Emissões de N2o de um chernossolo cultivado : o tempo ideal do dia para amostragem e papel da temperatura do solo

1814-1819The correct use of closed field chambers to determine N2O emissions requires defining the time of day that best represents the daily mean N2O flux. A short-term field experiment was carried out on a Mollisol soil, on which annual crops were grown under no-till management in the Pampa Ondulada of Argentina. The N2O emission rates were measured every 3 h for three consecutive days. Fluxes ranged from 62.58 to 145.99 ug N-N2O m-2 h-1 (average of five field chambers) and were negatively related (R2 equal 0.34, p less than 0.01) to topsoil temperature (14 - 20 oC). N2O emission rates measured between 9:00 and 12:00 am presented a high relationship to daily mean N2O flux (R2 equal 0.87, p less than 0.01), showing that, in the study region, sampling in the mornings is preferable for GHG

Training New Designers for Interaction: GINA, A Game Design Workshop for Improbing Sensitivity Toward Interactive Dynamics and Synaesthetic Perception

In this paper we present GINA, a game design workshop at the Industrial Design Faculty of the Politecnico di Milano, performed during the last two academic years with the students of the first year of the Master Course (Laurea Magistrale). GINA stands for Gioco (game) - Interazione (interaction) - Narrazione (storytelling) - Animazione (animation). In these workshops, Game Design is not seen as a fixed procedure such as standard methods from the field of software developing, but as a strategy to practice designing for unusual contexts, considering narrative, aesthetic and technical issues, as well a mean to introduce several aspects of interactive multimedia product design. During the workshop we have imposed some formal constraints to the game development, in order to sustain a creative approach to Game Design and to lead students toward a conversation between the operative image creation and the design situation understanding. The constraints referred to the narrative environment (chosen from the classical Roman literature and the popular wisdom), to the design of visual virtual contexts (that were inspired to specific arts movements) and to the game and interactive schemes (taken from the world of digital interactive art). This approach describes how game play design could evolve beyond “classical” interactive schemas that are currently available. Finally the game design activity is discussed as a learning process where specifications, information visualizations and interactive art can be used to consolidate industrial design methods and techniques

Mitochondrial DNA reveals Pleistocenic colonisation of the Mediterranean by loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta)

As the loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) is a philopatric species with a strong genetic structure, the analysis of mtDNA can be used to track evolutionary and colonisation events. In this study we use a genetic approach to understand the population structure of C. caretta in the Mediterranean Sea and to test whether loggerheads could have colonised the Mediterranean during the Pleistocene and survived the cold phases in warm refugia. We amplified a long mtDNA D-loop fragment (815. bp) from 168 dead hatchlings sampled from a selection of rookeries in the Eastern Mediterranean: Libya, Israel, Lebanon, Cyprus and Greece. Previously published data from Turkey and Calabria (Southern Italy) were also included in the analyses. The population nesting in Libya emerged as the oldest population in the Mediterranean, dating from the Pleistocene ca. 65,000. years ago (20,000-200,000). This reveals that the Libyan population might have settled in the Mediterranean basin before the end of the last glacial period. The remaining nesting sites, except Calabria, were subsequently colonised as the population expanded. The populations nesting in Eastern Turkey and Western Greece settled ca. 30,000. years ago (10,000-100,000), whereas the remaining populations originated as a result of a more recent Holocenic expansion. As Calabria presented a unique Atlantic haplotype, found nowhere else in the Mediterranean, we consider this nesting site as the result of an independent colonisation event from the Atlantic and not the recent spread of Mediterranean populations. This reveals that the current genetic structure of C. caretta rookeries in the Mediterranean would be the result of at least two colonisation events from the Atlantic, the oldest one in Libya and a most recent in Calabria, combined with local extinctions during Pleistocenic glaciations and re-colonisations from glacial refugia in Libya, Eastern Turkey and Western Greece. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.Peer Reviewe

Terapia chirurgica della litiasi secondaria delle vie biliari principali

LUGLIO SETTEMBRE 198

turtles in Turkey

The concentrations of Cd, Pb, Fe, Cr, Ni, Se, Sb, As and Cu were investigated in the nesting environment of green turtles in Mediterranean Sea near Kazanli, Mersin-Turkey. Tissues of plants growing on the beach and the adjacent environment, beach sand, sea ground sediment, sea grass as well as the egg shells from the nests were analyzed and the results showed no significant high levels of heavy metals detected. The higher levels of metals (Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd and As) were found in the samples from ground sea sediments. Ni and Sb were found at higher levels in river waters and Fe was at the highest in field soil. The high levels of Pb, Fe and Cd were also detected in sea grass, and the Cr, Cu and Ni in sea lily when comparison made with other plants. The levels of essential elements such as Fe and Cu were detected as the highest in most of the specimens. The herbivorous green turtles might be affected from the heavy metal concentrations in the future, since they feed on mainly sea grass. The accumulation of heavy metals via rivers into the sea might cause some pollution problems.C1 Pamukkale Univ, Fac Arts & Sci, Dept Biol, Denizli, Turkey.Pamukkale Univ, Fac Educ, Dept Sci Teaching, Denizli, Turkey.Naucrates, Onlus Friends Sea Turtles, I-22063 Cantu, CO, Italy.Pamukkale Univ, Fac Arts & Sci, Dept Chem, Denizli, Turkey