Looking Beyond AFTA: Prospects and Challenges for Inter-regional Trade

The world-trading environment has witnessed the proliferation of regional trading arrangements during the last decade. This development has been accompanied by the perceived threat this may bring to the rules-based multilateral trading system. The Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN), for its part, has not only reaffirmed its commitment to move forward beyond the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and toward a higher level of economic integration, but is also looking at enhanced interaction and closer linkages with other regional groupings. This paper examines the prospects and challenges for expanding AFTA for inter-regional trade by first identifying the elements and principles that should govern such an expansion for it to contribute toward global liberalization. Areas for inter-regional linkages are also identified, highlighting the issues and conflicts that may arise considering the differing objectives and scope that AFTA has with the other trade blocs with which it may want to develop an inter-regional linkage. Some probable arrangements for linking/expanding AFTA with other groupings or non-ASEAN countries are then explored, particularly those involving the Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relation (CER), the East Asian Countries and the Andean Community.trade liberalization, trade reforms, trade sector, liberalization, ASEAN, trade policies, Andean Community

Looking Beyond AFTA: Prospects and Challenges for Inter-regional Trade

The world-trading environment has witnessed the proliferation of regional trading arrangements during the last decade. This development has been accompanied by the perceived threat this may bring to the rules-based multilateral trading system. The Association of Southeast Nations (ASEAN), for its part, has not only reaffirmed its commitment to move forward beyond the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and toward a higher level of economic integration, but is also looking at enhanced interaction and closer linkages with other regional groupings. This paper examines the prospects and challenges for expanding AFTA for inter-regional trade by first identifying the elements and principles that should govern such an expansion for it to contribute toward global liberalization. Areas for inter-regional linkages are also identified, highlighting the issues and conflicts that may arise considering the differing objectives and scope that AFTA has with the other trade blocs with which it may want to develop an inter-regional linkage. Some probable arrangements for linking/expanding AFTA with other groupings or non-ASEAN countries are then explored, particularly those involving the Australia-New Zealand Closer Economic Relation (CER), the East Asian Countries and the Andean Community.trade liberalization, trade reforms, trade sector, liberalization, ASEAN, trade policies, Andean Community

Star formation history in the solar neighborhood: the link between stars and cosmology

Using a cosmological galactic evolutionary approach to model the Milky Way, we calculate the star formation history (SFH) of the solar neighborhood. The good agreement we obtain with the observational inferences suggests that our physical model describes accurately the long term/large spatial trends of the local and global Milky Way SFH. In this model, star formation is triggered by disk gravitational instabilities and self-regulated by an energy balance in the ISM. The drivers of the SFH are the cosmological gas infall rate and the gas surface density determined by the primordial spin parameter. A LambdaCDM cosmology was used throughout.Comment: 8 pages, uses kluwer.cls. Invited talk, to appear in "New Quests in Stellar Astrophysics: The link between Stars and Cosmology", eds. M. Chavez, A. Bressan, A. Buzzoni & D. Mayya, Kluwer Academic Publisher

Alternativa de um programa de luz para poedeiras leves alojadas no Sul do Brasil.

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Programa de muda forçada para poedeiras comerciais.

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Variáveis relacionadas ao rendimento da incubação de ovos em matrizes de frangos de corte.

bitstream/item/58383/1/CUsersPiazzonDocuments246.pdfAcesso em: 13 jun. 2007

Anomalously strong pinning of the filling factor nu=2 in epitaxial graphene

We explore the robust quantization of the Hall resistance in epitaxial graphene grown on Si-terminated SiC. Uniquely to this system, the dominance of quantum over classical capacitance in the charge transfer between the substrate and graphene is such that Landau levels (in particular, the one at exactly zero energy) remain completely filled over an extraordinarily broad range of magnetic fields. One important implication of this pinning of the filling factor is that the system can sustain a very high nondissipative current. This makes epitaxial graphene ideally suited for quantum resistance metrology, and we have achieved a precision of 3 parts in 10^10 in the Hall resistance quantization measurements

Utilização de cerca elétrica para contenção de aves no sistema semi-confinado de produção.

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Relay synchronization in multiplex networks

Relay (or remote) synchronization between two not directly connected oscillators in a network is an important feature allowing distant coordination. In this work, we report a systematic study of this phenomenon in multiplex networks, where inter-layer synchronization occurs between distant layers mediated by a relay layer that acts as a transmitter. We show that this transmission can be extended to higher order relay configurations, provided symmetry conditions are preserved. By first order perturbative analysis, we identify the dynamical and topological dependencies of relay synchronization in a multiplex. We find that the relay synchronization threshold is considerably reduced in a multiplex configuration, and that such synchronous state is mostly supported by the lower degree nodes of the outer layers, while hubs can be de-multiplexed without affecting overall coherence. Finally, we experimentally validated the analytical and numerical findings by means of a multiplex of three layers of electronic circuits.the analytical and numerical findings by means of a multiplex of three layers of electronic circuits

Efeito de tratamentos sobre a carga bacteriana de cama de aviário reutilizada em frangos de corte.

bitstream/item/58058/1/CUsersPiazzonDocuments467.pdfProjeto n. 03.04.35.100.0