Analisis Pengembangan Kecamatan Topoyo Sebagai Daerah Penyangga di Kabupaten Mamuju Tengah Berbasis Potensi Wilayah

Kecamatan Topoyo merupakan satu dari lima kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Mamuju Tengah dengan luas sebesar 884,80 km2. Kecamatan ini memiliki potensi sumber daya alam yang melimpah dari segi perkebunan yang dapat dikembangkan menjadi kawasan industi perkebunan, hal ini dilakukan agar masyarakat yang berada di Kecamatan Topoyo dan sekitarnya tidak sepenuhnya bergantung pada kota besar dan dapat mengubah fungsinya sebagai daerah penyangga di Kabupaten Mamuju Tengah. Analisis yang digunakan adalah Analisis Keterkaitan Hubungan Fungsional dan Analisis Skala Likert dengan variabel yang diteliti meliputi kebijakan pemerintah, potensi wilayah, dan industri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pemerintah, sumber daya alam, sosial ekonomi, dan industri secara umum melihat nilai peluangnya berada pada angka 84 %  secara keseluruhan sangat mendukung untuk dikembangkan menjadi kawasan industri. Konsep yang ditawarkan adalah konsep Ecology Industrial Parks (EIP) adalah  sebuah komunitas industri dan bisnis yang terletak dalam satu kawasan yang saling terintegrasi membentuk komunitas

Prevalence, Reasons, and Perceived Effects of Khat Chewing Among Students of a College in Gondar Town, Northwestern Ethiopia: A Cross‑sectional Study

Background: The estimate of the number of people chewing Khat globally ranges from 5 to 10 million people. Its use may result in a variety of effects due to the different compounds in it with effects on the gastro‑intestinal system and nervous system being the principal ones. Aim: To assess the prevalence, factors, and effects of Khat chewing among students of a college in Gondar town, northwestern Ethiopia. Subjects and Methods: An institution‑based cross‑sectional study was conducted from 15th to 20th of April 2009 on a total sample of 424 students who were selected using stratified random sampling technique. Data were collected by three of the principal investigators using a structured pretested data collection instrument and analyzed by Epi Info version 3.5.2. Results: The lifetime and current prevalence of Khat chewing among the respondents were 42% (168/400) and 32.5% (130/400), respectively. Sex (P < 0.01), religion (P < 0.001), and income (P < 0.01) showed statistically significant variation in Khat chewing. The commonest frequency of Khat chewing was once a day 33.1% (43/130) while alcohol (40.8% [53/130]) and cigarette (40.0% [52/130]) were the mostly used substances with Khat. More than half of the chewers (53.85% [70/130]) reported spending 1–4 h for one Khat chewing ceremony. Financially majority of the chewers reported spending up to 10 Ethiopian Birr (ETB) (1.13 United States Dollar) on Khat ( 54.6% [71/130]) and other substances (64.6% [84/130]). Nearly two‑thirds (62.3% [81/130]) of the chewers mentioned seeking concentration during study as their main reason for chewing. Among chewers, 83.1% (108/130) reported they faced problem associated to sleep disturbance, 82.3% (107/130) loss of appetite, and 80.8% (105/130) constipation. Conclusion: The prevalence of Khat chewing was fairly high among the students and the majority among them used other substances together with Khat. Spending of a significant amount of money and facing health problems were reported to be consequences of the habit. The college should take steps to make students aware of the ills of Khat chewing and associated habits.Keywords: College, Effects, Gondar, Khat, Prevalence, Reason

The Meanings of Communal Space Patterns in the Kaluppini Traditional Area, Enrekang Regency, Indonesia

Communal open spaces in the Kaluppini community in Indonesia are called datte-datte. This study aims to reveal the meanings of the communal open space patterns in the Kaluppini customary area in the Kaluppini Village, Enrekang Regency, Indonesia. It uses a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The findings show that in the implementation of the Maccera To Manurung traditional event, the datte-datte consisted of 5 aspects. They are as follows. • The main space of Maccera To Manurung serve as the center of Maccera to Manurung traditional activities with a series of activities such as tudang ada', massumajo, dance pajjaga massisemba, and kumande samaturu. specifically for traditional holders and guests of honor. • Kaju lamba' is a place to carry out traditional rituals marked by giving yellow leaves around the kaju lamba' • The so'diang gandang space which functions as a place to put the drums will then be played in turn by the traditional stakeholders and the community with a certain rhythm. • To Manurung is the symbol space for the descendants. • The mappadendang space is a place to put the mortar and pestle used by the traditional uncles and the community in performing mappadendang attractions as the traditional dance from the Kaluppini community. These meanings of communal space patterns indicate togetherness and holiness

Perkembangan Tata Guna Lahan Ditinjau Dari Historis Kelelawar Sebagai Nilai Simbol di Kecamatan Lalabata

The existence of bats in the urban area of Soppeng Regency not only had a mystery, but also was a unique characteristic in that area. The bats still exist even the city was developed rapidly. This study was aimed to study the effect of bat habitat on land use development and to understand the direction of land use development in maintaing the sustainability of the bat's historical value. Desctiptive analysis and linear regression methods were used in this research. The results showed that the development of the city had linear pattern which follows the direction of the road so that the city was not centralized in Watansoppeng. The linear regression result showed that the population affect the development of land use in the District of Lalabata, Soppeng Regency. The population was more dominant to build outside the city in order to converse the habitat of bats

Extent of dispensing prescription-only medications without a prescription in community drug retail outlets in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a simulated-patient study

Daniel Asfaw Erku,1 Abebe Basazn Mekuria,2 Abdrrahman Shemsu Surur,1 Begashaw Melaku Gebresillassie3 1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, 2Department of Pharmacology, 3Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia Purpose: This study was aimed at assessing the extent of dispensing prescription-only medications without a prescription in community drug retail outlets (CDROs) of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional observational study design was used to sample 31 pharmacies, 25 drug stores, and two rural drug vendors from August 11, 2015, to October 21, 2015, through a simple random sampling method. A simulated-patient method of visit was implemented to collect data. Requests of six tracer prescription-only medicines (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid capsule, amitriptyline, captopril, glibenclamide [also known as glyburide], omeprazole capsule, and sildenafil citrate) and upper respiratory tract infection were selected as the simulated clinical scenario.Results: Amoxicillin–clavulanic acid capsule was dispensed when requested in 87.93% of the dispensaries. All of the CDROs dispensed omeprazole upon request. Sildenafil citrate (Viagra) was in stock in 96.55% of the CDROs, all of which issued the requested number of tablets without asking why or for whom the drug was needed. Amitriptyline, captopril, and glibenclamide (glyburide) were dispensed in 84.48%, 89.65%, and 87.93% of CDROs upon the provision of an empty container. Antibiotics were obtained from 75.86% of CDROs for presentation of upper respiratory tract infection symptoms. Among the dispensed antibiotics, the most common was amoxicillin (93.18%), followed by amoxicillin–clavulanic acid capsule (72.72%), and azithromycin (50%). Only 4.5% of the dispensaries asked about drug allergies, and 15.9% of the CDROs informed the simulated patient about the possible side effects of the drugs.Conclusion: This study revealed a very high rate of dispensing of prescription-only medicines without a prescription. Antimicrobials and drugs for chronic diseases were obtained with ease from almost all of the randomly sampled CDROs. Putting good dispensing practice into effect and adhering to the existing national laws and regulations regarding the same are necessary. It is also necessary to adopt a strong and explicit line of action, especially toward the irrational use of antibiotics. Keywords: community pharmacy, dispensing malpractice, simulated study, Ethiopi

Analisis Ambang Batas Lahan Pemakaman di Kota Makassar

Peningkatan jumlah penduduk Kota Makassar dari tahun 2014-2016 berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan jumlah kematian sehingga kebutuhan lahan untuk pemakaman tiap tahunnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui besar ambang batas lahan pemakaman umum Islam di Kota Makassar dan menyusun arahan perencanaan dalam pengembangan pemenuhan kebutuhan lahan pemakaman ditinjau dari aspek tata ruang. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, proyeksi penduduk dan daya tampung sebagai ambang batas lahan pemakaman. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ambang batas lahan pemakaman umum Islam di Kota Makassar masih mampu menampung jumlah kematian hingga tahun 2023 dengan sistem normal sedangkan untuk sistem tumpuk mampu menampung hingga tahun 2029. Arahan perencanaan dalam pengembangan pemenuhan kebutuhan lahan pemakaman ditinjau dari aspek tata ruang dengan pengoptimalisasian lahan pemakaman, sistem penumpukan makam, hutang lindung sebagai tempat pemakaman umum, pemakaman berdiri, pemindahan makam, pembuangan abu kremasi, pemakaman terpadu dan ideal

Self-reported and actual involvement of community pharmacists in patient counseling: a cross-sectional and simulated patient study in Gondar, Ethiopia

Background: Community pharmacists play a crucial role in reducing medication related health problems and improving the patient’s overall wellbeing. Evidence suggests that community pharmacist led counseling services result in a better clinical and self-reported outcome, including a higher level of satisfaction and quality of life. Objective: This study aims to document self-reported and actual levels of community pharmacists’ involvement in the provision of patient counseling and barriers that limit their involvement in such services. Methods: Simulated patient visits and a cross-sectional survey of community pharmacists were employed in Gondar town, Ethiopia between March 15 and May 15, 2016 to observe actual counseling practices and to assess their reported counseling practices respectively. Four different scenarios were developed for the simulated patient visit. A well designed questionnaire and an assessment form were used for the survey and simulated patient visit. Results: In the cross-sectional survey, 84 pharmacists were approached and 78 agreed to participate (92.8 % response rate). Of the respondents, 96.1% agreed/strongly agreed that patient counseling is important and 69.3% strongly agreed that patient counseling should be a professional duty. The most frequent information provided to patients were dosing schedule of drugs, how to take medication, and drug-food interaction. Majority of community pharmacists either strongly agreed (42.1%) or agreed (51.3%) that patients are comfortable towards their counseling practice. A total of 48 simulated visits were conducted and a medicine was dispensed in all visits. In all four scenarios, dosage schedule (100%), how to take medication (97.6%) and drug-food interaction (69.1%) were the most common type of information provided while what to do when dose is missed (100%), contraindication (95.2%) and the importance of compliance or adherence (92.9%) were the most commonly ignored types of information. Conclusions: The present study emphasizes the existing gap in self-reported and actual counseling practices by community pharmacist in Gondar town, Ethiopia. Hence, the ministry of health, local health policy makers and other stakeholders should collaborate to design interventions to improve community pharmacists’ dispensing and counseling practice

Clients’ expectations from and satisfaction with medicine retail outlets in Gondar town, northwestern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Mulualem Workye,1 Sewunet Admasu,2 Tamrat Abura,1 Yared Belete,1 Yonas Getaye,2 Fitsum Sebsibe Teni,1 Abdrrahman Shemsu Surur31Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy Unit, 2Clinical Pharmacy Unit, 3Pharmaceutical Chemistry Unit, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Amhara Regional State, EthiopiaPurpose: The aim of this study was to assess clients' level of expectation from and satisfaction with medicine retail outlets (MROs) in Gondar town, northwestern Ethiopia.Patients and methods: An institutions-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 20 to May 5, 2014, by sampling five pharmacies and eight drug stores through simple random sampling. Clients, 424, who came to the MROs during the study period were included in the study. Data were collected using structured questionnaires measuring expectations and satisfaction of clients using a Likert scale of 1–5 through face-to-face interviews.Results: Out of the total 424 interview encounters, 422 (99.5% response rate) questionnaires were included in the analysis, of which 61.1% were of males. The overall mean expectation of respondents toward MRO setting and services was 3.82 and that of satisfaction of the respondents was 3.02. More than three-quarters (76.8%) of the respondents expected medicines in affordable prices from MROs, but nearly half (44.8%) were not satisfied with it. Much more than half (58.5%) of the respondents were dissatisfied with the comfort and convenience of private counseling area. Also, nearly half (47.6%) of the respondents claimed that pharmacy professionals did not provide information regarding the storage condition of medications. There was statistically significant difference in overall expectation (t=2.707, P=0.007) and satisfaction (t=2.260, P=0.024) with the setting and services of MROs between respondents who claimed to know the difference between a pharmacy and a drug store and those who claimed they did not.Conclusion: Clients’ expectation from MRO services was high, with average satisfaction. The overall expectation and satisfaction of the respondents toward MROs were lower in those who reported they did not know the difference between a pharmacy and a drug store than in those who claimed to know the difference. Supportive supervision by the town’s health bureau on the MROs is recommended to help improve clients' satisfaction.Keywords: community, drug store, pharmacy, pharmacy professional, service