Effect of Alcoholic Leaf Extract of Hellotropium Earopiam on the Levels of Testosterone , Prolactin ,TSH ,T3 and T4 Hormones in Blood of Male Albino Rats Exposed to Oxidative Stress by H2O2

The current study aimed to compare the effects of alcoholic leaf extract of Heliotropium europiam and Vit. C as antioxidants on levels of Testosterone (testo) , Prolactin(PRL) ,TSH ,T3,T4 hormones in blood of adult albino male rats exposed to oxidativ  stress by hydrogen peroxide (0.5%) in the drinking water throughout (30) days. For the purpose of the study preliminary experiments were carred out yo find the most effective dose of plant extracts and it was found that (300mg /  kg).. Rats (3-4 months)age and (250±285g) weights were distributed randomly into five groups each group included five rats as follows: control group, H2O2 group, H2O2+ Heliotropium europiam alcoholic leaf extract group, H2O2+ Vit. C group, H2O2+ Heliotropium europiam alcoholic leaf extract+Vit.C group. The plant extract of leaves as (300) mg / kg and Vit.C (250) mgkg of body weight in a single daily dose.The results of the statistical analysis shwed that the animals exposed to stress oxidative mediated by hydrogen peroxide led to a significant decrease (p ?0.05) in the levels of testo. and RRLand T3 and non significant difference in the  TSH and T4 levels when compared with control.  The treatment with H2O2+ plant extract shwed  asignificant increase in the testo. level and a significant decrease in T3 andT4 levels, and lack of significant difference in the levels of PRL and TSH, while the treatmen of group H2O2+Vit.C led to asignificant increase in testo., PRLand TSH and a significant decrease inT3 andT4.While the group exposed to stress and treated with plant extract and Vit.C showed asignificant increase in testo. And PRL levels and significant decrease in TSH and T4 with non significant difference in the T3 level when  comparedwith  hydrogen peroxide group. Keywords : Hellotropium earopiam, H2O2, Free racicals, oxidative stress Testosterone ,    Prolactin ,TSH

Impact of Conditional Cash Transfers and Remittances on Credit Market Outcomes in Rural Nicaragua

The impact of public and private transfers on credit markets has not been sufficiently studied and understanding any spill over effects caused by these transfers may be useful for policy makers. This paper estimates the impact of Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) and remittances received by poor households in rural Nicaragua on their decision to request a loan. We find that, on average, CCTs did not affect the request of credit while remittances increased it, controlling for potential endogeneity. We argue the reduction in income risk provided by remittances changes borrowers’ expected marginal returns to a loan and/or their creditworthiness, as perceived by lenders. The successful enforcement of the use of CCTs on long-term investments seems to have avoided externalities on the use of short-term credit these households have access to and their creditworthiness.International Development, D14, F22, O15,

Effects of mannose, fructose, and fucose on the structure, stability, and hydration of lysozyme in aqueous solution

The bio-protective properties of monosaccharaides, namely mannose, fructose and fucose, on the stability and dynamical properties of the NMR determined hen egg-white lysozyme structure have been investigated by means of molecular dynamics simulations at room temperature in aqueous solution and in 7 and 13 wt % concentrations of the three sugars. Results are discussed in the framework of the bio-protective phenomena. The three sugars show similar bio-protective behaviours at room temperature (300 K) in the concentration range studied as shown by the small RMSDs of the resulting MD structures from that of starting NMR structure. The effects of sugars on protein conformation are found to be relatively strong in that the conformation of lysozyme is stable after an initial 9 ns equilibration for fucose and mannose and 12 ns equilibration for fructose, respectively, at high concentrations. For mannose the final RMSD is significantly smaller than that of fucose and fructose at the higher concentration, while at the lower concentration the RMSD are essentially the same. The radial distribution function of the water and sugars around lysozyme was used to monito

Diabete African en France

Introduction: Le diabète africain ou diabète atypique désigne un type spécifique de diabète présentant au départ des stigmates d’un diabète de type 1 mais dont l’évolution ultérieure se fait vers un diabète de type 2 avec la possibilité d’une longue phase de rémission. Nous discuterons dans cet article a travers un cas clinique chez un sujet d’origine africaine, des spécificités diagnostiques, métaboliques, physiopathologiques et prise en charge de ce type de diabète. Patients et méthodes : Il s’agit d’une observation clinique particulière d’un patient d’origine africaine vivant en France ayant un diabète atypique. Cas clinique : Patient, âgée de 33 ans, a été hospitalisé pour une acidocétose diabétique. Il a une hérédité familiale de diabète de type 2, un surpoids (IMC = 28,73 Kg/m2). Une insulinothérapie a été instaurée. Le bilan étiologique de cette décompensation métabolique et la recherche de d’anticorps anti-GAD et anti-IA2 sont négatifs. Après 3 mois d’insulinothérapie, on obtient un équilibre glycémique satisfaisant marqué par une HbA1c à 7 % et un peptide C remonté à 300 pmol/l (pour une GV à 1,09g/l). Au bilan du 6 mois, le patient présente un parfait équilibre glycémique (HbA1C : 6,4 %), avec un peptide C qui s’est normalisé à 870 pmol/l (pour une GV à 1,29g/l). C’est qui a permis de proposer l’arrêt de l’insulinothérapie malheureusement récusé par le patient pour des raisons sociales. Aucune anomalie n’a été objectivée au fond de l’œil, ni à l’électro-cardiogramme, ni à l’évaluation de la fonction rénale (Clairance de créatinine normale par MDRD et micro-albuminurie négative). Ce tableau clinique illustre un cas de diabète africain. Il s’agit d’une expression clinique proche du diabète de type 1 (DT1) mais se caractérise par une rémission, plus lente que la lune de miel dans le DT1, avec une absence de stigmates d’auto-immunité. Il est considéré comme diabète atypique ou de type 1 idiopathique. Discussion /Conclusion : Ce type de diabète évoque plusieurs hypothèses physiopathologiques. L’équilibre glycémique est rapidement obtenu sous insulinothérapie, avec possibilité de réémission.   African diabetes or atypical diabetes refers to a specific type of diabetes that initially presents with the stigma of type 1 diabetes but later progresses to type 2 diabetes with the possibility of a long remission phase. We will discuss in this article, through a clinical case in a subject of African origin, the diagnostic, metabolic, physiopathological and management specificities of this type of diabetes. Patients and methods: This is a particular clinical observation of a patient of African origin living in France with atypical diabetes. Clinical case: Patient, aged 33 years, was hospitalized for diabetic ketoacidosis. He had a family history of type 2 diabetes, was overweight (BMI = 28.73 Kg/m2). Insulin therapy was initiated. The etiological assessment of this metabolic decompensation and the search for anti-GAD and anti-IA2 antibodies were negative. After 3 months of insulin therapy, a satisfactory glycemic balance was obtained, marked by an HbA1c of 7% and a C-peptide of 300 pmol/l (for a GV of 1.09 g/l). At the 6-month check-up, the patient had perfect glycemic control (HbA1C: 6.4%), with a C-peptide that had normalized to 870 pmol/l (for a GV of 1.29g/l). This was the reason for proposing the discontinuation of insulin therapy, which was unfortunately rejected by the patient for social reasons. No abnormality was observed on the fundus, electrocardiogram or renal function tests (normal creatinine clearance by MDRD and negative microalbuminuria). This clinical picture illustrates a case of African diabetes. It is a clinical expression close to type 1 diabetes (T1DM) but is characterized by a remission, slower than the honeymoon in T1DM, with an absence of autoimmune stigma. It is considered atypical or idiopathic type 1 diabetes. Discussion/Conclusion : This type of diabetes raises several pathophysiological hypotheses. Glycemic control is rapidly obtained with insulin therapy, with the possibility of re-emission

Diabete African en France

Introduction: Le diabète africain ou diabète atypique désigne un type spécifique de diabète présentant au départ des stigmates d’un diabète de type 1 mais dont l’évolution ultérieure se fait vers un diabète de type 2 avec la possibilité d’une longue phase de rémission. Nous discuterons dans cet article a travers un cas clinique chez un sujet d’origine africaine, des spécificités diagnostiques, métaboliques, physiopathologiques et prise en charge de ce type de diabète. Patients et méthodes : Il s’agit d’une observation clinique particulière d’un patient d’origine africaine vivant en France ayant un diabète atypique. Cas clinique : Patient, âgée de 33 ans, a été hospitalisé pour une acidocétose diabétique. Il a une hérédité familiale de diabète de type 2, un surpoids (IMC = 28,73 Kg/m2). Une insulinothérapie a été instaurée. Le bilan étiologique de cette décompensation métabolique et la recherche de d’anticorps anti-GAD et anti-IA2 sont négatifs. Après 3 mois d’insulinothérapie, on obtient un équilibre glycémique satisfaisant marqué par une HbA1c à 7 % et un peptide C remonté à 300 pmol/l (pour une GV à 1,09g/l). Au bilan du 6 mois, le patient présente un parfait équilibre glycémique (HbA1C : 6,4 %), avec un peptide C qui s’est normalisé à 870 pmol/l (pour une GV à 1,29g/l). C’est qui a permis de proposer l’arrêt de l’insulinothérapie malheureusement récusé par le patient pour des raisons sociales. Aucune anomalie n’a été objectivée au fond de l’œil, ni à l’électro-cardiogramme, ni à l’évaluation de la fonction rénale (Clairance de créatinine normale par MDRD et micro-albuminurie négative). Ce tableau clinique illustre un cas de diabète africain. Il s’agit d’une expression clinique proche du diabète de type 1 (DT1) mais se caractérise par une rémission, plus lente que la lune de miel dans le DT1, avec une absence de stigmates d’auto-immunité. Il est considéré comme diabète atypique ou de type 1 idiopathique. Discussion /Conclusion : Ce type de diabète évoque plusieurs hypothèses physiopathologiques. L’équilibre glycémique est rapidement obtenu sous insulinothérapie, avec possibilité de réémission.   African diabetes or atypical diabetes refers to a specific type of diabetes that initially presents with the stigma of type 1 diabetes but later progresses to type 2 diabetes with the possibility of a long remission phase. We will discuss in this article, through a clinical case in a subject of African origin, the diagnostic, metabolic, physiopathological and management specificities of this type of diabetes. Patients and methods: This is a particular clinical observation of a patient of African origin living in France with atypical diabetes. Clinical case: Patient, aged 33 years, was hospitalized for diabetic ketoacidosis. He had a family history of type 2 diabetes, was overweight (BMI = 28.73 Kg/m2). Insulin therapy was initiated. The etiological assessment of this metabolic decompensation and the search for anti-GAD and anti-IA2 antibodies were negative. After 3 months of insulin therapy, a satisfactory glycemic balance was obtained, marked by an HbA1c of 7% and a C-peptide of 300 pmol/l (for a GV of 1.09 g/l). At the 6-month check-up, the patient had perfect glycemic control (HbA1C: 6.4%), with a C-peptide that had normalized to 870 pmol/l (for a GV of 1.29g/l). This was the reason for proposing the discontinuation of insulin therapy, which was unfortunately rejected by the patient for social reasons. No abnormality was observed on the fundus, electrocardiogram or renal function tests (normal creatinine clearance by MDRD and negative microalbuminuria). This clinical picture illustrates a case of African diabetes. It is a clinical expression close to type 1 diabetes (T1DM) but is characterized by a remission, slower than the honeymoon in T1DM, with an absence of autoimmune stigma. It is considered atypical or idiopathic type 1 diabetes. Discussion/Conclusion : This type of diabetes raises several pathophysiological hypotheses. Glycemic control is rapidly obtained with insulin therapy, with the possibility of re-emission

Effective Field Theory Program for Conformal Quantum Anomalies

The emergence of conformal states is established for any problem involving a domain of scales where the long-range, SO(2,1) conformally invariant interaction is applicable. Whenever a clear-cut separation of ultraviolet and infrared cutoffs is in place, this renormalization mechanism produces binding in the strong-coupling regime. A realization of this phenomenon, in the form of dipole-bound anions, is discussed.Comment: 15 pages. Expanded, with additional calculational details. To be published in Phys. Rev.

Existence and asymptotic behavior of solutions for neutral stochastic partial integrodifferential equations with infinite delays

In this work we study the existence, uniqueness and asymptotic behavior of mild solutions for neutral stochastic partial integrodifferential equations with infinite delays. To prove the results, we use the theory of resolvent operators as developed by R. Grimmer [12] R. Grimmer. Resolvent operators for integral equations in a banach space. Transactions of the American Mathematical Society, 273(1): 333-349, 1982, as well as a version of the fixed point principle. We establish sufficient conditions ensuring that the mild solutions are exponentially stable in pth-moment. An example is provided to illustrate the abstract results.Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo RegionalMinisterio de Economía y CompetitividadConsejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa (Junta de Andalucía

Generalised ballooning theory of two-dimensional tokamak modes

In this work, using solutions from a local gyrokinetic flux-tube code combined with higher order ballooning theory, a new analytical approach is developed to reconstruct the global linear mode structure with associated global mode frequency. In addition to the isolated mode (IM), which usually peaks on the outboard mid-plane, the higher order ballooning theory has also captured other types of less unstable global modes: (a) the weakly asymmetric ballooning theory (WABT) predicts a mixed mode (MM) that undergoes a small poloidal shift away from the outboard mid-plane, (b) a relatively more stable general mode (GM) balloons on the top (or bottom) of the tokamak plasma. In this paper, an analytic approach is developed to combine these disconnected analytical limits into a single generalised ballooning theory. This is used to investigate how an IM behaves under the effect of sheared toroidal flow. For small values of flow an IM initially converts into a MM where the results of WABT are recaptured, and eventually, as the flow increases, the mode asymptotically becomes a GM on the top (or bottom) of the plasma. This may be an ingredient in models for understanding why in some experimental scenarios, instead of large edge localised modes (ELMs), small ELMs are observed. Finally, our theory can have other important consequences, especially for calculations involving Reynolds stress driven intrinsic rotation through the radial asymmetry in the global mode structures. Understanding the intrinsic rotation is significant because external torque in a plasma the size of ITER is expected to be relatively low

Positron-molecule interactions: resonant attachment, annihilation, and bound states

This article presents an overview of current understanding of the interaction of low-energy positrons with molecules with emphasis on resonances, positron attachment and annihilation. Annihilation rates measured as a function of positron energy reveal the presence of vibrational Feshbach resonances (VFR) for many polyatomic molecules. These resonances lead to strong enhancement of the annihilation rates. They also provide evidence that positrons bind to many molecular species. A quantitative theory of VFR-mediated attachment to small molecules is presented. It is tested successfully for selected molecules (e.g., methyl halides and methanol) where all modes couple to the positron continuum. Combination and overtone resonances are observed and their role is elucidated. In larger molecules, annihilation rates from VFR far exceed those explicable on the basis of single-mode resonances. These enhancements increase rapidly with the number of vibrational degrees of freedom. While the details are as yet unclear, intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution to states that do not couple directly to the positron continuum appears to be responsible for these enhanced annihilation rates. Downshifts of the VFR from the vibrational mode energies have provided binding energies for thirty species. Their dependence upon molecular parameters and their relationship to positron-atom and positron-molecule binding energy calculations are discussed. Feshbach resonances and positron binding to molecules are compared with the analogous electron-molecule (negative ion) cases. The relationship of VFR-mediated annihilation to other phenomena such as Doppler-broadening of the gamma-ray annihilation spectra, annihilation of thermalized positrons in gases, and annihilation-induced fragmentation of molecules is discussed.Comment: 50 pages, 40 figure

Undergraduate students' motivational profiles before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of educational climate and trait self-control

Background Universities faced important and sudden changes following the lockdown measures imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Traditional educational practices were disrupted as campuses were closed while distance learning was hastily adopted. Aims This study documents the evolution of university students' autonomous and controlled motivation for their studies following campus closures by relying on a person-centred perspective. More specifically, it examines motivation profiles and their temporal stability across two time points taken before and during the pandemic, while also considering the role of educational climate, trait self-control and control variables (sex and age) as predictors of profile membership. Sample A total of 1940 university students participated in this study by responding to online questionnaires at two time points, before (Time 1) and after (Time 2) the pandemic. Methods We relied on latent profile and latent transition analyses to estimate motivation profiles, their temporal stability and their predictors. Results A four-profile solution (Self-Determined, Moderately Motivated, Extrinsically Motivated, Amotivated) was selected and replicated at both time points. We observed a low degree of variability in profile membership over time, especially for the Amotivated profile. A need-supportive educational climate and trait self-control consistently predicted a greater likelihood of membership into more adaptative profiles (Self-Determined, Moderately Motivated). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic did not drastically change the motivational profiles of university students. Nevertheless, educational climate and self-control appeared to ‘protect’ students against the endorsement of more problematic motivation profiles both before and during the pandemic, making them important targets for intervention. -- Keywords : academic motivation ; COVID-19 ; educational climate ; latent transition analysis ; self-control ; University Students