‘A fly in the ointment’

The small endobronchial malignancies are rare entity that can cause obstruction of the major airways, causing symptoms such as dyspnoea, cough, haemoptysis and postobstructive pneumonia. The obstruction may lead to gradual asphyxiation. Case series of four patients: primary carcinoid, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and mixed squamo-adenocarcinoma are reviewed. This paper describes each of these cases including the clinical presentation, plain film at presentation, CT abnormalities and discusses the utility of CT in their diagnosis. Treatment and progression of disease also will be discussed

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as a uterine cervical mass.

We report a 43-year-old woman who presented with post-coital bleeding. Pelvic examination revealed a uterine cervical mass, which confirmed to be large B cell lymphoma on histopathological examination. Computed tomography showed a primary lesion in the uterine cervix with no lymph node or other extranodal involvement. The patient responded to CHOP (cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, vincristine and prednisolone) chemotherapy regime with no major side effects

Retroperitoneal intramuscular haemangioma: Imaging features.

Retroperitoneal intramuscular haemangiomas are quite rare. Interruption of the muscle layer by intramuscular cavernous haemangioma raised the suspicion of a soft tissue sarcoma. We discuss the radiological characteristics of a haemangioma compared to soft tissue sarcoma

Bilateral pyogenic psoas abscesses with inferior vena cava thrombosis.

Psoas abscess is a rare clinical entity. Rarely, it is associated with thrombosis of the inferior vena cava. This report is of a 36-year-old woman with bilateral pyogenic psoas abscesses with spondylodiscitis complicated by thrombosis of the inferior vena cava. The pathogenesis and imaging features of this condition are discussed

Primary mediastinal myxoid liposarcoma

In this study, we report an extremely rare case of liposarcoma which arises primarily in mediastinum. The patient appeared to have progressive dyspnoea and prolonged cough for a duration of one year. Chest radiograph and Computed Tomography (CT) of the thorax revealed a large right mediastinal mass with fatty component. It was confi rmed to be primary liposarcoma on histopathological examination

Recurrent intussusception in an adult with variable appearances on CT scan and laparotomy findings

Intussusception in adult is a rare and the management of this is still controversy. We report such a case of recurrent proximal small bowel intussusception in an adult which has variable appearances on Computed Tomography and laparotomy findings. Intussusception can recur again if underlying caused was not treated or removed. Surgical intervention with treatment or removal underlying cause of intussusception in adult is suggested to prevent recurrent of intussusception

A Qualitative Study on the Determination of Healthy Cafeteria Practice in Selangor, Malaysia

The prevalence of obesity around the world is increasing yearly. Dietary intake, physical inactivity, and sedentary lifestyle are the common causes of obesity. This situation has created an urge to improve a healthy eating environment in the community. Eating outside is more common nowadays especially during working hours. Workers normally will have their meal at the cafeteria. Their dietary intake is directly affected by the availability of food choices at the cafeteria. Thus, a qualitative study was conducted to identify the perceptions of healthy cafeteria among food operators in Selangor, Malaysia. Eleven food handlers at three selected cafeterias were recruited by a convenience sampling based on the inclusion criteria of the study. The respondents consist of three full-time managers, five full-time food handlers, and three full-time cleaners. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the aid of video and audio recording. The phenomenon of interest was to explore the perceptions, suggestions, challenges and limitation of healthy cafeteria practice among cafeteria operators. The interview transcripts were analysed verbatim based on the objectives and identified themes of the study. Themes include food safety, food handling course, food availability, methods of cooking, foods’ hygiene and sanitation.  Findings showed that most of the respondents have the similar understanding of healthy cafeteria in which includes healthy menu and clean environment. The respondents also have the knowledge on food safety. The challenges faced by the food handlers were making sure every staff has the correct understanding of healthy foods, using the safe kitchen utensils and financial constraint. Regarding promoting healthy cafeteria environment, the respondents suggested to provide printed educational materials, serve healthy menu selections, organise healthy eating campaign and provide appropriates kitchen utensils. This study revealed that training on food safety and education on healthy food choices are important to provide a healthy eating environment.Keywords: Obesity; Healthy Cafeteria, Food Safety; Healthy Eating.ISSN: 2398-4287© 2017. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia

A deadly hole: postmortem multislice computed tomography of gunshot injury

We report a case of a fatal gunshot injury to the chest which illustrates the compatibility of the Postmortem Multislice Computed Tomography (PMCT) features with that of conventional forensic autopsy findings. This case demonstrates that the PMCT has high potential to enhance the investigation and performance of conventional forensic autopsy

Random walkers based breast thermography image segmentation

The leading cancer diagnosed in woman in Malaysia and Asia Pacific region is the breast cancer. With the introduction of standardized image interpretation criterion and the increase in computational capacity coupled with the renewed interest from the medical community, breast thermography is now being considered as an adjacent to the mammography. The lack of any ionizing radiation makes thermography an ideal method for initial screening of young women, also the chemotherapy progress can be easily monitored by thermography while other methods such as mammography cannot be used due to the caused radiation. Despite the fact that computer aided detection/diagnosis (CAD) of breast thermography has become highly accurate, Image segmentation methods for breast thermography remained at a moderately accuracy, while the basis for any good CAD system is a proper segmentation. To address this issue a new framework based on random walkers were developed to segment breasts in thermography images. In breast thermography diagnostic, proper detection and segmentation of the breast boundaries present the biggest challenge. As the boundaries of breasts, especially in the upper quadrants, are usually not present, this produces a great deal of challenge to segment breasts automatically. Many approaches have been developed to segment the breast in thermography such as Snakes, Active Contours and Circular Hough Transforms, but most of these methods fail to detect the boundaries of the breast with the required level of accuracy especially the upper boundaries of the breast, while most of them require the image to be manually adjusted and cropped to ensure proper segmentation. By utilizing random walkers, the breast can be segmented accurately and automatically which in turn will increase the accuracy and the reliability of human interpretation and/or computer aided detection/diagnosis systems

The 4CS in harm reduction programmes: a case of needle syringe exchange programme using total quality management / Sharifah Fadzlon Abdul Hamid … [et al.]

This paper intends to study the costs associated with harm reduction. Harm reduction is a way of dealing with behavior that damages the health of the persons involved and their community. Many individuals acquire these damaging behaviours (for example, smoking, drinking too much alcohol, practicing un-safe sex and drug abuse) are well aware of the adverse consequential effects on their health. Needle Syringe Exchange Programme (NSEP) is one such harm reduction programme recommended by the WHO (World Health Organization) to the Ministry of Health in Malaysia in 2005 and has produced encouraging results. Using the concept of Total Quality Management (TQM), the researchers identified and classified the costs involved in the harm reduction programme. The main principle of TQM with its emphasis on the cost of prevention is highly relevant in harm reduction programmes, which is similar to its emphasis on ‘prevention is better than cure’. Hence, this management accounting model which the researchers termed the 4Cs (currently in the process of being trademarked) is highly relevant and applicable in any harm reduction programme