Response of glycemic index and liver tissue damage to aerobic exercise followed by coriander seed extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the response of glycemic index and liver tissue damage to aerobic training along with coriander seed extract in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: diabetic male Wistar rats (n=40, average age: 12 weeks; weight: 130±10 g) were randomly divided into four groups: Control, Extract, Exercise and Exercise+Extract. The diabetes model in rats was induced with a single injection of Streptozotocin-(60 mg/kg) dissolved in citrate buffer (0.05 mole). The high glucose level of 250 mg/dl is defined as the diabetic criterion. The extract was administered orally (150 mg/kg/day). The exercise program was six weeks of aerobic exercise, 5 times a week with 50-55 of maximal oxygen consumption. Results: The application of aerobic training followed by coriander seed extract in diabetic rats had a significant effect on total serum glucose (P=0.002), AST (P=0.001), ALT (P=0.005) and ALP (P=0.033); however, it had no significant effect on insulin level (P=0.656) and insulin-resistance (P=0.458). Conclusion: It seems that the combination of a regular aerobic exercise and coriander seed extract in diabetic rats had beneficial effects on liver tissue damage and possibly can prevent and improve liver tissue damage via the reduction of the of some liver tissue damage markers

A SNP panel for identification of DNA and RNA specimens

Development and application of statistical models for medical scientific researc

Effect of 6 Weeks of Resistance Training and Boldenone Supplementation on 5-alpha Reductase and Aromatase Gene Expression in Testes Tissue of Male Wistar Rats

Aims: Using anabolic androgenic steroids by athletes has significant side effects on sex hormones and the reproductive system. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of resistance exercise and Boldenone supplements on the expression of 5-alpha reductase and aromatase genes of the testis tissue in Wistar rats. Material & Methods: In this experimental study, thirty 12-week old male Wistar rats with the average weight of 195.00±7.94 grams were divided randomly into 5 groups; control, sham, Boldenone supplements (2mg per each kilogram of body weight), resistance exercise and Boldenone exercise. Resistance exercise program was 5 sessions of climbing the ladder each week (3 sets of 5 repeats) for 6 weeks that was started by 50% of one maximum repetition and reached 100% at the end. The level of 5-alpha reductase and aromatase genes expression were measured after the anesthesia and the removal of the testes tissue in the samples. Data was analyzed by paired T, ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests by using SPSS 22 software. Findings: The average weight of all groups’ mice were significantly increased in week 6 comparing to the first week (p=0.0001). There was significant increasing in 5-alpha-reductase expression in Boldenone and Boldenone exercise than the control group and also in the Boldenone exercise than resistance exercise group after the intervention. There was significant increasing in aromatase gene expression in resistance exercise and Boldenone exercise groups than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Boldenone supplement along with 6 weeks of resistance exercise increases the levels of 5-alpha reductase and aromatase genes expression in testis tissue of Wistar rats

Effect of 8 weeks aerobic training on plasma apelin in male rats treated with L-NAME

Background: Evidence supports the systemic inflammation in obesity and insulin resistance. Apelin is secreted by adipose tissue and plays an important role in the inflammation process. The present study aimed to examine the effect of 8 weeks aerobic training on plasma Apelin in male rats treated with Nitro-L-Arginine-Methyl Ester (L-NAME). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study male Wistar rats (n=24, age 20 months) were randomly assigned into four groups: Control, Training, TrainingS+L-NAME and L-NAME. An aerobic training protocol was performed for eight weeks, 5 times a week with an intensity of 75-80 of maximal oxygen consumption. The rats were sacrificed 72 hours after the last exercise session and blood samples were collected. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test at P&lt;0.05 significancy level. Results: The results showed that plasma Apelin level did not change significantly after eight weeks of aerobic training compared to the Control group. However, the results showed that there was a significant difference in plasma Apelin between L-NAME and Control group (P&lt;0.003). In addition, the results showed no significant difference between the insulin level and glucose in four groups. Conclusion: It seems that with increasing age plasma Apelin level is not affected by aerobic exercise. However, nitric oxide inhibitors can reduce the plasma Apelin level

Effect of physical exercise and training on gastrointestinal hormones in populations with different weight statuses

International audienc

Independent and Combined Effects of Antioxidant Supplementation and Circuit Resistance Training on Selected Adipokines in Postmenopausal Women

We examined the effects of the independent and combined effects of Zataria Multiflora supplementation and circuit resistance training (CRT) on selected adipokines among postmenopausal women. Forty-eight postmenopausal women were divided into four groups: Exercise (EG, n = 12), Zataria Multiflora (ZMG, n = 12), exercise and Zataria Multiflora (ZMEG, n = 12), and control (CG, n = 12). Participants in experimental groups either performed CRT (3 sessions per week with intensity at 55 of one-repetition maximum) or supplemented with Zataria Multiflora (500 mg every day after breakfast with 100 ml of water), or their combination, for 8 weeks. Blood samples were collected at pre- and post-intervention for measuring selected adipokines, including visfatin, omentin-1, vaspin, FGF-21, adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin. Our findings demonstrated that visfatin, vaspin, and leptin levels significantly decreased over the intervention period (all p < 0.05), with these values were lower in EG and ZMEG in comparison to CG at post-intervention (all p < 0.05). Visfatin and vaspin levels were also lower in ZMEG in comparison to EG at post-intervention (both p < 0.05). In contrast, omentin-1, ghrelin, adiponectin, and FGF21 significantly increased in EG and EMG (all p < 0.05) after CRT. These findings suggest that Zataria Multiflora supplementation by itself has little effect on measured adipokines; however, its combination with CRT produced noticeable effects on circulating levels of these adipokines, even more than CRT alone. Consequently, a combination of CRT and Zataria Multiflora supplementation may represent a potentially beneficial non-pharmacologic intervention on some selected adipokines in postmenopausal women

Intensity Dependent Effects of Interval Resistance Training on Myokines and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Males With Obesity

International audienceOBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of different intensities of interval resistance training (IRT) protocols on the levels of select myokines (decorin, follistatin, myostatin, activin A, transforming growth factor beta-1 [TGF-β1]), and cardiometabolic and anthropometric measures in males with obesity. METHODS: Forty-four obese males (age: 27.5 ± 9.4 yr.; height: 165.4 ± 2.8 cm; weight: 97.9 ± 2.6 kg and BMI: 35.7 ± 4.3 kg/m(2)) were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n=11 per group): low-intensity interval resistance training (LIIRT), moderate-intensity interval resistance training (MIIRT), high-intensity interval resistance training (HIIRT) or control (C). The LIIRT group performed 10 exercises in 3 sets of 40% (20 repetitions), the MIIRT group performed 10 exercises in three sets of 60% (13 repetitions), and the HIIRT group performed 10 exercises in three sets of 80% (10 repetitions) of one maximum repetition (1RM), which were followed with active rest of 20% of 1RM and 15 repetitions. The resistance training groups exercised ~70 min per session, 3 days per week, for 12 weeks. Measurements were taken at baseline and after 12 weeks of exercise training. RESULTS: Baseline levels of myokines, cardiovascular risk factors, anthropometry, body composition, and cardio-respiratory fitness were not different between the four groups (p&gt;0.05). The group x time interactions for decorin, activin A, follistatin, myostatin, and TGF-β1, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density cholesterol (HDL), low-density cholesterol (LDL), anthropometry, body composition, and cardio-respiratory fitness were statistically significant (p&lt;0.05). There were increases in post-test values for decorin, follistatin, HDL (p&lt;0.05) and decreases in TC, TG, TGF-β1, LDL, and myostatin levels in the LIIRT, MIIRT, and HIIRT groups compared to pretest values (p&lt;0.05). Changes in fat mass, VO(2peak,) HDL, TG, glucose, activin A, decorin were not significant in LIIRT compared to the control group, while changes in activin A, follistatin, and TFG-β1 levels were greater in HIIRT and MIIRT groups compared to the LIIRT group (p&lt;0.05). CONCLUSION: The LIIRT, MIIRT, and HIIRT protocols all produced beneficial changes in decorin, activin A, follistatin, myostatin, and TGF-β1 levels, and cardiometabolic risk factors, with greater effects from the MIIRT and HIIRT protocols compared to LIIRT

Sexual Dimorphism in Transcriptional and Functional Glucocorticoid Effects on Mouse Skeletal Muscle

Muscle atrophy is common in patients with increased glucocorticoid exposure. Glucocorticoid effects are often sex-specific, and while different glucocorticoid responses between male and female subjects are reported, it is unclear why this is. In this study, we evaluated the effects of corticosterone and synthetic glucocorticoid treatment on muscle atrophy in male and female mice. We found that corticosterone treatment reduced grip strength in female mice only, whereas muscle mass was reduced in both sexes. Skeletal muscle transcriptional responses to corticosterone treatment were more pronounced and widespread in male mice. Synthetic glucocorticoid treatment reduced grip strength in both sexes, while female mice were more sensitive to muscle atrophy than male mice. To evaluate the role of androgens, chemically-castrated male mice were treated with synthetic glucocorticoids. We observed additively reduced muscle mass, but did not observe any interaction effects. Although sex differences in glucocorticoid responses in skeletal muscle are partly influenced by androgen signaling, further studies are warranted to fully delineate the underlying mechanisms.Diabetes mellitus: pathophysiological changes and therap

Exploring the Impact of Astaxanthin Supplementation in Conjunction with a 12-Week CrossFit Training Regimen on Selected Adipo-Myokines Levels in Obese Males

International audienceObjective: Obesity is associated with an exacerbated metabolic condition that is mediated through impairing balance in the secretion of some adipo-myokines. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to explore the impact of astaxanthin supplementation in conjunction with a 12-week CrossFit training regimen on some selected adipo-myokines, insulin insensitivity, and serum lipid levels in obese males. Material and Methods: This study is a randomized control trial design; 60 obese males were randomly divided into four groups of 15, including the control group (CG), supplement group (SG), training group (TG), and combined training and supplement group (TSG). The participants were subjected to 12 weeks of astaxanthin (AST) supplementation [20 mg/d capsule, once/d] or CrossFit training or a combination of both interventions. The training regimen comprised 36 sessions of CrossFit, each lasting 60 min, conducted three times per week. The metabolic indices, body composition, anthropometrical, cardio-respiratory, and also some plasma adipo-myokine factors, including decorin (DCN), activin A, myostatin (MST), transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, and follistatin (FST), were examined 12 and 72 h before the initiation of the main interventional protocols, and then 72 h after the final session of the training protocol. Results: There was no significant difference in the baseline data between the groups (p &amp;amp;gt; 0.05). There were significant interactions between group x time for DCN (η2 = 0.82), activin A (η2 = 0.50), FST (η2 = 0.92), MST (η2 = 0.75), and TGFB-1 (η2 = 0.67) (p &amp;amp;lt; 0.001 for all the variables). Significantly changes showed for DCN in TSG compared to TG and SG and also TG compared to SG (p = 0.0001); for activin A in SG compared to TG (p = 0.01) and TSG (p = 0.002); for FST in SG compared to TG and TSG (p = 0.0001), also in TSG compared to TG (p = 0.0001); for MST in SG, TG, and TSG compared to CG (p = 0.0001) and also in TSG compared to SG (p = 0.0001) and TG (p = 0.001); for TGFB-1 in SG, TG, and TSG compared to CG (p = 0.0001) and also TSG compared to SG (p = 0.0001) and TG (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The 12-week CrossFit training concurrent with AST supplementation reduced anthropometric and metabolic factors and also serum lipid levels while producing positive changes in body composition and cardiovascular factors. Increased FST and DCN and reduced activin A, MST, and TGF-β1 were other affirmative responses to both interventions

Sexual Dimorphism in Transcriptional and Functional Glucocorticoid Effects on Mouse Skeletal Muscle

Muscle atrophy is common in patients with increased glucocorticoid exposure. Glucocorticoid effects are often sex-specific, and while different glucocorticoid responses between male and female subjects are reported, it is unclear why this is. In this study, we evaluated the effects of corticosterone and synthetic glucocorticoid treatment on muscle atrophy in male and female mice. We found that corticosterone treatment reduced grip strength in female mice only, whereas muscle mass was reduced in both sexes. Skeletal muscle transcriptional responses to corticosterone treatment were more pronounced and widespread in male mice. Synthetic glucocorticoid treatment reduced grip strength in both sexes, while female mice were more sensitive to muscle atrophy than male mice. To evaluate the role of androgens, chemically-castrated male mice were treated with synthetic glucocorticoids. We observed additively reduced muscle mass, but did not observe any interaction effects. Although sex differences in glucocorticoid responses in skeletal muscle are partly influenced by androgen signaling, further studies are warranted to fully delineate the underlying mechanisms