The legal rights, obligations and liabilities of a hirer under a hire purchase agreement as enforced by The Ministry of Trade And Industries, Malaysia / Md. Salleh Ab. Rahman

"Hire Purchase Agreement " includes a letting of goods with an option to purchase and an agreement for the purchase of goods by instalments (whether the agreement describes the instalments as rent or hire or otherwise), rot does not include any agreement - a) whether the property in the goods comprised therein passes at the time of the agreement or upon or at any time before delivery of the goods; b) under which the person by whom the goods are being hired or purchased is a person who is engaged in the trade or rosiness of selling goods of the same nature or description as the goods comprised in the agreement 4

[The Importance of Balaghah Al-Itnab in Al-Quran] Kepentingan Balaghah Al-Itnab dalam Al-Qur’an

Al-Itnab is one of style that is contained in the Qur'an. The language has the privilege and power of its own based on its position as the word of Allah Almighty. Therefore, this study will analyze several sample sentences using force al-Itnab to demonstrate its importance. Primary data obtained from books about balaghah, Icjaz Qur'an and Tafsir al-Bayan. While secondary data are based on books on language, linguistics and others. 3 sample sentences using force al-Itnab selected based on sampling methods were analyzed descriptively aiming for each of the samples 1 to 3 out of 10 of al-Itnab. The result was a language al-Itnab in the Qur'an shown to have the privilege and power of its own to make it part of the Icjaz Qur'an. This is evident through the linkage between theoretical grammar and balaghah in the interpretation of meaning. Various implicit meaning can be disclosed and can have a profound impact and touched the heart of man to think rationally about the truth of the message of the Qur'an. The importance of al-Itnab also available through the goal of eliminating doubts and answer the questions that arise. Most of al-Itnab force also has the meaning of the affirmation and strengthening of the meaning of the verse. The implication can contribute to the assessment process al-Itnab meaning of verses that can be used also in other balaghah component. Keywords: Style language of al-Itnab, balaghah al-Itnab in the Qur'an.               Al-Itnab merupakan salah satu daripada gaya bahasa yang terdapat dalam al-Qur‟an. Gaya bahasa ini mempunyai nilai keistimewaan dan kekuatannya yang tersendiri berdasarkan kedudukannya sebagai kalam Allah swt. Oleh yang demikian, kajian ini akan menganalisis beberapa sampel ayat yang menggunakan gaya al-Itnab bagi menunjukkan kepentingannya. Data primer diperolehi daripada buku-buku tentang balaghah, I’jaz al- Qur‟an dan tafsir al-Bayan. Manakala data sekunder pula berdasarkan kepada buku-buku tentang bahasa, linguistik dan lain-lain. Sebanyak 3 sampel ayat yang menggunakan gaya al-Itnab dipilih berdasarkan kaedah Pensampelan Bertujuan untuk dianalisis secara deskriptif iaitu masing-masing 1 sampel bagi 3 jenis sahaja daripada 10 jenis al-Itnab. Kajian mendapati gaya bahasa al-Itnab dalam al-Qur‟an terbukti mempunyai keistimewaan dan kekuatannya yang tersendiri sehingga menjadikannya sebahagian daripada unsur Icjaz al-Qur‟an. Hal ini terbukti menerusi pertautan antara teori nahu dan balaghah dalam proses pentafsiran makna. Pelbagai makna tersirat dapat dizahirkan dan memberi kesan mendalam serta boleh menyentuh sanubari manusia agar berfikir dengan rasional tentang kebenaran mesej daripada al-Qur‟an. Kepentingan al-Itnab juga didapati menerusi tujuannya yang menghilangkan keraguan dan menjawab persoalan yang timbul. Kebanyakan gaya al-Itnab juga mempunyai makna penegasan dan pengukuhan makna ayat. Implikasinya dapat memberi sumbangan terhadap kaedah proses pengkajian makna ayat al-Itnab yang boleh digunakan pada kompenen balaghah yang lain.   Kata kunci: Gaya bahasa al-Itnab, balaghah al-Itnab dalam al-Qur‟an

Morphological, Biochemical and Genetic Variation of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes to Vegetative Stage Salinity Stress

Salinity is one of the most serious issues in rice cultivation and production. Salt stress significantly reduced seedling growth performance of rice. This research was conducted to study the effects of vegetative stage salinity stress on morphological, biochemical, molecular and genetic variation of 12 rice genotypes as well as 2 check varieties, MR297 (susceptible) and Pokkali (tolerant). The experiment was arranged in a split-plot design with 3 replications. Normal freshwater at 0 dS m-1 (L1), saline water at 6 dS m-1 (L2) and saline water at 12 dS m-1 (L3) were the main plot and rice genotypes were the sub-plot. In general, morphological and biochemical traits of all genotypes showed an overall reduction of about 47.41% in L3 as compared to L1 except for the tolerant check, Pokkali. The genetics and correlation analysis indicated that plant height, leaf size and standard evaluation system (SES) score might be used as a selection criterion in developing salt tolerant rice. The multivariate analysis revealed that a Malaysian landraces, Jarom Mas was clustered together with Pokkali as tolerant genotype. Screening using tightly linked Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers (RM1287, RM10748, RM493) of salinity tolerant QTL, Saltol indicated that this QTL was absence in Jarom Mas. This finding might indicate the presence of other QTL associated with salinity tolerance in Jarom Mas. Further study on identifying the speculated QTL may be conducted to confirm this postulation

Morpho-Physiological Response of Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Genotypes to Salinity Stress at Seedling Stage

Salinity stress would significantly reduce seedling growth performance of rice. In addition, salinity also affects physiological and metabolic process mainly the osmotic and ionic balance of the cells. Hence, the present study was conducted to evaluate morpho-physiological and biochemical response of selected rice genotypes to salinity stress at seedling stage. Twelve rice genotypes were used in the pot-trial experiment including two checks namely Pokkali (tolerant) and MR297 (susceptible). The experiment was conducted in a split plot design with three replications. Three salinity levels involved were L1 (normal fresh water), L2 (saline water at 12 dSm-1), and L3 (saline water at 24 dSm-1) as the main plot while rice genotypes as the sub-plot. Salinity stress was imposed for 14 days starting from 21 days after sowing. In overall, L3 salinity stress significantly reduced 47.41% of all seedling growth attributes for all genotypes except for Pokkali (V11) as compared to control condition. Meanwhile, Haiboq (V9) and Basmati 370 (V3) recorded significantly similar response as the MR297 (V10). The trend of chlorophyll content reduction could be seen in all genotypes under L2 and L3 salinity stress with average 77.72% reduced over control condition. In contrast, proline content was increased over 7 folds in all genotypes as level of salinity increases except for V11. Proline may function as a signal metabolites thus higher proline content indicates that the plant is under stress. In conclusion, chlorophyll and proline content may be used as indicators of sensitivity to salinity stress in rice cultivars along with the morphological growth responses

SARS-CoV-2 infection and venous thromboembolism after surgery: an international prospective cohort study

SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients. Since surgical patients are already at higher risk of venous thromboembolism than general populations, this study aimed to determine if patients with peri-operative or prior SARS-CoV-2 were at further increased risk of venous thromboembolism. We conducted a planned sub-study and analysis from an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study of elective and emergency patients undergoing surgery during October 2020. Patients from all surgical specialties were included. The primary outcome measure was venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis) within 30 days of surgery. SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was defined as peri-operative (7 days before to 30 days after surgery); recent (1–6 weeks before surgery); previous (≥7 weeks before surgery); or none. Information on prophylaxis regimens or pre-operative anti-coagulation for baseline comorbidities was not available. Postoperative venous thromboembolism rate was 0.5% (666/123,591) in patients without SARS-CoV-2; 2.2% (50/2317) in patients with peri-operative SARS- CoV-2; 1.6% (15/953) in patients with recent SARS-CoV-2; and 1.0% (11/1148) in patients with previous SARS- CoV-2. After adjustment for confounding factors, patients with peri-operative (adjusted odds ratio 1.5 (95%CI 1.1–2.0)) and recent SARS-CoV-2 (1.9 (95%CI 1.2–3.3)) remained at higher risk of venous thromboembolism, with a borderline finding in previous SARS-CoV-2 (1.7 (95%CI 0.9–3.0)). Overall, venous thromboembolism was independently associated with 30-day mortality (5.4 (95%CI 4.3–6.7)). In patients with SARS-CoV-2, mortality without venous thromboembolism was 7.4% (319/4342) and with venous thromboembolism was 40.8% (31/76). Patients undergoing surgery with peri-operative or recent SARS-CoV-2 appear to be at increased risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism compared with patients with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Optimal venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment are unknown in this cohort of patients, and these data should be interpreted accordingly

SARS-CoV-2 vaccination modelling for safe surgery to save lives: data from an international prospective cohort study

Background: Preoperative SARS-CoV-2 vaccination could support safer elective surgery. Vaccine numbers are limited so this study aimed to inform their prioritization by modelling. Methods: The primary outcome was the number needed to vaccinate (NNV) to prevent one COVID-19-related death in 1 year. NNVs were based on postoperative SARS-CoV-2 rates and mortality in an international cohort study (surgical patients), and community SARS-CoV-2 incidence and case fatality data (general population). NNV estimates were stratified by age (18–49, 50–69, 70 or more years) and type of surgery. Best- and worst-case scenarios were used to describe uncertainty. Results: NNVs were more favourable in surgical patients than the general population. The most favourable NNVs were in patients aged 70 years or more needing cancer surgery (351; best case 196, worst case 816) or non-cancer surgery (733; best case 407, worst case 1664). Both exceeded the NNV in the general population (1840; best case 1196, worst case 3066). NNVs for surgical patients remained favourable at a range of SARS-CoV-2 incidence rates in sensitivity analysis modelling. Globally, prioritizing preoperative vaccination of patients needing elective surgery ahead of the general population could prevent an additional 58 687 (best case 115 007, worst case 20 177) COVID-19-related deaths in 1 year. Conclusion: As global roll out of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination proceeds, patients needing elective surgery should be prioritized ahead of the general population

Quantification of gallic acid and tannic acid from quercus infectoria (Manjakani) and their effects on antioxidant and antibacterial activities

Effects of different types of solvent on the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Quercus infectoria extract have not been well documented. Therefore, extraction process was conducted using conventional Soxhlet extraction with six different types of solvent (100% methanol, ethanol, acetone, water and 70% methanol, and ethanol). High performance liquid chromatography was implemented to identify gallic acid and tannic acid in the extracts. Water extracts contained the highest concentration of both gallic acid and tannic acid compared to other types of solvent; 51.14 mg/g sample and 1332.88 mg/g sample of gallic acid and tannic acid. Meanwhile, antioxidant and antibacterial activity were tested using DPPH free radicals scavenging and disc diffusion assay. Results demonstrated that water extracts gave the highest antioxidant activity (approximately 94.55%), while acetone extract gave the largest inhibition zone for disc diffusion assay (19.00mm respectively). The results also revealed rich sources of gallic acid and tannic acid in Q.infectoria which might provide a novel source of these natural antioxidant and antibacterial activity

Phytocompounds of Anonna muricata leaves extract and cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells

Objective: To identify the phytochemical compounds from Annona muricata (A. muricata) and to determine their in vitro anti-proliferative activities against breast cancer cells, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. Methods: A. muricata leaves were successively extracted by soxhlet method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, and decocted with water. Each extract was analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) and characterized with Wiley and NIST library searches. Anti-proliferative activity of each extract was evaluated on MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells using MTT assay. Results: The GCMS analysis of different solvent extracts of A. muricata leaves showed presence of different chemical groups of compounds such as steroids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, sugars, sugars alcohol and others including vitamin E. Ethyl acetate leaves extract exhibited the lowest IC50 value on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell and n-hexane leaves extract showed the the lowest IC50 value on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell. Conclusion: Steroids and phenolic compounds were the main phytocompound groups identified from all A. muricata leaves extracts. The antiproliferative activity of n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract towards breast cancer MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 respectively might be due to the presence of biologically active compounds in the extracts, hence, providing some scientific evidences of the effectiveness of its traditional usages

Phytocompounds of Anonna muricata leaves extract and cytotoxic effects on breast cancer cells

Objective: To identify the phytochemical compounds from Annona muricata (A. muricata) and to determine their in vitro anti-proliferative activities against breast cancer cells, MCF7 and MDA-MB-231. Methods: A. muricata leaves were successively extracted by soxhlet method using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol, and decocted with water. Each extract was analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS) and characterized with Wiley and NIST library searches. Anti-proliferative activity of each extract was evaluated on MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells using MTT assay. Results: The GCMS analysis of different solvent extracts of A. muricata leaves showed presence of different chemical groups of compounds such as steroids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds, sugars, sugars alcohol and others including vitamin E. Ethyl acetate leaves extract exhibited the lowest IC50 value on the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell and n-hexane leaves extract showed the the lowest IC50 value on the MCF-7 breast cancer cell. Conclusion: Steroids and phenolic compounds were the main phytocompound groups identified from all A. muricata leaves extracts. The antiproliferative activity of n-hexane and ethyl acetate extract towards breast cancer MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 respectively might be due to the presence of biologically active compounds in the extracts, hence, providing some scientific evidences of the effectiveness of its traditional usages

Panduan pencegahan & pengendalian kes berisiko malnutrisi dalam kalangan kanak-kanak bawah 5 tahun

Garispanduan ini dibangunkan bagi menyeragamkan amalan dan prosedur pengendalian kes kanak-kanak berisiko berlebihan atau kekurangan berat badan di fasiliti kesihatan serta memberi panduan kepada anggota kesihatan dalam memberi khidmat nasihat yang bersesuaian kepada kanak-kanak bawah 5 tahun. Khidmat nasihat di dalam panduan ini meliputi keseluruhan gaya hidup kanak-kanak iaitu daripada aspek pemakanan, aktiviti fizikal, kawalan ‘screen time’ serta penjagaan tidur yang sihat