Optimisme, Harapan, Dukungan Sosial Keluarga, Dan Kualitas Hidup Orang Dengan Epilepsi

Individu dengan penyakit parah seperti epilepsi dengan penyembuhan yang sulit dan terapi yang lama, kualitas hidup menjadi terlihat penting sebagai keluaran perawatan kesehatan yang diharapkan. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk menguji interaksi optimisme, harapan dan dukungan sosial keluarga sebagai prediktor kualitas hidup pada Orang Dengan Epilepsi (ODE). Orang dengan epilepsi direkrut dari Klinik Epilepsi di Departemen Neurology Rumah Sakit Cipto Mangunkusumo Jakarta. Sebanyak 62 pasien epilepsi berhasil direkrut menjadi subjek dalam kurun waktu Mei 2009 sampai Juli 2009. Kualitas hidup orang dengan epilepsi, optimisme, harapan, dan dukungan sosial keluarga diukur menggunakan kuesioner dan juga melalui wawancara terhadap 5 orang pasien Klinik Epilepsi di Jakarta dan 4 orang di Semarang dan Yogyakarta. Optimisme, harapan, dukungan sosial keluarga memiliki kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap kualitas hidup. Menggunakan korelasi parsial tampak bahwa terdapat korelasi positif antara kualitas hidup dengan optimisme. Hasil wawancara memperlihatkan bahwa kualitas hidup secara efektif dipengaruhi oleh kesehatan fisik (aura, fungsi kognitif dan fisik), kesehatan psikis (kecemasan, kepercayaan diri, rasa malu, optimisme, harapan), dan kesehatan sosial (stigma, diskriminasi, dukungan sosial, peran sosial di pekerjaan dan pendidikan). Peran untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup ODE tidak hanya berfokus pada parahnya epilepsi yang diderita, namun juga efek sosial dan psikologis dari epilepsi itu sendiri

Volatilome of chill-stored European Seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets and Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) slices under modified atmosphere packaging

Fish spoilage occurs due to production of metabolites during storage, from bacterial action and chemical reactions, which leads to sensory rejection. Investigating the volatilome profile can reveal the potential spoilage markers. The evolution of volatile organic molecules during storage of European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fillets and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) slices under modified atmosphere packaging at 2 °C was recorded by solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), microbiological, and sensory changes were also monitored. The shelf life of seabass fillets and salmon slices was 10.5 days. Pseudomonas and H2S-producing bacteria were the dominant microorganisms in both fish. TVB-N increased from the middle of storage, but never reached concentrations higher than the regulatory limit of 30–35 mg N/100 g. The volatilome consisted of a number of aldehydes, ketones, alcohols and esters, common to both fish species. However, different evolution patterns were observed, indicating the effect of fish substrate on microbial growth and eventually the generation of volatiles. The compounds 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, 2,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanedione and acetic acid could be proposed as potential spoilage markers. The identification and quantification of the volatilities of specific fish species via the development of a database with the fingerprint of fish species stored under certain storage conditions can help towards rapid spoilage assessment

A high-resolution map of the Grp1 locus on chromosome V of potato harbouring broad-spectrum resistance to the cyst nematode species Globodera pallida and Globodera rostochiensis

The Grp1 locus confers broad-spectrum resistance to the potato cyst nematode species Globodera pallida and Globodera rostochiensis and is located in the GP21-GP179 interval on the short arm of chromosome V of potato. A high-resolution map has been developed using the diploid mapping population RHAM026, comprising 1,536 genotypes. The flanking markers GP21 and GP179 have been used to screen the 1,536 genotypes for recombination events. Interval mapping of the resistances to G. pallida Pa2 and G. rostochiensis Ro5 resulted in two nearly identical LOD graphs with the highest LOD score just north of marker TG432. Detailed analysis of the 44 recombinant genotypes showed that G. pallida and G. rostochiensis resistance could not be separated and map to the same location between marker SPUD838 and TG432. It is suggested that the quantitative resistance to both nematode species at the Grp1 locus is mediated by one or more tightly linked R genes that might belong to the NBS-LRR class

The aromatase inhibitor letrozole and inhibitors of insulin-like growth factor I receptor synergistically induce apoptosis in in vitro models of estrogen-dependent breast cancer

INTRODUCTION: Endocrine-dependent, estrogen receptor positive breast cancer cells proliferate in response to estrogens, synthesized by the cytochrome p450 aromatase enzyme. Letrozole is a potent nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor that is registered for the treatment of postmenopausal women with advanced metastatic breast cancers and in the neoadjuvant, early, and extended adjuvant indications. Because crosstalk exists between estrogen receptor and insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF-IR), the effect of combining a selective IGF-IR inhibitor (NVP-AEW541) with letrozole was assessed in two independent in vitro models of estrogen-dependent breast cancer. METHODS: MCF7 and T47D cells stably expressing aromatase (MCF7/Aro and T47D/Aro) were used as in vitro models of aromatase-driven breast cancer. The role of the IGF-IR pathway in breast cancer cells stimulated only by 17ß-estradiol or androstenedione was assessed by proliferation assays. The combination of letrozole and NVP-AEW541 was assessed for synergy in inhibiting cell proliferation using Chou-Talalay derived equations. Finally, combination or single agent effects on proliferation and apoptosis were assessed using proliferation assays, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting. RESULTS: Both MCF7 and T47D cells, as well as MCF7/Aro and T47D/Aro, exhibited sensitivity to inhibition of 17ß-estradiol dependent proliferation by NVP-AEW541. Letrozole combined with NVP-AEW541 synergistically inhibited androstenedione-dependent proliferation in aromatase-expressing cells with combination index values of 0.6 or less. Synergistic combination effects correlated with higher levels of apoptosis as compared with cells treated with the single agent alone. Treatment with either agent also appeared to inhibit IGF-IR signalling via phosphoinositide 3-kinase. Notably, IGF-IR inhibition had limited effect on estrogen-dependent proliferation in the cell lines, but was clearly required for survival, suggesting that the combination of letrozole and IGF-IR inhibition sensitizes cells to apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Inhibition of the IGF-IR pathway and aromatase was synergistic in two independent estrogen-dependent in vitro models of breast cancer. Moreover, synergism of NVP-AEW541 and letrozole correlated with induction of apoptosis, but not cell cycle arrest, in the cell lines tested. Combination of IGF-IR inhibitors and letrozole may hold promise for the treatment of patients with estrogen-dependent breast cancers

The Cyst Nematode SPRYSEC Protein RBP-1 Elicits Gpa2- and RanGAP2-Dependent Plant Cell Death

Plant NB-LRR proteins confer robust protection against microbes and metazoan parasites by recognizing pathogen-derived avirulence (Avr) proteins that are delivered to the host cytoplasm. Microbial Avr proteins usually function as virulence factors in compatible interactions; however, little is known about the types of metazoan proteins recognized by NB-LRR proteins and their relationship with virulence. In this report, we demonstrate that the secreted protein RBP-1 from the potato cyst nematode Globodera pallida elicits defense responses, including cell death typical of a hypersensitive response (HR), through the NB-LRR protein Gpa2. Gp-Rbp-1 variants from G. pallida populations both virulent and avirulent to Gpa2 demonstrated a high degree of polymorphism, with positive selection detected at numerous sites. All Gp-RBP-1 protein variants from an avirulent population were recognized by Gpa2, whereas virulent populations possessed Gp-RBP-1 protein variants both recognized and non-recognized by Gpa2. Recognition of Gp-RBP-1 by Gpa2 correlated to a single amino acid polymorphism at position 187 in the Gp-RBP-1 SPRY domain. Gp-RBP-1 expressed from Potato virus X elicited Gpa2-mediated defenses that required Ran GTPase-activating protein 2 (RanGAP2), a protein known to interact with the Gpa2 N terminus. Tethering RanGAP2 and Gp-RBP-1 variants via fusion proteins resulted in an enhancement of Gpa2-mediated responses. However, activation of Gpa2 was still dependent on the recognition specificity conferred by amino acid 187 and the Gpa2 LRR domain. These results suggest a two-tiered process wherein RanGAP2 mediates an initial interaction with pathogen-delivered Gp-RBP-1 proteins but where the Gpa2 LRR determines which of these interactions will be productive

A genome-wide genetic map of NB-LRR disease resistance loci in potato

Like all plants, potato has evolved a surveillance system consisting of a large array of genes encoding for immune receptors that confer resistance to pathogens and pests. The majority of these so-called resistance or R proteins belong to the super-family that harbour a nucleotide binding and a leucine-rich-repeat domain (NB-LRR). Here, sequence information of the conserved NB domain was used to investigate the genome-wide genetic distribution of the NB-LRR resistance gene loci in potato. We analysed the sequences of 288 unique BAC clones selected using filter hybridisation screening of a BAC library of the diploid potato clone RH89-039-16 (S. tuberosum ssp. tuberosum) and a physical map of this BAC library. This resulted in the identification of 738 partial and full-length NB-LRR sequences. Based on homology of these sequences with known resistance genes, 280 and 448 sequences were classified as TIR-NB-LRR (TNL) and CC-NB-LRR (CNL) sequences, respectively. Genetic mapping revealed the presence of 15 TNL and 32 CNL loci. Thirty-six are novel, while three TNL loci and eight CNL loci are syntenic with previously identified functional resistance genes. The genetic map was complemented with 68 universal CAPS markers and 82 disease resistance trait loci described in literature, providing an excellent template for genetic studies and applied research in potato

Alternoivien ryhmien ominaisuuksista

Tutkielma käsittelee permutaatioryhmiä, erityisesti parillisista permutaatioista koostuvia alternoivia ryhmiä. Sen päätulokset ovat vähintään astetta viisi olevien alternoivien ryhmien yksinkertaisuus sekä permutaatioryhmän ratoihin liittyvä Ei-Burnsiden lemma. Tutkielman pääasiallisina lähteinä käytetyt teokset ovat I. N. Hersteinin "Abstract Algebra" sekä J. F. Humphreysin "A Course in Group Theory". Tutkielman alussa esitellään ryhmäteorian peruskäsitteitä ja -tuloksia, joita tarvitaan myöhemmin. Tämän jälkeen määritellään permutaatiot sekä niihin liittyvät symmetriset ja alternoivat ryhmät, ja tarkastellaan hieman tarkemmin niiden rakennetta. Seuraavaksi todistetaan permutaatioihin ja alternoivaan ryhmään liittyviä esitietoja, ja sen jälkeen osoitetaan alternoivan ryhmän olevan yksinkertainen, kun sen aste on vähintään viisi. Tämän jälkeen siirrytään permutaatioryhmien soveltamiseen ja todistetaan niihin liittyvä Ei-Burnsiden lemma. Lemman avulla lasketaan joitakin esimerkkejä, jotka osoittavat sen hyödyllisyyden kombinatorisissa tarkasteluissa. Tutkielman lopuksi palataan käsittelemään alternoivaa ryhmää. Viimeisenä tuloksena osoitetaan, että jokaisessa vähintään astetta seitsemän olevassa alternoivassa ryhmässä on permutaatio, jonka kertaluku on suurempi kuin eräs ryhmän asteesta riippuva luku

Analisis Efektivitas Pendidikan Karakter melalui Pendekatan Multikultural pada Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan di Sekolah Dasar

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan efektivitas pendidikan karakter melalui pendekatan multikultural pada pendidikan kewarganegaraan di Sekolah Dasar. Dimana pendidikan karakter tidak memiliki mata pelajaran khusus namun pendidikan karakter tetap diselenggarakan dengan digabungkan ke semua mata pelajaran di Sekolah Dasar, salah satunya adalah mata pelajaran pendidikan kewarganegaraan atau biasa disingkat PPKN. Yang mana diharapkan para generasi muda di masa depan akan tetap terus berperilaku sesuai dengan falsafah Pancasila dan UUD 1945. Maka dari itu para generasi muda penerus bangsa diajarkan karakter mulai dari usia dini yaitu pada pendidikan di jenjang Sekolah Dasar. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif terhadap metode studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, pengamatan dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data terdiri dari reduksi data, penyajian data dan kesimpulan. Sedangkan validitas data menggunakan metode dan waktu triangulasi