Phosphorylation by the stress-activated MAPK Slt2 down-regulates the yeast TOR complex 2

Saccharomyces cerevisiae target of rapamycin (TOR) complex 2 (TORC2) is an essential regulator of plasma membrane lipid and protein homeostasis. How TORC2 activity is modulated in response to changes in the status of the cell envelope is unclear. Here we document that TORC2 subunit Avo2 is a direct target of Slt2, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) of the cell wall integrity pathway. Activation of Slt2 by overexpression of a constitutively active allele of an upstream Slt2 activator (Pkc1) or by auxin-induced degradation of a negative Slt2 regulator (Sln1) caused hyperphosphorylation of Avo2 at its MAPK phosphoacceptor sites in a Slt2-dependent manner and diminished TORC2-mediated phosphorylation of its major downstream effector, protein kinase Ypk1. Deletion of Avo2 or expression of a phosphomimetic Avo2 allele rendered cells sensitive to two stresses (myriocin treatment and elevated exogenous acetic acid) that the cell requires Ypk1 activation by TORC2 to survive. Thus, Avo2 is necessary for optimal TORC2 activity, and Slt2-mediated phosphorylation of Avo2 down-regulates TORC2 signaling. Compared with wild-type Avo2, phosphomimetic Avo2 shows significant displacement from the plasma membrane, suggesting that Slt2 inhibits TORC2 by promoting Avo2 dissociation. Our findings are the first demonstration that TORC2 function is regulated by MAPK-mediated phosphorylation.Comment: This work was supported by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Predoctoral Traineeship GM07232 and a University of California at Berkeley MacArthur and Lakhan-Pal Graduate Fellowship to K.L.L., Erwin Schroedinger Fellowship J3787-B21 from the Austrian Science Fund to AE-A, Marie Sklodowska-Curie Action H2020-MSCA-IF-2016 InsiliCardio, GA 75083 to CMA, and NIH R01 research grant GM21841 to J

Three-Dimensional Home Range of the Eastern Fox Squirrel, Sciurus niger

Standard procedures for presenting home range data for species such as the fox squirrel on a single plane do not adequately represent the space they occupy. Comparisons of techniques for presenting the home range of this species on a three-dimensional basis were made using data obtained by direct observations of color marked squirrels. Three-dimensional ellipsoid models of their range varied from 9,154 m3 to 63,811 m3 and were assumed to be more accurate when observation points approached 50 in number. Rectangular parallelepipeds for the same data ranged from 9,784 m3 to 56,836 m3 and resulted in narrow, linear home ranges. Space within these three-dimensional models was not occupied uniformly since squirrel movements were recorded either at ground level or in the canopy. The most realistic representation of home range, therefore, was as two independent ellipses representing these two planes

Economic growth in low income countries: How the G20 can help to raise and sustain it

This paper aims to operationalise the G20 commitment to ensure that the benefits of global growth are shared with Low Income Countries. Growth is central to poverty reduction and the achievement of MDGs, and in developing countries it is episodic and volatile. However, while the current LICs have poor growth histories, the countries that started off the 1960s as LICs have had virtually the same average growth rates as other country groups. We review the evidence connecting long-run growth and growth accelerations and collapses to six areas of policy: trade, skills development, macro-stability, financial development, infrastructure investment and human development. Growth strategies have to be developed and owned by LIC governments and societies and they need to be tailored to individual country needs. However, there are some things which the G20 can do to help. We group these actions under three headings: mitigating downturns, boosting underlying growth rates and developing institutions and knowledge. A final annex describes how Korea’s spectacular growth strategy can be viewed through these lenses.growth, low income countries, G20

Three-Dimensional Home Range of the Eastern Fox Squirrel, Sciurus niger

Standard procedures for presenting home range data for species such as the fox squirrel on a single plane do not adequately represent the space they occupy. Comparisons of techniques for presenting the home range of this species on a three-dimensional basis were made using data obtained by direct observations of color marked squirrels. Three-dimensional ellipsoid models of their range varied from 9,154 m3 to 63,811 m3 and were assumed to be more accurate when observation points approached 50 in number. Rectangular parallelepipeds for the same data ranged from 9,784 m3 to 56,836 m3 and resulted in narrow, linear home ranges. Space within these three-dimensional models was not occupied uniformly since squirrel movements were recorded either at ground level or in the canopy. The most realistic representation of home range, therefore, was as two independent ellipses representing these two planes

Restriction on the energy and luminosity of e+e- storage rings due to beamstrahlung

The role of beamstrahlung in high-energy e+e- storage-ring colliders (SRCs) is examined. Particle loss due to the emission of single energetic beamstrahlung photons is shown to impose a fundamental limit on SRC luminosities at energies 2E_0 >~ 140 GeV for head-on collisions and 2E_0 >~ 40 GeV for crab-waist collisions. With beamstrahlung taken into account, we explore the viability of SRCs in the E_0=240-500 GeV range, which is of interest in the precision study of the Higgs boson. At 2E_0=240 GeV, SRCs are found to be competitive with linear colliders; however, at 2E_0=400-500 GeV, the attainable SRC luminosity would be a factor 15-25 smaller than desired.Comment: Latex, 5 pages. v2 differs only by minor changes is abstract and introduction, one reference is added. v3 corresponds to the paper published in PR

Mind Set of Indian Accounting Professionals and Environmental Accounting

Those who do not plan, cannot control and it is difficult for them to control if they do not have an accurate measurement. Those who do not measure cannot report. If not reported, the regulating authorities and governments will not have an effective control on pollution to fulfill the global requirements. The mindset of financial accounting professionals who prepare financial accounts and reporting to shareholders and management is positive which would help the Government of India for the implementation of environmental accounting and reporting to the stake holders. Structured questionnaire were used and collected as primary data. The accounting professionals were in the opinion that reporting on environment related issues of the company would give positive impact on the Indian companies

A STUDY ON IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE ACCOUNTING IN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS – WITHSPECIAL REFERENCE TO BANGALORE CITY COLLEGES

From a decade most of the corporate have started accounting the value of the employees using varies approaches. The reason being, the value and importance of Human Resource which is considered as the most successful resource of an organization is recognized and identified. Human resources accounting is the process of identifying and reporting the investment made in the human resources of an organization to the interested parties. The main concept behind Human Resources Accounting is the investment made on each employee and the value generated by them. In this context, it is immense difficult to account the resources of institutions in which profits and productivity heavily depends on intangible assets. This attempt becomes much difficult in the case of knowledge carriers and intellectuals. Intellectual capital has become an accounting component since a decade. Here is an attempt to quantify the investment made in intellectual and knowledge resources and obtain their future value. This paper aims at studying the concept behind quantifying and accounting for Human Assets in academic institution that help in the development of the institution and society. For this study, four colleges namely St. Josephs College of commerce, JyotiNivas College, Krupanidhi College and Vijaya College have been studied. A questionnaire was used to obtain the opinion of the employees and management in this concept. On the analysis of the data it was discovered that most of the employees and management feel that Human Resource Accounting in academics should be introduced. Here Chi square test, a statistical tool, is used to prove hypothesis. The test proves that HRA will create a positive impact on the teaching faculties. There will be a significant impact on the productivity of the teachers and goodwill of the institution. In other words, introduction of Human Resource Accounting will increase the efficiency of the teachers and goodwill of the institution

Determination of Sugars in Soft Drinks by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

The fructose, glucose and sucrose contents of selected soft' drinks available in Malaysian markets were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The soft drinks tested had a soluble sugar content of between 8.5 to 15.3 g 100 ml- 1 • The average fructose, glucose and sucrose contents werefound to be in the ranges of 0 - 6. 7, 0 - 6.9 and 0 - 10.5 g 100 ml I respectively. The content of individual sugars were found to be more variable than the content of total sugar in different samples of a specific soft drink

Facial Expression Analysis and The PAD Space

International audienceIn this paper we present a technique for facial expression analysis and representing the underlying emotions in the PAD (Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance) space. We develop a purely appearance based approach using Multi-scale Gaussian derivatives and Support Vector Machines. The system can generalize well and is shown to outperform the baseline method