The potential of energy substitution in the industrial sector

The extent of substitutability between energy and the other factors (i.e. labour and capital) and between individual fuels (coal, electricity, natural gas and petroleum) is an extremely important question and quite central to energy policy, planning and analysis. This study considers the possibilities of energy substitution in the industrial sector of 5 major energy producers of the developing world (Brazil, China, India, Indonesia and Venezuela). The theoretical model utilized in the study is the two-stage trans-log cost function. The model is estimated using time series data over the period 1978 to 2003. The results indicate substantial inter-factor and inter-fuel substitutions are possible in the industrial sector. Substitution possibilities were found (1) between capital and labour, between capital and energy and between energy and labour in the inter-factor model and (2) for most combination's of fuel types in the inter-fuel model. This implies that there is some flexibility in energy policy options and energy utilization

Sustainable slow maintained pile load test

Slow maintained load test is widely used by contractors in Malaysia to ensure the driven pile could accommodate the design load of the structure. Slow maintained load test is a test to determine load-settlement curve and pile capacity for a period of time using conventional load test. Conventional static pile load test equipment is large in size thus making it heavier and takes a long time to install. In addition, it consumes a lot of space which causes congestion at construction sites. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to conduct a conventional load test by replacing the pile kentledge load with anchorage and reaction pile. Preparations of ten designs comprising six commercial designs were reviewed. In addition, four proposed designs were suggested for the setup. Final design was produced based on its safety factors and criteria referred via literature review. The test frame consists of reaction frame with four reaction helical pile with two helixes per reaction pile. The deformation shapes, safety factor, stress, and strain of the design and finite element of the model has been analysed with the use of SolidWorks and Plaxis 3D software. SolidWorks software emphasizes on the model load-deflection relationship while Plaxis 3D ensures a correlation of reaction between pile uplift force and soil. Then, the model was tested on site to determine the relationship between physical load-deflection and pile-soil uplift force. The results of uplift force and displacement for numerical and physical test were nearly identical which increment of load-displacement graph pattern. The higher the uplift force, the higher the displacement obtained. In conclusion, the result obtained and the design may be considered as a guideline for future application of sustainable slow maintained pile load test

Understanding of teaching and its manifestation among excellent educators in a selected public university

The research was conducted to explore the understanding of teaching of excellent educators in a selected public university. Three research questions guided the study; first, what do educators believe to be the purposes of education?, second, what facilitated the understanding of teaching development?, and third, how is the understanding of teaching adhered to, manifested in their teaching practice? The study employed qualitative multiple case study approach to answer the research questions. The primary data were collected through in depth interviews and the secondary data were collected through observations in the classroom, laboratory and discussion sessions after lectures. The analyses of this study were done through within-case analysis and cross-case analysis explained the findings from the four excellent educators. The study discovered that the purposes of education were for change, transmitting knowledge, and character building. Respondents’ background as well as understanding of learning and teaching concepts had contributed to the development of the understanding of teaching. The adhered understanding was manifested in their teaching. These can be observed through their preparation and openness to assists students. Their teaching roles as experts and organizers were reflected in their teaching. They have been a major source of reference for their students as well as the society at large

Indicative Planning of the West Malaysian Economy Using an Input-Output Projection Model

This paper discusses an input-output projection model which has been used for indicative planning of the West Malaysian economy into 1985. The model projects the structure of the economy including output, investment and labour in 1985 given a level of aggregate domestic consumption likely to be utilised in the target year. The basic projection indicates that the growth rate in per capita private consumption of4 per cent per annum assumed in the model appears infeasible, particularly £n terms of investment and labour requirements. The advent of technological changes, however, results in substantial reduction in investment, labour and export requirements, thus increasing the propor· tion of consumption in Gross Domestic Product in the target year. An increase in export prices also reduces the level of capital formation, exports and labour required to sustain the projected growth rate in consumption. The analysis of impHcations of an import replacement poHcy shows that import substitution of manufactured goods reduces the strain on the economy. However, import-substitution is benejt'c£al only up to a point where the pn'ce of domestically-produced manufactures is 10 per cent higher than the overseas prices

The effect of virgin coconut oil loaded solid lipid particles (VCO-SLPs) on skin hydration and skin elasticity

Virgin Coconut Oil is usually extracted from well matured and fresh coconut through specialized processes without damaging its natural nutrition. In this work, formulation, characterization and efficacy of VCO-SLPs have been studied. VCO-SLPs were prepared using ultrasonification of molten stearic acid and virgin coconut oil in an aqueous solution and particles with the size of 0.608 μm have been obtained. 20% concentration of VCO-SLPs of 0.608 μm particle size was added into the base lotion. Sensory study and skin evaluation study was conducted to compare the difference between lotion containing VCO-SLPs and lotion without VCO-SLPs. Moisturizing lotion incorporated with VCO-SLPs was found to increase skin hydration and skin elasticity by 24.8% and 2.60% respectively from day 0 to day 28. This shows that solid lipid particles has the potential to be utilized as a carrier for improved dermal delivery of VCO

Some numerical methods for solving stochastic impulse control in natural gas storage facilities

The valuation of gas storage facilities is characterized as a stochastic impulse control problem with finite horizon resulting in Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations for the value function. In this context the two catagories of solving schemes for optimal switching are discussed in a stochastic control framework. We reviewed some numerical methods which include approaches related to partial differential equations (PDEs), Markov chain approximation, nonparametric regression, quantization method and some practitioners’ methods. This paper considers optimal switching problem arising in valuation of gas storage contracts for leasing the storage facilities, and investigates the recent developments as well as their advantages and disadvantages of each scheme based on dynamic programming principle (DPP

Tugas dan Wewenang Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) dalam Rangka Perlindungan Konsumen

Changes in production technology, international trade systems, and consumer lifestyles have increased the risks of the health and safety of consumers. Therefore, the government has formed the Drug and Food Supervisory Agency (BPOM) that has the responsibility and accountability in consumer protection. This paper aims to find out the duties and authority of BPOM in the context of consumer protection. The results of the study stated that there are several tasks attached to the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) which are based on Presidential Decree 166 of 2000. The powers are that protecting public health from the risk of circulation of therapeutic products, traditional medicines, complementary products, and cosmetics that do not meet quality requirements, safety, and efficacy, as well as food products that are unsafe and unfit for consumption. It also protects the public from the misuse of drugs, narcotics, psychotropic products, and addictive substances as well as risks due to the use of hazardous products and substances. BPOM also has the authority to conduct control, draft regulation and standardization, authorize industrial licensing and certification, product evaluation before being allowed to circulate, sampling and laboratory testing, investigation, and law enforcement

Penggunakan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Mata Pelajaran Bahasa Inggris Tentang Komunikasi Interpersonal Di SMP Negeri 3 Gunungsindur

Penelitian ini beranjak dari fenomena yang terjadi di kelas bahwa rendahnya pemahaman dan hasil belajar peserta didik pada pembelajaran bahasa Inggeris tentang komunikasi interpersonal dengan mengunakan model pembelajaran problem based learning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui penggunaan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik tentang komunikasi interpersonal mata pelajaran bahasa Inggeris di kelas IX.6 SMP Negeri 3 Gunungsindur Kabupaten Bogor Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023; (2) menggambarkan proses peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik tentang komunikasi interpersonal mata pelajaran bahasa Inggeris sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan model pembelajaran problem based learning di kelas IX.6 SMP Negeri 3 Gunungsindur Kabupaten Bogor Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023; dan (3) mengukur besarnya peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik tentang komunikasi interpersonal mata pelajaran bahasa Inggeris sesudah menggunakan model pembelajaran problem based learning di kelas IX.6 SMP Negeri 3 Gunungsindur Kabupaten Bogor Semester 1 Tahun Pelajaran 2022/2023. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning dapat menjadi variasi pembelajaran yang menyenangkan bagi peserta didik sehingga terbukti meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik di Kelas IX.6 semester 1 SMP Negeri 3 Gunungsindur Kabupaten Bogor. Sebelum menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning hasil belajar peserta didik hanya mencapai nilai rata-rata 66,81 kemudian terjadi peningkatan setelah menggunakan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning menjadi 73,61 pada siklus 1 dan 81,53 pada siklus 2. Dari uraian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning yang disesuaikan dengan materi pembelajaran dapat menciptakan situasi belajar yang menyenangkan sehingga terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik. Oleh karena itu peneliti menyarankan agar penggunaan model pembelajaran Problem Based Learning disosialisasikan dan digunakan sebagai alternatif dalam pembelajaran bahasa Inggeris di sekolah-sekolah SMP di lingkungan Dinas Pendidikan Kabupaten Bogor

CD Multimedia Interactive to Teach Philosophy of Islamic Education for Sophomore in IAIN Tulungagung

The development of technology and information today, especially in media information and communication can produce pattern of thinking and attitude to be a good progress. Moreover, with the rapid develop of technology right now, the world of education also join to plays a role in the process of utilizing of emerging technologies. In this case, utilizing the learning technology media to benefit optimally is useful for education process, as well as the teacher’s role that also needed for teaching and learning philosophical of Islamic education. The students are able to understand the material about philosophy and to hone the students’ thinking happily and motivated if the teacher teach them using multimedia interactive. Since this learning strategy can guide the students completely in order to master the philosophy material quickly. This multimedia Interactive help the students to learn and understand the materials of philosophy which can operate by computer. Those CD interactive program made by compound some materials in the form of film, moving picture, animation, and games. Therefore, the students are able to understand Philosophy of Islamic Education by utilizing the virtual picture of material which was packed in compact disc form even can be operated with computer or laptop