The Study of Teacher Competence of Teachers at Schools in the Three Southern Provinces of Thailand

 The research study aimed to determine the teacher competence level and investigate the relationship between teacher qualification, teaching experience, and school size and teacher competence of teachers at schools in the three southern border provinces of Thailand. The method of survey research was used through questionnaire. The unit of analysis was teachers, 750 were selected by simple random sampling methods from nine educational regions, 18 secondary schools, under the Basic Education Commission of Thailand (OBEC) at Narathiwas, Pattani, and Yala province. The instrument used for collecting data was a questionnaire, constructed by the researcher, employing the professional standards of knowledge and experience from the Teacher Council of Thailand (2005) containing nine competence areas. The Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient for the reliability was 0.96. The questionnaire consisted of two parts; part one cover up independent variables, part two was 5- rating scale questionnaire pertaining to teacher competence. The statistical devices used in analyzing data were descriptive statistics; percentage, arithmetic mean, standard deviation to determine the teacher competence level and employed the Pearson’s Product Moment Correlations Coefficient to investigate the relationship between teacher qualification, teaching experience, and school size and teacher competence.The findings revealed three features that most of (1) the teachers (92.88%) hold bachelor degree; very few teachers (6.23%) hold master degree or higher degree. Most of the teachers (71.07%) had teaching experience of more than 10 years. (2) The level of teacher competence of teachers at schools in the three southern border provinces of Thailand was at high level. 'Teachership' was the highest teacher competence. In order from the highest to the lowest of nine competence areas, the ranking was teachership; psychology for teachers; educational measurement and evaluation; classroom management; learning management; educational innovation and information technology, language and technology for teachers; curriculum development; and educational research. 3) An analysis of the relationship between teacher qualification, teaching experience, and school size and teacher competence of teachers was conducted. This was carried out in the three southern border provinces of Thailand by using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficients. The results revealed that: (a )There was a positive, significant relationship, between teacher qualification and teaching experience, teacher competence areas in language and technology for teachers, curriculum development, and educational research.(b) There was positive, significant relationship, between teaching experience and school size, teacher competence areas of curriculum development: This was a negative significant relationship with competence areas in language and technology for teachers and educational innovation and information technology.The results of the findings provide several directions for future research and practice. The results confirm the value of professional teacher standards of knowledge and experience for teachers and educators and its relations in the context of the schools in the three southern border provinces of Thailand

STUDY THE EFFICACY OF PRATISARAN AGNIKARMA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF KADARA W.S.R. TO CORN

Ayurveda is the ancient system of health-care and longevity. It involves a holistic view of man, their health and illness. It is the source of divine knowledge which has enlightens the path of complete solace since edges. Man, the superior most of all the species is always remaining in search of one primary goal i.e. normal health from Vedic era to space age. All the researches have been directed by eminent scholars to achieve the same. In modern science even though there are varieties of modalities aiming at cure of corn viz. soft shoes and soft pads at the pressure points of sole, Salicylic acid, Corn cap, Surgical excision etc. But none of them are complete and devoid of recurrence. Corn has a notorious tendency to recur after excision. Acharya Sushruta has earmarked that the disease which is not cured by Bhaishajya, Kshara and Shastra those diseases markedly cured by Agnikarma procedure.  In our present study we had taken 60 patients, in two groups, 30 patients in each group. The first group is experimental group i.e. Pratisaran Agnikarma and second is control group i.e. excision of corn. We have taken observations viz., age, sex, occupation, weight, nature of work, use of footwear etc., by which we can observe the characteristics of disease in these conditions. To assess the nature of disease we have taken assessment criteria like Vedana (pain), elevation, hyperkeratosis, Spershasahatva (tenderness), ulceration, discharge and consistency. From above criteria we made the result of effectiveness of treatment by using Wilcoxon signed rank test and Mann Whiteny’s U test on 0.001% level of significance and it was concluded that Pratisaran Agnikarma acts as Shulahara, Lekhana, Chedana, Bhedana and para surgical on Kadara. &nbsp

Direct torque control scheme for a six-phase induction motor with reduced torque ripple

This paper presents an improved direct torque control (DTC) method for an asymmetrical six-phase induction motor using a two-level six-phase inverter. As is well-known, a simple extension of three-phase direct torque control technique to an asymmetrical six-phase motor, using large vectors only, introduces significant current harmonics of the order 6n±1 (n = 1,3,5,…), which are mapped into the non-flux/torque producing (xy) plane. These harmonics cause only losses in the motor winding as they do not take part in torque production. Hence a number of different improved DTC techniques have been developed in the past for multiphase motor drives. The paper takes one such DTC method as the starting point and improves it further by using the concept of virtual voltage vectors. Developed vector selection algorithm, based on two virtual voltage vectors, requires the information on position of the flux in the auxiliary (xy) subspace and provides stator current quality commensurate with the currently available best DTC algorithm for six-phase drives. However, use of two virtual voltage vectors enables a substantial reduction of the torque ripple, which is achieved by means of a five-level torque comparator. Extensive experimentation is performed and it is shown that the reduction of the current harmonics is in essence almost the same as in another recently developed DTC scheme, based on the use of a single virtual voltage vector. However, the achieved torque ripple reduction, which is verified experimentally, makes the scheme superior when compared to the existing approaches. At the same time, developed scheme retains qualities of conventional DTC schemes, such as simple structure and fast response. Its additional beneficial feature is the easiness of implementation

AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON NIDANARTHAKARA ROGA SIDDHANTA W.S.R. TO PRATISHYAYAT SANJAYTE KASA

Nidan (causative factor) plays important role in course and onset of any disease. Many times one disease may become the cause of another disease. The concept is explained by Acharya Charaka under the heading Nidanarthakara Roga. Further he has narrated the examples of Nidanarthakara roga as Pratishyaya, Kasa, Kshaya, Shosha, Udara etc. In day to day practice it is very important to know the Nidanarthakaratwa of any disease. It not only leads to development of another disease but also hampers the immunity of patient also. The present observational study was carried out with the prime aim of assessing Nidanarthakaratwa of Pratishyaya. The study included 60 patients between the age group 16-60 having the clinical sign and symptoms of Kasa. Along with general observations the observations relating previous history of Pratishyaya in Kasa patient were also noted to find out Nidanarthakaratwa of Pratishyaya in Kasa. The detail observations like course, onset and type of Nidan were also noted to find out Nidanarthakaratwa of Pratishyaya in Kasa Vyadhi. It was found that more than 50% patients of Kasa were previously suffered from Pratishyaya which supports the Charakokta Nidanarthakara Roga Siddhant Pratishyayat Sanjayte Kasa. The importance or scope of the present study is to make aware the people about Nidanarthakaratwa of Pratishyaya. Also early intervention is necessary in Pratishyaya and Dushta condition of Pratishyaya should not be neglected

Attitudes towards women's political participation: base line survey

"Aware Girls with the support of Common Wealth Foundation and Peace Direct started a program to strengthen democracy and improve good governance through political empowerment of young women in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. The program was developed after Election Monitoring of General Elections 2013 by Aware Girls, which revealed the challenges to young women's participation in civic, political and electoral processes"

Survey on the perceptions and attitudes of people towards domestic abuse in Pakistan

"Aware Girls conducted a small survey to find out the general perception and attitudes of people towards the issue of domestic violence mostly intimate partner violence. The survey was conducted for the purpose of designing social media campaigns for addressing the issue of violence against women through sensitization, awareness raising and educational activities. The responses were collected through social media so only perspectives of those who have access to social media and can read have been captured"

Study the influence of formulation process parameters on solubility and dissolution enhancement of efavirenz solid solutions prepared by hot-melt extrusion: a QbD methodology

The current study investigates the dissolution rate performance of amorphous solid solutions of a poorly water-soluble drug, efavirenz (EFV), in amorphous Soluplus® (SOL) and Kollidon® VA 64 (KVA64) polymeric systems. For the purpose of the study, various formulations with varying drug loadings of 30, 50, and 70% w/w were developed via hot-melt extrusion processing and adopting a Box–Behnken design of experiment (DoE) approach. The polymers were selected based on the Hansen solubility parameter calculation and the prediction of the possible drug-polymer miscibility. In DoE experiments, a Box–Behnken factorial design was conducted to evaluate the effect of independent variables such as Soluplus® ratio (A1), HME screw speed (A2), and processing temperature (A3), and Kollidon®VA64 ratio (B1), screw speed (B2), and processing temperature (B3) on responses such as solubility (X1 and Y1) and dissolution rate (X2 and Y2) for both ASS [EFV:SOL] and BSS [EFV:KVA64] systems. DSC and XRD data confirmed that bulk crystalline EFV transformed to amorphous form during the HME processing. Advanced chemical analyses conducted via 2D COSY NMR, FTIR chemical imaging, AFM analysis, and FTIR showed that EFV was homogenously dispersed in the respective polymer matrices. The maximum solubility and dissolution rate was observed in formulations containing 30% EFV with both SOL and KVA64 alone. This could be attributed to the maximum drug-polymer miscibility in the optimized formulations. The actual and predicted values of both responses were found precise and close to each other

Development of stripper harvester for paddy

Konkan is the coastal part of Maharashtra between Western Ghat and Arabian seacoast. Rice is a major crop grown over 3.86 lakh hectares. Stripper harvesting technology, which strips only seeds and keeps straw erect-ed in the field present bright prospect for the development of small, light, efficient mechanism by reducing number of operation with increased capacity and lesser power compared to conventional cutter bar combine harvester. The big machines like combine harvester and high capacity threshers for harvesting and threshing have limitations. A proto-type of paddy stripper harvester was developed considering the limitation of Konkan like small, fragmented land, hilly, terrace farming and high rainfall. It consisted of stripping mechanism, grain tank, hydraulic system, steering system, gear box, engine, cage wheel and chassis. The arrangement of V-belt and set of pulleys were made to transmit power from gear box to stripper rotor. The effect of forward speed and peripheral speed on shattered and un-stripped grain loss was studied. The shattered grain loss was decreased with increase in forward speed whereas decreased initially and then increased with increase in peripheral speed. The un-stripped grain loss was decreased with increase in forward and peripheral speed. The performance of the developed prototype was found better at forward speed of 2.25 km/h and peripheral speed of 19.78 m/s. During final testing of prototype, shattered and un-stripped grain loss was found 5.95 and 1.89 %, respectively. The average field capacity and field efficiency of paddy stripper harvester machine was found 0.14 ha/h and 69.38 per cent respectively