9 research outputs found
IOT Devices in Healthcare: Vulnerabilities, Threats and Mitigations
Internet of things has been a dream for many people in the beginning of the internet, today IOT devices are in every sector, healthcare being a major player because of the benefits as quality care for patients and easing the work for providers but on the other hand, it poses security threats to the patients and organizations, it is imperative to point out the best way to balance between the risks and opportunities that IOT creates for the sector; in this research, vulnerabilities and prior studies as well as ways to fix these weaknesses will be presented, it is also worth noting that due to the length of IOT vulnerabilities, the common ones will be discussed
Pelko pois! : Kokemuksia yksin maahan tulleiden afganistanilaispoikien kotouttavasta kulttuuri-toiminnasta
OpinnÀytetyön tilaajana toimi A-KlinikkasÀÀtiö ja kohderyhmÀnÀ tilaajan yllÀpitÀmÀn pÀÀkaupunkiseudun tukiasumisyksikön asukkaat. TukiasumisyksikössÀ asuvat alaikÀiset, ilman vanhempia maahan tulleet afganistanilaiset pojat.Yksin maahan tulleilla pojat elÀvÀt kahden kulttuurin vÀlissÀ, jatkuvassa huolessa, toisaalta omasta perheestÀÀn kotimaassaan, toisaalta omasta tulevaisuudestaan Suomessa.
Poikien arki on pysÀhtynyttÀ ja jatkuvaa viranomaisten kanssa asioimista. Poliisin kanssa asioiminen on pojista arveluttavaa, sillÀ kotimaassaan ja paperittomana pakolaisena heillÀ on vain huonoja kokemuksia virkavallasta. YstÀviÀ ei vÀlttÀmÀttÀ juuri ole. NÀimme tarpeen poikien arjessa kotouttavalle kulttuuritoiminnalle.
JÀrjestimme Kulttuurikeskus Caisassa afganistanilaisen ruoan ja musiikin illan, johon kutsuttiin afganistanilaisia alaikÀisiÀ turvapaikanhakijoita yhteensÀ kymmenestÀ eri vastaanottokeskuksesta. Ohjaajien lisÀksi tapahtuma tavoitti lÀhemmÀs 200 henkilöÀ. LisÀksi jÀrjestimme tilaajamme nuorille luontoretken Vallisaareen ja Suomenlinnaan, jossa he pÀÀsivÀt tutustumaan Suomen luontoon ja vanhoihin elÀmÀntapoihin kuvakorttibingon avulla. Retkelle osallistui 15 nuorta.
MenetelmÀnÀ tÀssÀ opinnÀytetyössÀ on kÀytetty kokeilevaa toimintaa ja osallistuvaa havainnointia. Toiminnan onnistumista on analysoitu havainnoinnin lisÀksi haastattelemalla. Tapahtumista on tuotettu video ja kuvamateriaalia tilaajan kÀytettÀvÀksi.
Toimintakokeilumme osoittivat, ettÀ pojat nauttivat hauskan pidosta yhdessÀ muiden samaa tilanteessa elÀvien nuorten kanssa. He saivat uutta tietoa niin afganistanilaisista Suomessa, kuin poliisin toiminnastakin. LisÀksi ohjaajat kokivat nuorten kanssa tekemisen virkistÀvÀnÀ vaihteluna arkeen tukiasumisyksikössÀ. LuontoretkellÀ havainnoimme poikia ja heidÀn suhtautumistaan luontoon ja erityisesti mereen. Pojat oppivat lyhyiden lauttamatkojenkin aikana saamaan lisÀÀ luottamusta merimatkailua kohtaan. Vallisaaressa ja Suomenlinnassa pojat tekivÀt havaintoja Suomen ja Afganistanin luonnon vÀlillÀ sekÀ opettelivat suomenkielistÀ sanastoa.
Työn on ajankohtainen sekÀ kulttuurituotannolle ettÀ kansalais- ja jÀrjestötyölle, sillÀ Suomeen on vuosien 2015-16 aikana tullut aiempaa enemmÀn alaikÀisiÀ turvapaikanhakijoita. On tÀrkeÀÀ tiedostaa tÀmÀn kasvavan vÀhemmistön olemassa olo Suomessa niin nuorisotyöntekijÀnÀ kuin kulttuurituotta-janakin. Erityisesti alaikÀisille turvapaikanhakijoille jÀrjestettÀvÀÀ kulttuuritoimintaa tulisi lisÀtÀ. OpinnÀytetyöstÀ on hyötyÀ vastaanottokeskusten ja tukiasumisyksiköiden uusille työntekijöille ja asukkaille. Työ kannustaa tapahtumakokeiluihin monikulttuurisessa ympÀristössÀ.The subscriber of this thesis was A-KlinikkasÀÀtiö. A-KlinikkasÀÀtiö arranges living quarters for a group of unaccompanied refugee minors in the Helsinki Metropolitan area. These boys live between two cultures. On one hand they worry about their families back in Afganistan, on the other hand they have already stated planning their stay in Finland.
These boys live a slow phased life filled with official meetings with the immigration office officials. The boys are especially afraid of the police due to their history of being abused by the local police in their home country and by being undocumented after leaving Afganistan. They donât necessarily have a lot of friends either. Here we saw a need for intergrating cultural activities.
We organized an event for Afgan food and music in the cultural center Caisa. Approximately 200 underage refugee Afgans and their instructors were invited. We also organized an event for our subrscibers group of boys an opportunity to experience Finnish nature and sea side of Vallisaari and Suomenlinna. During this event the boys were able to learn about the Finnish nature and some vocabulary with a wildlife bingo. This event had 15 participants.
The method of this thesis was experimental activities. We collected our data by observing and participating in the events. We have also interviewed the underage refugee boys about their experience. A video has been produced for the use of our subriber to enjoy and observe.
We discovered that indeed the boys enjoy having fun together with other people in the same situation as them. They got information about their opportunities in Finland and had the chance to meet with police officers who werenât aggressive or scary to them. The intructors of A-KlinikkasÀÀtiö felt that the events were a nice change to their daily life and enjoyed spending time with the boys in a different environment all together. In Vallisaari and Suomenlinna we observed that the boys got a more relaxed idea of the sea and travelling by boat and learned new vocabulary of the nature. They also made observations by themselves about the differences of the Afgan and Finnish wildlife.
This thesis is relevant to todayâs youth workers and cultural producers because more unaccompanied refugee minors have arrived in Finland between the years 2015 and 2016 than ever before. It is important that this minority group gets recognized. Cultural activitied targeted especially for refugee minors should be endorsed and produced. This thesis will benefit those working with refugee minors, especially the new employees as well as producers and youth workers entering the field
The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance
INTRODUCTION
Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic.
RATIONALE
We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs).
RESULTS
Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants.
CONCLUSION
Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century
KartlÀggning av PatientsÀkerheten och VÄrdmiljön i Puntland, Somalia
Independent on where in the world one is, patient safety is regarded as one of the most important aspects in the healthcare industry. On the contrary, depending on where you are, the patient safety will differ and is therefore location dependent. The patient safety in a developing country will therefore be evaluated in a different way compared to a developed country. This study, therefore aimed to identify the patient safety in Puntland, Somalia and with it, its healthcare environment in the hospitals. The goal was to identify the main factors that affected the patient safety. To investigate this, a field study to the region of interest was made and subsequently interviews with staff at the site were conducted as well as observations in the concerned hospitals. The obtained results were analysed using the method of Qualitative Content Analysis. At a later stage, the results could be thematized into four categories; ââNeedââ, ââDeviceââ, ââTrainingââ and ââKnowledgeââ, which pinpointed the main issues. The study show that there was a common transversal issue of a inherent lack of devices, training and knowledge which in turn could severely affect the patients and their safety in ways such as misdiagnosis, delayed treatment and in worst cases death. Furthermore, it was evident that rather than the lack of actual devices, the absence of knowledge was more prevalent. Oberoende paÌ var Ă€n i vĂ€rlden man befinner sig, anses patientsaÌkerhet vara en av de viktigaste aspekterna i sjukvaÌrden. Ă
andra sidan, helt beroende pĂ„ var man befinner sig kommer patientsĂ€kerheten skilja sig och Ă€r dĂ€rför lĂ€gesberoende. PatientsĂ€kerheten i ett utvecklingsland kommer dĂ€rför uppfattas pĂ„ ett annat sĂ€tt i jĂ€mförelse med ett I-land. Denna studie syftar till att identifiera patientsĂ€kerheten i Puntland, Somalia och med det dess vĂ„rdmiljö i sjukhusen. MĂ„let var att identifiera huvudfaktorerna som pĂ„verkar patientsĂ€kerheten. FoÌr att undersöka detta utfördes en fĂ€ltstudie i den valda regionen Puntland, dĂ€refter gjordes intervjuer med personal paÌ plats i sjukhusen och dessutom utfördes observationer. De erhĂ„llna resultaten analyserades med hjĂ€lp av metoden âQualitative Content Analysisâ. Vid ett senare skede tematiseras resultaten till fyra kategorier; ââBehovââ, ââApparatââ, ââUtbildningââ och ââKunskapââ, vilka visade pĂ„ de huvudsakliga problemen. Studien visade slutligen pĂ„ att det fanns ett gemensamt genomgĂ„ende problem av brist pĂ„ apparater, utbildning och kunskap, vilket i sin tur skulle kunna pĂ„verka patienter och deras sĂ€kerhet pĂ„ sĂ€tt sĂ„som feldiagnoser, foÌrsenad behandling och i vĂ€rsta fall döden. Vidare faststĂ€lldes att snarare Ă€n bristen paÌ apparater, var avsaknaden av kunskap mer pĂ„taglig.
KartlÀggning av PatientsÀkerheten och VÄrdmiljön i Puntland, Somalia
Independent on where in the world one is, patient safety is regarded as one of the most important aspects in the healthcare industry. On the contrary, depending on where you are, the patient safety will differ and is therefore location dependent. The patient safety in a developing country will therefore be evaluated in a different way compared to a developed country. This study, therefore aimed to identify the patient safety in Puntland, Somalia and with it, its healthcare environment in the hospitals. The goal was to identify the main factors that affected the patient safety. To investigate this, a field study to the region of interest was made and subsequently interviews with staff at the site were conducted as well as observations in the concerned hospitals. The obtained results were analysed using the method of Qualitative Content Analysis. At a later stage, the results could be thematized into four categories; ââNeedââ, ââDeviceââ, ââTrainingââ and ââKnowledgeââ, which pinpointed the main issues. The study show that there was a common transversal issue of a inherent lack of devices, training and knowledge which in turn could severely affect the patients and their safety in ways such as misdiagnosis, delayed treatment and in worst cases death. Furthermore, it was evident that rather than the lack of actual devices, the absence of knowledge was more prevalent. Oberoende paÌ var Ă€n i vĂ€rlden man befinner sig, anses patientsaÌkerhet vara en av de viktigaste aspekterna i sjukvaÌrden. Ă
andra sidan, helt beroende pĂ„ var man befinner sig kommer patientsĂ€kerheten skilja sig och Ă€r dĂ€rför lĂ€gesberoende. PatientsĂ€kerheten i ett utvecklingsland kommer dĂ€rför uppfattas pĂ„ ett annat sĂ€tt i jĂ€mförelse med ett I-land. Denna studie syftar till att identifiera patientsĂ€kerheten i Puntland, Somalia och med det dess vĂ„rdmiljö i sjukhusen. MĂ„let var att identifiera huvudfaktorerna som pĂ„verkar patientsĂ€kerheten. FoÌr att undersöka detta utfördes en fĂ€ltstudie i den valda regionen Puntland, dĂ€refter gjordes intervjuer med personal paÌ plats i sjukhusen och dessutom utfördes observationer. De erhĂ„llna resultaten analyserades med hjĂ€lp av metoden âQualitative Content Analysisâ. Vid ett senare skede tematiseras resultaten till fyra kategorier; ââBehovââ, ââApparatââ, ââUtbildningââ och ââKunskapââ, vilka visade pĂ„ de huvudsakliga problemen. Studien visade slutligen pĂ„ att det fanns ett gemensamt genomgĂ„ende problem av brist pĂ„ apparater, utbildning och kunskap, vilket i sin tur skulle kunna pĂ„verka patienter och deras sĂ€kerhet pĂ„ sĂ€tt sĂ„som feldiagnoser, foÌrsenad behandling och i vĂ€rsta fall döden. Vidare faststĂ€lldes att snarare Ă€n bristen paÌ apparater, var avsaknaden av kunskap mer pĂ„taglig.
KartlÀggning av PatientsÀkerheten och VÄrdmiljön i Puntland, Somalia
Independent on where in the world one is, patient safety is regarded as one of the most important aspects in the healthcare industry. On the contrary, depending on where you are, the patient safety will differ and is therefore location dependent. The patient safety in a developing country will therefore be evaluated in a different way compared to a developed country. This study, therefore aimed to identify the patient safety in Puntland, Somalia and with it, its healthcare environment in the hospitals. The goal was to identify the main factors that affected the patient safety. To investigate this, a field study to the region of interest was made and subsequently interviews with staff at the site were conducted as well as observations in the concerned hospitals. The obtained results were analysed using the method of Qualitative Content Analysis. At a later stage, the results could be thematized into four categories; ââNeedââ, ââDeviceââ, ââTrainingââ and ââKnowledgeââ, which pinpointed the main issues. The study show that there was a common transversal issue of a inherent lack of devices, training and knowledge which in turn could severely affect the patients and their safety in ways such as misdiagnosis, delayed treatment and in worst cases death. Furthermore, it was evident that rather than the lack of actual devices, the absence of knowledge was more prevalent. Oberoende paÌ var Ă€n i vĂ€rlden man befinner sig, anses patientsaÌkerhet vara en av de viktigaste aspekterna i sjukvaÌrden. Ă
andra sidan, helt beroende pĂ„ var man befinner sig kommer patientsĂ€kerheten skilja sig och Ă€r dĂ€rför lĂ€gesberoende. PatientsĂ€kerheten i ett utvecklingsland kommer dĂ€rför uppfattas pĂ„ ett annat sĂ€tt i jĂ€mförelse med ett I-land. Denna studie syftar till att identifiera patientsĂ€kerheten i Puntland, Somalia och med det dess vĂ„rdmiljö i sjukhusen. MĂ„let var att identifiera huvudfaktorerna som pĂ„verkar patientsĂ€kerheten. FoÌr att undersöka detta utfördes en fĂ€ltstudie i den valda regionen Puntland, dĂ€refter gjordes intervjuer med personal paÌ plats i sjukhusen och dessutom utfördes observationer. De erhĂ„llna resultaten analyserades med hjĂ€lp av metoden âQualitative Content Analysisâ. Vid ett senare skede tematiseras resultaten till fyra kategorier; ââBehovââ, ââApparatââ, ââUtbildningââ och ââKunskapââ, vilka visade pĂ„ de huvudsakliga problemen. Studien visade slutligen pĂ„ att det fanns ett gemensamt genomgĂ„ende problem av brist pĂ„ apparater, utbildning och kunskap, vilket i sin tur skulle kunna pĂ„verka patienter och deras sĂ€kerhet pĂ„ sĂ€tt sĂ„som feldiagnoser, foÌrsenad behandling och i vĂ€rsta fall döden. Vidare faststĂ€lldes att snarare Ă€n bristen paÌ apparater, var avsaknaden av kunskap mer pĂ„taglig.