Dynamical Systems on Hilbert C*-Modules

We investigate the generalized derivations and show that every generalized derivation on a simple Hilbert $C^*$-module either is closable or has a dense range. We also describe dynamical systems on a full Hilbert $C^*$-module ${\mathcal M}$ over a $C^*$-algebra ${\mathcal A}$ as a one-parameter group of unitaries on ${\mathcal M}$ and prove that if $\alpha: \R\to U({\mathcal M})$ is a dynamical system, where $U({\mathcal M})$ denotes the set of all unitary operator on ${\mathcal M}$, then we can correspond a $C^*$-dynamical system $\alpha^{'}$ on ${\mathcal A}$ such that if $\delta$ and $d$ are the infinitesimal generators of $\alpha$ and $\alpha^{'}$ respectively, then $\delta$ is a $d$-derivation.Comment: 7 pages, minor changes, to appear in Bull. Iranian Math. So

Algebraic string bracket as a Poisson bracket

14 PagesInternational audienceIn this paper we construct a Lie algebra representation of the algebraic string bracket on negative cyclic cohomology of an associative algebra with appropriate duality. This is a generalized algebraic version of the main theorem of [AZ] which extends Goldman's results using string topology operations.The main result can be applied to the de Rham complex of a smooth manifold as well as the Dolbeault resolution of the endomorphisms of a holomorphic bundle on a Calabi-Yau manifold

Leaf water potential, photosynthetic pigments and compatible solutes alterations in four grape cultivars under salinity

A hydroponic culture experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100 mM) NaCl on own-rooted table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars (red 'Rishbaba', red 'Sahebi', 'Dastarchin' and red 'Sultana') under greenhouse conditions. Cultivars were evaluated for growth analysis leaf area, leaf water potential and the chlorophyll a, b and carotenoid contents in relation to proline and soluble sugars accumulation. Salinity treatments caused a growth reduction (P ≤ 0.05) in all the cultivars. Also leaf water potential and chlorophyll a, b contents decreased whereas carotenoid, proline and soluble sugars increased with increasing NaCl concentration. 'Dastarchin' and red 'Sultana' showed the salt- sensitivity, the highest loss of growth, leaf water potential and chlorophyll content and the lowest accumulation of carotenoids, proline and soluble sugars. Also salt stress significantly (P < 0.001) increased the rate of lipid peroxidation in the all cultivars particularly in 'Dastarchin' and red 'Sultana'. The increase in malondialdehyde content indicated that salinity induced oxidative stress. There was a significant negative correlation between leaf water potential and NaCl concentrations (r2: -0.781, p < 0.001). A positive correlation was also found between lamina proline contents and NaCl concentrations (r2: +0.964, p < 0.001) for all salinity treatments. Considering overall results red 'Rishbaba' and red 'Sahebi' showed higher capacity to tolerate salinity when compared to 'Dastarchin' and red 'Sultana'.

Short term response of grapevine grown hydroponically to salinity: Mineral composition and growth parameters

The response of hydroponically grown four ownrooted table grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivars ('Red Rishbaba', 'Red Sahebi', 'Dastarchin' and 'Red Sultana') to different salt concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100 mM NaCl) was studied under greenhouse condition. Growth parameters, total chlorophyll (a+b) and proline contents were determined in leaves and roots. Cl-, Na+, K+ and NO3 - concentrations were measured in lamina, petiole, stem and root. Shoot growth, total dry weight, total leaf chlorophyll (a+b), NO3 --N and K+ contents were significantly reduced (P≤0.05) under NaCl stress, whereas proline, Cl- and Na+ accumulation increased significantly with increasing salinity. 'Red Rishbaba' and 'Red Sahebi' showed a less decrease in total leaf chlorophyll, K+ and NO3 - contents, while proline accumulation in these cultivars was higher than that of 'Dastarchin' and 'Red Sultana'. Also, shoots of 'Red Sahebi' and 'Red Rishbaba' accumulated lower Cl- and Na+ than other cultivars. In conclusion, the overall results showed that 'Red Rishbaba' and 'Red Sahebi' were more tolerant than 'Dastarchin' and 'Red Sultana'.

Indirect search for light charged Higgs bosons through the dominant semileptonic decays of top quark t→b(→B/D+X)+H+(→τ+ντ)t\to b(\to B/D+X)+H^+(\to \tau^+\nu_\tau)

In this work we introduce a new channel to indirect search for the light charged Higgs bosons, which are predicted in several extensions of the standard model (SM) such as the two-Higgs-doublet models (2HDMs). We calculate the ${\cal O}(\alpha_s)$ QCD radiative corrections to the energy distribution of bottom- and charmed-flavored hadrons ($B/D$) produced in the dominant decays of the polarized top quark in the 2HDM, i.e. $t(\uparrow)\longrightarrow b(\to B/D+\text{jet})+H^+(\to \tau^+\nu_\tau)$. %This analysis is studied in a specific helicity coordinate system where the polarization vector of the top quark is evaluated with respect to the momentum direction of the bottom quark. Generally, the energy distribution of hadrons is governed by the unpolarized rate and the polar and the azimuthal correlation functions which are related to the density matrix elements of the decay $t(\uparrow)\rightarrow bH^+$. In our proposed channel, any deviation of the $B/D$-meson energy spectrum from its corresponding SM predictions can be considered as a signal for the existence of charged Higgs at the LHC. We also calculate, for the first time, the azimuthal correlation rate $\Gamma_\phi$ at next-to-leading order which vanishes at the Born level.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, published in NPB 932 (2018) 50

Effect of Anionic Polymers on Drug Loading and Release from Clindamycin Phosphate Solid Lipid Nanoparticles

Purpose: To develop and characterize solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN) systems containing dextran sulfate or sodium alginate as anionic polymers for the delivery of clindamycin phosphate as a model hydrophilic cationic drug.Methods: A multi-level factorial design was used for the preparation and optimization of clindamycin SLNs. Polymers (dextran sulfate and sodium alginate), Tween 80, and Pluronic F68 were chosen as the independent variables. The SLNs were prepared using stearic acid as the lipid matrix by an emulsion congealing technique with cold homogenization. Particle size and drug loading were evaluated as the primary responses. The morphology and drug release rate of the selected formulations were also determined.Results: The results revealed that incorporation of anionic polymers increased drug loading of theSLNs. Dextran sulfate had a greater effect on drug loading, increasing it from 1.32 to 18.19 %, compared to the 6.73 % achieved using sodium alginate. Dextran sulfate also reduced drug release rate by half compared with sodium alginate, probably due to the higher charge density, lower molecular weight and lower branching density of the ionic polymer.Conclusion: Incorporation of anionic polymers can increase the loading of clindamycin phosphate into SLNs. Drug release from SLNs is also dependent on the polymer type.Keywords: Clindamycin, Solid lipid nanoparticles, Dextran sulfate, Sodium alginate, Anionic polymers, Drug release, Drug loadin

A Novel 2D BEM with Composed Elements to Study Sloshing Phenomenon

In the Boundary Element Method (BEM), the corner elements make some difficulties in the numerical method. It means that, the results of BEM solution with linear elements are more accurate than constant elements inherently, but the difference between boundary conditions of one corner node from two adjacent boundaries causes to increase errors in linear element in comparison of constant element. In this article, a new approach of BEM discretizing has been introduced for simulating water sloshing in a 2D rectangular container which augments the accuracy. The time history of free surface shape has been obtained by applying Finite Difference Method (FDM) for free surface boundary conditions and BEM direct method with constant, linear and a novel element which has been named composed element in this study. Composed elements have been proposed for solving corner nodes problem. It means that all of the elements are linear except common nodes in two adjacent boundaries which are selected constant. This solution causes to decrease the number of elements for an acceptable precision and hence the time considerably saves potential flow and small amplitude water wave assumptions were applied in the present research. The results of this analysis illustrated acceptable agreement with other articles results with large dimension and small amplitude water wave assumptions. As a final point, the accuracy of results increased respect to linear, constant and composed elements

Investigating the effect of vitamin D vaginal suppository on sexual function among postmenopausal women: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Menopause is associated with changes in sexual function which are partly due to vaginal atrophy in response to estrogen reduction. Estrogen administration temporarily reduces the symptoms of vaginal dryness, but long-term exposure to this drug is likely to be associated with serious complications. Considering the promising results of previous studies concerning the effect of vitamin D on vaginal dryness, the proposed study will investigate the effect of vitamin D vaginal suppository on the sexual function of postmenopausal women. Methods: In a randomized, controlled clinical trial, 105 postmenopausal women will be randomly assigned to three groups receiving vitamin D vaginal suppository, placebo vaginal suppository, or control (no intervention). Vitamin D vaginal suppositories contain 1000 units of vitamin D3. The timing of the use of vitamin D vaginal suppositories and placebo suppositories will be every night in the first 2 weeks, and every other night in the following 6 weeks (8 weeks in total). The primary outcome will be the sexual function of participants which will be assessed using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) before and immediately after the intervention, and at 1 and 2 months after the end of the intervention. The side effects of these suppositories will be examined as a secondary consequence of the study. Data will be analyzed using SPSS software version 25. In the case of normal distribution of data, the mean score of sexual function will be compared between the groups using a repeated measurements ANOVA. If statistical analysis leads to significant results, the post-hoc test will be used to determine the differences between the groups. Comparison of demographic and fertility characteristics of the women will be carried out using statistical tests such as chi-squares and t-tests. A significance level of p [less than] .05 will be used for statistical analyses. Discussion: If vitamin D vaginal suppositories improve sexual function among premenopausal women with long-term effects and minimum side effects, the suppositories will be considered a safe complementary and alternative choice for alleviating sexual dysfunction among this group