Addition of reduced glutathione to diluent of lamb semen during storage (5 °C)

The objectives were: first, determine a recommended concentration of GSH to be used during cooling of sheep semen to 5°C; and second, evaluate the effects of GSH on the acrosome integrity and sperm capacitation. Experiment 1, 12 ejaculates from two Pelibuey rams were used. Each ejaculate was divided into four aliquots corresponding to the GSH concentrations tested (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 5 mM). Aliquots were stored under refrigeration (5°C) for 24 h. Live sperm motility was evaluated at 0, 1, 2 and 24 h of storage and at 24 h after warming to 37°C (reactivation). Experiment 2, 22 ejaculates were evaluated by the technique of chlortetracycline sperm capacitation after 24 h storage at 5°C.. At 0, 1, and 2 h of storage there were no significant differences between sperm motilities using different concentrations of GSH. At 24 h, 5 mM GSH showed the highest sperm motility (29.22%). This concentration also had the highest percentage of motility during reactivation (80.29%) and live sperm concentration, 81.44% (p <0.05). The percentage of non-capacitated and acrosome intact sperm increased to 42% when 5 mM GSH (p <0.05) was used. It is concluded that the antioxidant and protective activity of GSH during cooling is dependent on concentration and storage time

Conservation of ram semen at 5 ºC using medium supplemented with 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 mM of reduced glutathione

The experiment was carried out to determine the most recommendable concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) to be used during refrigeration of ram semen at 5 °C. Each of a total of 12 ejaculates from two Pelibuey rams was divided into four aliquots corresponding to the GSH concentrations evaluated (0.0, 0.5, 1.0 and 5 mM), which were stored under refrigeration (5 °C) for 24 h. Evaluation of motility and viability was performed at 0, 1, 2 and 24 h of storage. At 24 h, sperm motility was also evaluated at 37 °C (reactivation). At 0, 1 and 2 h of storage there were no significant differences in sperm motility among the different concentrations of GSH. At 24 h, the concentration of 5 mM resulted in the highest (p <0.05) sperm motility (29.22%) and the highest (p <0.05) percentage of mobility during the reactivation (80.29%). As for viability, at 24 h of storage, the samples diluted with 5 mM GSH had 81.44% live spermatozoa. It is concluded that the activity of GSH as an antioxidant and protector during storage at 5 °C is dependent on concentration and storage time

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries