Upsetting of hollow flanged components.

Imperial Users onl

Analyse of an experiment of divergent selection for fleece weight in french angora rabbits

Dans cette thèse nous présentons une analyse d'une expérience de sélection divergente chez le lapin Angora français. Les objectifs de l'expérience étaient d'évaluer la réponse à la sélection pour le poids total de toison et pour les caractères corrélés et d'analyser une expérience de sélection sur une population conduite en générations chevauchantes. Nous présentons une vue d'ensemble des facteurs génétiques et non génétiques des caractères quantitatifs et qualitatifs influençant la production de fibre. Parmi des effets fixes, le numéro de récolte est le plus important. Les paramètres génétiques et les tendances génétiques ont été analysés en utilisant un BLUP appliqué à un modèle animal. Pour l'estimation des paramètres génétiques on a employé un modèle avec mesures répétées des mesures dans lequel les récoltes successives ont été considérées comme un caractère répété. Les résultats ont prouvé que la sélection pour le poids total de toison a été efficace et une divergence de trois écarts types génétiques a été observée entre les souches haute et basse après huit années de sélection. La sélection pour le poids total de toison a augmenté de manière significative la longueur de jarres et le rapport entre les nombre de follicules secondaires et primaires (rapport S/P). Dans le même temps, la compression, la résilience, le diamètre de duvets, et le diamètre moyen de fibre ont diminué. Ces changements s'expliquent par des corrélations génétiques moyennes à élevées entre le poids de toison et la longueur des jarres, et entre les dimensions de fibre et le rapport S/P, la compression et la résilience. Ainsi, la sélection pour augmenter le poids total de toison a induit une augmentation des composantes quantitatives et qualitatives de la production delaine du lapin Angora français. La mesure du poids total de toison est simple et facile au niveau de l’élevage. Cette thèse fournit également de nouveaux paramètres génétiques résultant des mesures par l'analyseur de diamètre de ibre optique (OFDA). Il s'agit d'une méthode rapide pour mesurer les caractéristiques de la fibre Angora. Certaines de ces mesures sont intéressantes en raison d'une corrélation génétique élevée avec les caractéristiques du follicule pileux. La méthodologie OFDA est une alternative intéressante pour évaluer des caractéristiques importantes telles que le diamètre de fibre et le coefficient de variation du diamètre des fibres. Nous décrivons les paramètres démographiques et généalogiques de la population étudiée. En outre, nous étudions la différentielle de sélection pour le poids total de toison et le poids corporel. La caractéristique principale de notre approche est la description de la différentielle de sélection en comparant les candidats à la sélection, les parents potentiels et les parents théoriques. La description démographique et génétique a prouvé que dans les deux souches sélectionnées on a appliqué pendant 8 ans une conduite proche. Notre travail apporte des résultats originaux sur les effets de la sélection chez le lapin angora et sur la conduite d'une sélection en générations chevauchantes. Cette thèse a aussi un intérêt pratique pour les sélectionneurs de lapin Angora. Cette thèse est également le dernier projet de recherche de l'INRA après presque 30 ans de recherche sur cet animal. ABSTRACT : In this thesis, we present our research to analyze the efficiency of an experiment of divergent selection in French Angora rabbit. Objectives of the experiment were a) to assess genetic parameter estimatesfor total fleece weight and correlated trait and b) to get an experience on management of a population of angora rabbits under selection with overlapping generations. This thesis is also the last research project of INRA after nearly 30 years of research on this animal. We present an overview of the genetic and non-genetic factors of quantitative and qualitative traits influencing fibre production. Among fixed effects, number of harvest was the most important. The genetic parameters and genetic trends were analysed using a BLUP animal model. For estimation of genetics parameters the repeatability model was used in which wool harvests from third until 12th have been considered as a repeated trait. Results showed that selection for high and low total fleece weight was successfully performed and a divergence of three genetic standard deviations was observed between the high and low lines after eight years of selection. Selection for total fleece weight significantly increased bristle length, secondary to primary follicle ratio and comfort factor and decreased compression, resilience, bristle diameter, and average fibre diameter. These changes resulted from moderate to high genetic correlations between total fleece weight and bristle length, and between fibre dimensions and secondary to primary follicle ratio, comfort factor, compression and resilience. Thus, selection for increasing total fleece weight results in an increase of both quantitative and qualitative traits of wool production in the French Angora rabbit. Measurement of total fleece weight is simple and easy at the farm level. Selection for this trait has positiveeffects on fleece characteristics such as bristle length, follicle population and fibre diameter. This thesis also contains new genetic parameters Angora fibres resulting from measurements by Optical Fibre Diameter Analyser that we provide a rapid method for measuring the characteristics of Angora fibre. Some of these measurements are interesting because of having a high genetic correlation with follicle traits of skin. The OFDA methodology is an interesting alternative to evaluate important characteristics such as fibre diameter, CV of fibre diameter and bristle content through measuring of comfort factor. We describe the demography and genealogy of the studied population. In addition, we study differential of selection for total fleece weight and body weight. The main characteristic of our approach is the use of new method for description of differential of selection in candidates of selection, parent and theoretical parents. Description of demography and the genetic structure in this study showed that in the two divergent lines, the similar management of reproducers has been done successfully during 8 years of selection. Our work contributes to the research in two areas that are estimation of genetic parameters with multivariate models of best linear unbiased prediction of breeding value and theoretical investigation of selection in populations with overlapping generations. This thesis is also of practical interest for Angora rabbit breeders for knowledge of effects of selection for total fleece weight and correlated traits

Considering simple and multiple relationships of organizational culture and its components with high school teachers’ effectiveness

The present study aimed to investigate simple and multiple relationships of organizational culture and its components (creativity and innovation, competitiveness, attention to group, attention to organizational members, attention to details, attention to result and output, and stability and durability) with teachers’ effectiveness in high schools of the city of Shavor. For this purpose, samples consisting of 184 female and male teachers of these schools were chosen by using stratified random sampling. To collect data, they were given the two realized questionnaires of organizational culture (using Robins and Denison’s pattern) and teachers’ effectiveness. Results of this study indicated that there was generally a relationship between organizational culture and teacher effectiveness. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between components of organizational culture except “attention to details” and “attention to output and results” with teacher effectiveness. In addition, attention to group, creativity and innovation were respectively considered the best predictors of teacher effectiveness

An investigation and study of the effect of configuration of the layers on the acoustic characteristics of nonwoven panels

To eliminate or reduce the sound in the buildings, sound insulators are used. In designing the buildings two points should be considered. The absorption and transfer of the sound are as the key points in this connection. Therefore, we should the materials in the buildings which are able to meet our needs to reduce sound pollution. These materials would absorb the sound and reduce it getting into the building. These materials are known as acoustic materials. The nonwovens are one of the most important acoustic materials. This paper reports the effect of different configurations of layers placed in the panels on their NAC

Considering simple and multiple relationships of organizational culture and its components with high school teachers’ effectiveness

The present study aimed to investigate simple and multiple relationships of organizational culture and its components (creativity and innovation, competitiveness, attention to group, attention to organizational members, attention to details, attention to result and output, and stability and durability) with teachers’ effectiveness in high schools of the city of Shavor. For this purpose, samples consisting of 184 female and male teachers of these schools were chosen by using stratified random sampling. To collect data, they were given the two realized questionnaires of organizational culture (using Robins and Denison’s pattern) and teachers’ effectiveness. Results of this study indicated that there was generally a relationship between organizational culture and teacher effectiveness. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between components of organizational culture except “attention to details” and “attention to output and results” with teacher effectiveness. In addition, attention to group, creativity and innovation were respectively considered the best predictors of teacher effectiveness

Considering simple and multiple relationships of organizational culture and its components with high school teachers’ effectiveness

The present study aimed to investigate simple and multiple relationships of organizational culture and its components (creativity and innovation, competitiveness, attention to group, attention to organizational members, attention to details, attention to result and output, and stability and durability) with teachers’ effectiveness in high schools of the city of Shavor. For this purpose, samples consisting of 184 female and male teachers of these schools were chosen by using stratified random sampling. To collect data, they were given the two realized questionnaires of organizational culture (using Robins and Denison’s pattern) and teachers’ effectiveness. Results of this study indicated that there was generally a relationship between organizational culture and teacher effectiveness. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between components of organizational culture except “attention to details” and “attention to output and results” with teacher effectiveness. In addition, attention to group, creativity and innovation were respectively considered the best predictors of teacher effectiveness

Investigating Frequency and Type of Lexical Collocations in Applied Linguistics Journal Articles Written in English by Iranian and Norwegian Scholars

Master's thesis in Literacy StudiesIn today’s academic world, the research interest in corpus linguistics has shifted towards word co-occurrence rather than single words. Accordingly, a great body of literature has been devoted to investigations of recurrent word combinations in academic prose using frequency and dispersion parameters. This has resulted in analysis of corpus in different fields of study to collect comprehensive lists of academic collocations. Moreover, many contrastive studies have been conducted to compare the collocations used by native and non-native speakers of English. However, to the author’s knowledge, few studies have been conducted to compare the most frequent collocations in two corpora of research articles written by non-native speakers of English published in international journals in the field of applied linguistics. To fill this gap in the literature, the current study investigated the most frequent collocations used by Iranian and Norwegian scholars in a corpus of 17 articles published in the Journal of Pragmatics through a frequency-based approach. Nine out of 17 articles were written by Iranian scholars including 67,673 words and eight out of 17 articles were written by Norwegian scholars comprising of 64,682 words. The data of this study were collected using Collocation Extract software. The results of the study were presented in three phases. In the first phase, 15 most frequent lexical collocations in both corpora were identified which were classified under three types of lexical collocations. Based on what was obtained, Adj+N collocation type had the most proportion in the corpora while Adv+Adj type had the least proportion. In the second phase, the lexical collocations of the Iranian corpus were presented including a total of 818 collocations classified under five types. According to the results, Adj+N was the most frequent type while N+V was the least frequent one. Similar to the Iranian corpus, lexical collocations of the Norwegian corpus were identified. They were classified under four types including a total of 462, among which Adj+N was the most frequent type while Adv+Adj was the least frequent one. In the third phase, frequencies of lexical collocations were compared in the two corpora. According to the obtained results, the two corpora did not have any had significant difference in the use of all types of collocation except for Adj+N type of lexical collocations

Comparison the concepts of sense of place and attachment to place in architectural studies

Today, concepts such as place attachment, sense of place, meaning of place, place identity, and ... has devoted many studies In literature of architecture and urban design particularly in the field of environmental psychology. It is obvious that in all these concepts, various aspects of interaction between human and place and the impact that places have on people has been presented. This paper defines the concepts of sense of place and place attachment and explains the factors that affect them. Sense of place is a comprehensive concept which in it men feels places, percept them and attached meaning to them. Understanding the fundamental aspects of sense of place, can be effective in assess the level of public attachment to places and tendency of people to places. Place attachment refer to emotional and functional bonds between place and people which Interpreted in different scale from a district to a country in Environmental psychology. In this regard different studies point to varied of spatial and human factors. Review the literature, this paper achieves a comprehensive definition of these concepts and then it try to compare them to find their relationship. What will come eventually is that place attachment is one of the sense of place subsets. Thus in encounter of people and place if assume people sense of place a general feeling to that place, place attachment is a positive emotion which people have about the place

Tunability of terahertz random lasers with temperature based on superconducting materials

We theoretically demonstrate the tunabiltiy of terahertz random lasers composed of high temperature superconductorYBCO and ruby layers as active medium. The considered system is a one-dimensional disordered medium made of ruby grain and YBCO. Finite-difference time domain method is used to calculate the emission spectrum and spatial distribution of electric field at different temperatures. Our numerical results reveal that the superconductor based random lasers exhibit large temperature tunability in the terahertz domain. The emission spectrum is significantly temperature dependent, the number of lasing modes and their intensities increase with decreasing temperature. Also, we make some discussion to explain the reason for the observed tunability and the effect of temperature variation on the spatial distribution of the electric field in the disordered active medium

Improvement of Probiotic Survival in Fruit juice and under Gastrointestinal conditions using Pectin-Nanochitin-Nanolignocellulose as a Novel Prebiotic Gastrointestinal-Resistant Matrix

Background and Objective: Increasing survivability of probiotics in low pH juices and in gastrointestinal conditions is important for probiotic food industry. Nanofibers can reinforce the structure of entrapment matrices protecting probiotics in harsh conditions. This study investigated pectin-based bionanocomposites improved with nanochitin, nanolignocellulose and bacterial nanocellulose to introduce a prebiotic gastrointestinal-resistant matrix for enhancing the survival of Bacillus coagulans as a probiotic.Material and Methods: The bionanocomposites with various compositions were designed using mixture design method. These were fabricated based on cross-linking of calcium ions with pectin for entrapment of Bacillus coagulans. The survivability of probiotic was evaluated at 4°C or 25°C over a 5-week storage in peach juice and under simulated gastrointestinal conditions.Results and Conclusion: The prebiotic score of the pectin-nanochitin-nanolignocellulose (50:25:25% w w-1) was determined as 1.36. The survivability of Bacillus coagulans entrapped within the pectin-nanochitin-nanolignocellulose matrix was ~65% under gastrointestinal treatment. The surface structure of the matrix was relatively smooth coherent, compact and wrinkled due to the three-dimensional arrangement of the nanofibers of chitin and lignocellulose incorporated within pectin. The highest survivability of the entrapped bacteria was ~68% compared to the survivability of the free cell (~53%) at the end of 5-week storage period. After 21 day storage in the juice, the survivability of the entrapped bacteria treated under sequential digestion was ~58% as compared to that of the free cell (~43%). The present findings proposed a promising prebiotic matrix to protect probiotics in low pH fruit juice and the gastrointestinal tract.Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest