range of communication technologies and different cloud computing management. This is because the service oriented infrastructure acts as a middle man that translates and processes interactions and protocols of different cloud computing infrastructures without the modification of the complex to ensure horizontal scalability can be run easily and smoothly. This paper presents the potential of using a service-oriented infrastructure framework to enable transparent vertical scalability of cloud computing infrastructures by adapting three projects in this research: SLA@SOI consortium, Open Cloud Computing Interface (OCCI), and OpenStack