KLASIFIKASI PENULIS TWEET BERDASARKAN CIRI STYLOMETRIC MENGGUNAKAN METODE SUPPORT VECTOR MACHINE (SVM)

Perkembangan media sosial di Indonesia menarik pengguna untuk semakin aktif bertukar pesan lewat media sosial. Twitter sampai saat ini telah memiliki lebih dari 200 juta pengguna dan setiap harinya Twitter menghasilkan 110 juta tweet. Banyaknnya pengguna Twitter juga mendorong terciptanya berbagai macam ciri linguistik seseorang. Tanpa disadari pada saat menuliskan sebuah tweet seorang pengguna telah menciptakan ciri linguistiknya pada saat menuliskan tweet di Twitter. Authorship Attribution merupakan solusi permasalahan untuk mengklasifikasi penulis tweet. Authorship Attribution memiliki Stylometric features untuk mengenali karakter penulis dari tulisannya. Pembobotan dilakukan dengan hitungan statistik melalui formula yang ada disetiap fitur yang ada dalam Stylometric Features. Dalam Stylometric Features sub fitur yang diambil adalah lexical feature : character based, lexical feature : word based, dan Syntactic Feature. Data yang digunakan berjumlah 8000 data yang terdiri dari 4 kelas dari 4 akun Twitter yang diambil masing-masing 2000 tweet per akun. Menggunakan metode Support Vector Machine sebagai metode klasifikasi dengan kernal RBF sistem berhasil melakukan klasifikasi setiap kelas dengan akurasi 71,875% dengan nilai parameter (C=64 dan γ=0.25)

IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DALAM UPAYA MENURUNKAN ANGKA KEMATIAN IBU DAN BAYI (STUDI KASUS DI KABUPATEN BULUKUMBA DAN TAKALAR)

Kebijakan kesehatan masyarakat dalam menekan angka kematian ibu dan bayi di Kabupaten Bulukumba dan Kabupaten Takalar telah dilaksanakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa pengoorganisasian, interpretasi, dan penerapan kebijakan tersebut. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan tipe studi kasus, dibantu instrumen observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisa data melalui reduksi danpenyajian data serta penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pemerintah Kabupaten Takalar melibatkan unsur dukun beranak dalam proses penanganan ibu melahirkan dengan memberikan batasan wewenang sesuai aturan, sedangkan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bulukumba melibatkan SKPD terkait yang mengkoordinir kepala desa atau lurah bersama bidan dalam penanganan ibu melahirkan di fasilitas kesehatan dan membatasi kewenangan dukun beranak melalui larangan berupa sanksi. Pemerintah Kabupaten Takalar juga memberikan pembinaan bagi para dukun beranak berupa pelatihan tentang kesehatan ibu dan bayi serta membuat nota kesepakatan bersama, sedangkan Pemerintah Kabupaten Bulukumba tidak melakukan hal serupa itu, sehingga masih banyak masyarakat di Kabupaten Bulukumba yang mempercayakan proses melahirkan pada dukun beranak yang didasari aspek pemahaman budaya lokal yang sulit ditinggalkan.

Epithelial dynamics shed light on mechanisms underlying ear canal defects

Defects in ear canal development can cause severe hearing loss as sound waves fail to reach the middle ear. Here we reveal new mechanisms that control human canal development and highlight for the first time the complex system of canal closure and reopening. These processes can be perturbed in mutant mice and in explant culture, mimicking the defects associated with canal aplasia. The more superficial part of the canal forms from an open primary canal that closes and then reopens. In contrast, the deeper part of the canal forms from an extending solid meatal plate that opens later. Closure and fusion of the primary canal was linked to loss of periderm, with failure in periderm formation in Grhl3 mutant mice associated with premature closure of the canal. Conversely, inhibition of cell death in the periderm resulted in an arrest of closure. Once closed, re-opening of the canal occurred in a wave, triggered by terminal differentiation of the epithelium. Understanding these complex processes involved in canal development sheds light on the underlying causes of canal aplasia

Optically trapped bacteria pairs reveal discrete motile response to control aggregation upon cell–cell approach

Aggregation of bacteria plays a key role in the formation of many biofilms. The critical first step is cell–cell approach, and yet the ability of bacteria to control the likelihood of aggregation during this primary phase is unknown. Here, we use optical tweezers to measure the force between isolated Bacillus subtilis cells during approach. As we move the bacteria towards each other, cell motility (bacterial swimming) initiates the generation of repulsive forces at bacterial separations of ~3 μm. Moreover, the motile response displays spatial sensitivity with greater cell–cell repulsion evident as inter-bacterial distances decrease. To examine the environmental influence on the inter-bacterial forces, we perform the experiment with bacteria suspended in Tryptic Soy Broth, NaCl solution and deionised water. Our experiments demonstrate that repulsive forces are strongest in systems that inhibit biofilm formation (Tryptic Soy Broth), while attractive forces are weak and rare, even in systems where biofilms develop (NaCl solution). These results reveal that bacteria are able to control the likelihood of aggregation during the approach phase through a discretely modulated motile response. Clearly, the force-generating motility we observe during approach promotes biofilm prevention, rather than biofilm formation

Climate Dynamics: A Network-Based Approach for the Analysis of Global Precipitation

Precipitation is one of the most important meteorological variables for defining the climate dynamics, but the spatial patterns of precipitation have not been fully investigated yet. The complex network theory, which provides a robust tool to investigate the statistical interdependence of many interacting elements, is used here to analyze the spatial dynamics of annual precipitation over seventy years (1941-2010). The precipitation network is built associating a node to a geographical region, which has a temporal distribution of precipitation, and identifying possible links among nodes through the correlation function. The precipitation network reveals significant spatial variability with barely connected regions, as Eastern China and Japan, and highly connected regions, such as the African Sahel, Eastern Australia and, to a lesser extent, Northern Europe. Sahel and Eastern Australia are remarkably dry regions, where low amounts of rainfall are uniformly distributed on continental scales and small-scale extreme events are rare. As a consequence, the precipitation gradient is low, making these regions well connected on a large spatial scale. On the contrary, the Asiatic South-East is often reached by extreme events such as monsoons, tropical cyclones and heat waves, which can all contribute to reduce the correlation to the short-range scale only. Some patterns emerging between mid-latitude and tropical regions suggest a possible impact of the propagation of planetary waves on precipitation at a global scale. Other links can be qualitatively associated to the atmospheric and oceanic circulation. To analyze the sensitivity of the network to the physical closeness of the nodes, short-term connections are broken. The African Sahel, Eastern Australia and Northern Europe regions again appear as the supernodes of the network, confirming furthermore their long-range connection structure. Almost all North-American and Asian nodes vanish, revealing that extreme events can enhance high precipitation gradients, leading to a systematic absence of long-range patterns

Heart rate variability and target organ damage in hypertensive patients

Background: We evaluated the association between linear standard Heart Rate Variability (HRV) measures and vascular, renal and cardiac target organ damage (TOD). Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed including 200 patients registered in the Regione Campania network (aged 62.4 ± 12, male 64%). HRV analysis was performed by 24-h holter ECG. Renal damage was assessed by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), vascular damage by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), and cardiac damage by left ventricular mass index. Results: Significantly lower values of the ratio of low to high frequency power (LF/HF) were found in the patients with moderate or severe eGFR (p-value < 0.001). Similarly, depressed values of indexes of the overall autonomic modulation on heart were found in patients with plaque compared to those with a normal IMT (p-value <0.05). These associations remained significant after adjustment for other factors known to contribute to the development of target organ damage, such as age. Moreover, depressed LF/HF was found also in patients with left ventricular hypertrophy but this association was not significant after adjustment for other factors. Conclusions: Depressed HRV appeared to be associated with vascular and renal TOD, suggesting the involvement of autonomic imbalance in the TOD. However, as the mechanisms by which abnormal autonomic balance may lead to TOD, and, particularly, to renal organ damage are not clearly known, further prospective studies with longitudinal design are needed to determine the association between HRV and the development of TOD

Variation in cytokine genes can contribute to severity of acetabular osteolysis and risk for revision in patients with ABG 1 total hip arthroplasty: a genetic association study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The differences in total hip arthroplasty (THA) survivorship may be influenced by individual susceptibility to periprosthetic osteolysis. This may be driven by functional polymorphisms in the genes for cytokines and cytokine receptors involved in the development of osteolysis in THA, thereby having an effect on the individual's phenotype.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We performed a study on 22 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for 11 cytokines and two cytokine receptor candidate genes for association with severity of acetabular osteolysis and risk to failure in THA. Samples from 205 unrelated Caucasian patients with cementless type THA (ABG 1) were investigated. Distribution of investigated SNP variants between the groups of mild and severe acetabular osteolysis was determined by univariate and multivariate analysis. Time-dependent output variables were analyzed by the Cox hazards model.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Univariate analysis showed: 1) <it>TNF</it>-238*A allele was associated with severe osteolysis (odds ratio, OR = 6.59, <it>p </it>= 0.005, population attributable risk, PAR 5.2%); 2) carriers of the <it>IL6</it>-174*G allele were 2.5 times more prone to develop severe osteolysis than non-carriers (OR = 2.51, <it>p </it>= 0.007, PAR = 31.5%); 3) the carriage of <it>IL2</it>-330*G allele was associated with protection from severe osteolysis (OR = 0.55, <it>p </it>= 0.043). Based on logistic regression, the alleles <it>TNF</it>-238*A and <it>IL6</it>-174*G were independent predictors for the development of severe acetabular osteolysis. Carriers of <it>TNF</it>-238*A had increased cumulative hazard of THA failure according to Cox model (<it>p </it>= 0.024). In contrast, <it>IL2</it>-330*G allele predicted lower cumulative hazard of THA failure (<it>p </it>= 0.019).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Genetic variants of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 confer susceptibility to severe OL. In this way, presence of the minor <it>TNF </it>allele could increase the cumulative risk of THA failure. Conversely, SNP in the <it>IL2 </it>gene may protect carriers from the above THA complications.</p