Steel scrap added roller compacted concrete

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the benefits of using steel slag as an additive in Roller Compacted Concrete (RCC) which is a promising material can be used in streets, local roads, residential streets, high-volume roads, industrial access roads, airports...etc. The mechanical performances of steel scrap added reinforced cementitious composites produced with an industrial punch scrap. In specimen mixtures two types of scraps with diameters of 5 mm and 7 mm were used. The additive was mixed with 1%, 1.5% and 2% ratios by weight. Due to the results of the study, it was obtained that flexural strength properties of the specimens have increased up to 11%. In addition, freeze thaw effect of the specimens was investigated and found that 2% percent of scrap usage was given the best results

Doğu Akdeniz Bölgesi’nde Organik Turunçgil Üretiminde Hastalık, Zararlı ve Yabancı Otların Mücadelesinin Yönetimi

Bu çalışma, 2003-2006 yılları arasında Hatay (Dörtyol) ve Mersin (Erdemli) illerinde yürütülmüş olup, çalışmada Mars Seedless Altıntop ve Valensiya Portakal çeşidinde zararlı, hastalık ve yabancı otlara karşı organik tarıma uygun mücadele yöntemlerinin uygulanabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada her iki turunçgil çeşidinin bulunduğu alanlarda Organik Tarım ve Entegre Mücadele uygulamaları birlikte yürütülmüştür. Organik tarım yapılan bahçelerde organik ürün sertifikası alımına yönelik gerekli denetlemeler yaptırılarak ürün sertifikalandırılmıştır. Tüm bahçelerde bulunan zararlı ve doğal düşmanlar gözle inceleme ve darbe yöntemi ile saptanmıştır. Organik tarım bahçelerinde, ekonomik zarar eşiğini aşan zararlılara (Turunçgil Unlubiti, Turunçgil Kırmızı Örümceği, Yıldız Koşnili) karşı doğal düşman salımı, kükürt ve yazlık beyaz yağ uygulaması yapılarak mücadele edilmiştir. Hastalık etmenleri makroskopik ve mikroskobik incelemelerle belirlenmiştir. Denemenin yürütüldüğü Mars Seedless Altıntop bahçesinde Gövde Zamklanma Hastalığı [Phytopthora citropthora (Sm. et Sm) Leonian] tespit edilmiştir. Bu hastalıkla mücadele için enfekteli ağaçların gövdesinde kabuk temizliği yapılmış temizlenen yara yerlerine %2 oranında Bordo Bulamacı uygulanmıştır. Yabancı otlarla organik yetiştiricilikte mücadele amacıyla örtücü bitki uygulaması yapılmıştır. Dört örtücü bitki türü; arpa, İngiliz Çimi, Adi Fiğ, Acem Üçgülü denemeye alınmıştır. Toprağı kaplama alanı yönünden en yüksek değerler, ile yabancı ot kaplama alanı ve birim alandaki yabancı ot tür ve sayısı yönünden en düşük değerler arpa ve fiğden alınırken, yaş ve kuru ağırlık yönünden en yüksek değer yine fiğ parselinden elde edilmiştir. Bahçelerde Turunçgil Nematodu (Tylenchulus semipenetrans Cobb.) da belirlenmiş ancak populasyonları zarar eşiğinin altında bulunmuştur. Parsellerde kullanılan çiftlik gübresi ve yeşil gübre toprak ve yaprak analizleri sonuçlarına göre uygulanmıştır. Kullanılan her türlü girdiler ve yapılan işlemler Tarım Bakanlığınca yayımlanan yönetmeliğe uygun olarak kontrol ve sertifikasyon kuruluşunun da onayı ile seçilmiştir. Her yıl meyve hasat döneminde kalıntı analizleri ve pomolojik analizler yaptırılmış, bir üretim periyodu sonunda ağaç başına ortalama verim belirlenmiştir. Proje çalışmaları, ürüne “organik ürün” sertifikası veren danışman firma tarafından kontrol edilmiş ve çalışmada organik meyve elde edilmiştir

The effect of different cooking techniques on some sensory properties of pheasant meats

Aim: The aim of the study was to eliminate the concerns that preference of pheasant meat on dinning tables and determine the effect of scalding, baking and frying techniques on the some sensory properties of pheasant meats. Materials and Methods: 9 female, 9 male pheasants fed for 18 weeks were used as research material. Each cooking technique applied to 3 male and 3 female pheasants. Six people were used as panelists. In sensory analysis, general appearance, smell, flavor, texture and general taste criteria were used. Results: In sensory analysis, the most favored cooking techniques was frying, baking and scalding, respectively. The effect of cooking techniques on the texture was found to be insignificant while the effect on overall appearance, smell and overall taste of meat was found to be significant (p<0.01). In terms of flavor, only the difference between scalding and frying was found to be significant (p<0.01). As a result, it was determined that all the techniques of frying, scalding and baking to pheasant meat could be applied and positive results would be obtained. Conclusion: With different cooking techniques, it is concluded that pheasant meat will be appreciated by consumers and this appreciation will contribute to the increase of cooking research in pheasant meats, the presentation of products in different ways and the revitalization of gastronomic tourism. It can be said that the increase of these studies will also contribute to the reintroduction of pheasant dishes into the Turkish culinary literature and may contribute to the spread of pheasant farming

Evaluation of patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease: Preliminary results from the Turk-UIP study

OBJECTIVE: Differential diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is important among fibrotic interstitial lung diseases (ILD). This study aimed to evaluate the rate of IPF in patients with fibrotic ILD and to determine the clinical-laboratory features of patients with and without IPF that would provide the differential diagnosis of IPF. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included the patients with the usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) pattern or possible UIP pattern on thorax high-resolution computed tomography, and/or UIP pattern, probable UIP or possible UIP pattern at lung biopsy according to the 2011 ATS/ERSARS/ALAT guidelines. Demographics and clinical and radiological data of the patients were recorded. All data recorded by researchers was evaluated by radiology and the clinical decision board. RESULTS: A total of 336 patients (253 men, 83 women, age 65.8 +/- 9.0 years) were evaluated. Of the patients with sufficient data for diag-nosis (n=300), the diagnosis was IPF in 121 (40.3%), unclassified idiopathic interstitial pneumonia in 50 (16.7%), combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) in 40 (13.3%), and lung involvement of connective tissue disease (CTD) in 16 (5.3%). When 29 patients with definite IPF features were added to the patients with CPFE, the total number of IPF patients reached 150 (50%). Rate of male sex (p<0.001), smoking history (p<0.001), and the presence of clubbing (p=0.001) were significantly high in patients with IPE None of the women <50 years and none of the men <50 years of age without a smoking history were diagnosed with IPE Presence of at least 1 of the symptoms suggestive of CTD, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and antinuclear antibody (FANA) positivity rates were significantly higher in the non-IPF group (p<0.001, p=0.029, p=0.009, respectively). CONCLUSION: The rate of IPF among patients with fibrotic ILD was 50%. In the differential diagnosis of IPF, sex, smoking habits, and the presence of clubbing are important. The presence of symptoms related to CTD, ESR elevation, and EANA positivity reduce the likelihood of IPF

Evaluation of diagnostic tests when there is/is not gold standard: contribution of Bayesian approach.

TEZ12152Tez (Yüksek Lisans) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2016.Kaynakça (s. 65-69) var.XI, 77 s. :_res. (bzs. rnk.), tablo ;_29 cm.Tanı testleri, hasta ve sağlıklı bireylerin oluşturduğu heterojen bir kitlede bireyin gerçek durumunu ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla kullanılır. Doğruluğu kesin olarak kanıtlanmış altın standart testler ile bireylere "hasta" ya da "sağlıklı" tanısı konulmaktadır. Bazı altın standart testlerdeki uygulama zorlukları, test maliyetlerinin yüksek olması ve çeşitli hastalıklarda testin girişimsel olması nedeniyle her şüpheli durumda kullanımı mümkün olmayabilmektedir. Bu nedenle sağlık alanında altın standart testlere alternatif olabilecek tanı testleri geliştirilmeye çalışılır. Altın standart test ile gerçek durumu belirlenen bireylere alternatif yeni test uygulanarak, bu yeni tanı testinin sınıflama gücünü gösteren doğruluk ölçütleri elde edilir. Altın standart varlığında ve yokluğunda bu doğruluk ölçütleri farklı yaklaşımlar kullanılarak elde edilmektedir. Bu yaklaşımlardan birisi de araştırmacılar tarafından değişik alanlarda yaygın olarak uygulanmaya başlanan Bayesci yaklaşımdır. Bayesci yaklaşım araştırmacıya ilgilendiği parametre tahminlerinin elde edilmesinde önsel bilgiyi (prior) kullanma olanağı sağlamaktadır. Son günlerde klinikteki yararı yadsınamayacak olasılık hesabı nomogram ve benzeri araçlarda kullanılmaktadır. Bu tezde, Bayesci yaklaşım ile tanı testlerine ait duyarlılık ve seçicilik gibi doğruluk ölçütleri elde edilmiş ve yaklaşımın katkısı araştırılmıştır. Doğruluk ölçütlerinin elde edilmesi aşamasında; Bayesci çıkarsama, Gibbs örneklemesi, Markov Zinciri Monte Carlo (MCMC) yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Bu amaçla üniversitemizde yapılan Helicobacter Pylori ile ilgili çalışmadan elde edilen veriler WinBUGS ve/veya R paket programı yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Bayesci çıkarsama yapıldığında hastalık (veya durum) ile ilgili prevalans bilgisi dikkate alındığından tanı testleri daha güvenilir sonuçlar verebilmektedir.Diagnostic tests are used for defining the disease status of person in a heterogeneous population which consists of healthy and diseased people. With the help of the gold standard tests one can be diagnosed as “diseased” or “healthy”, however these tests may not be used in each uncertain situation due to the difficulty on practice, high costs and being interventional in some diseases. For this reason in many fields of medicine, diagnostic tests are developed to be used in place of gold standard tests. Measures of accuracy that show the power of classification of the newly developed alternative tests are obtained by using information provided by the gold standard test. In the absence/presence of a gold standard test these measures of accuracy can be determined using different approaches, one of which is Bayesian approach commonly used by the researchers in many different fields. The Bayesian approach also provides a way to include expert prior knowledge concerning parameters of interest. Nowadays the calculation of probability on clinical science is using on nomograms etc. and the contribution is undeniable. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate diagnostic tests by using Bayesian approach whether or not there is a gold standard, to assess the contribution of Bayesian approach, to analyze the datasets for practical application with WinBUGS and/or R package programme. Datasets will be analyzed with WinBUGS package programme. As statistical methods, Bayesian inference, Gibbs sampling and Markov Chain Monte Carlo will be employed. Diagnostic test for a disease give more reliable results when there is a Bayesian inference that including prevalence information.Bu çalışma Ç.Ü. Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi tarafından desteklenmiştir. Proje No: TYL-2014-2716

Evaluation of Visceral Adiposity Indexes Associated with Atherogenic Plasma Index in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes

Aim: This study was aimed to investigate visceral adiposity indicators and the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.Material and Methods: A total of 353 adults aged between 18 and 74 years were included in this study. Bodyweight, height, waist, and hip circumference were measured; fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) values were analyzed. Visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), body adiposity index (BAI), body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), conicity index (CI), and AIP levels were calculated.Results: The study included 116 (32.9%) males and 237 (67.1%) females, with a mean age of 57.8±11.5 years. AIP z-scores were found to be directly related to T2DM (OR, 5.03; 95% CI: 1.95-13.01), while VAI z-scores were less associated with T2DM (OR, 1.10; 95% CI: 1.03-1.18). According to the ROC curve analysis, although the area under the curve (AUC) is weak to distinguish diabetic patients with VAI, LAP, and AIP, it is statistically significant (p&lt;0.001, AUC: 0.619, cut-off= 5.1, 95% CI: 0.561-0.677; p=0.007, AUC: 0.583, cut-off= 63.2, 95% CI: 0.523-0.642; and p=0.001, AUC: 0.606, cut-off= 0.4, 95% CI: 0.547-0.665, respectively).Conclusion: VAI, LAP, and AIP are strong predictors of diabetes, AIP is a better predictor of predicting diabetes than VAI and LAP

Relationship between Serum Vitamin D levels and health-related quality of life in maintenance hemodialysis patients

Objectives: Aim of the study was investigating the effect of serum vitamin D levels on health-related quality of life in hemodialysis patients. Method: One-hundred and twenty-three maintenance hemodialysis patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Patients divided into 2 groups according to serum vitamin D levels. A serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH] D) level of < 20 ng/mL was identified as vitamin D deficiency (n = 78), and a serum level of ≥20 ng/mL was identified as normal (n = 45). Kidney Disease Quality of Life 36 (KDQOL-36) survey was used for quality of life measurement. Scores of the all of 5 subscales of KDQOL-36 were calculated. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to define independent risk factors affecting the survey. Results: Mean age of patients was 62 and 56% of patients were male. Mean 25(OH) D levels were 11.86 and 29.57 ng/mL, respectively, in 2 groups. There was statistically significant difference between age and Kt/V levels between 2 groups (p = 0.008 and p = 0.041). Age and gender were found as significant predictors of vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.026 and p = 0.021). In symptom and problem list subscale, gender and comorbidity were detected as independent risk factors (p = 0.050 and p = 0.032). Comorbidity was the only independent risk factor for effect of kidney disease subscale (p < 0.001). Independent risk factors associated with burden of kidney disease subscale were comorbidity and serum 25 (OH) D levels (p = 0.003 and p = 0.023). Serum 25(OH) D, gender, and comorbidity were independently associated with physical component summary (PCS) subscale (p < 0.001, p = 0.008, and p = 0.011). The only independently associated factor with mental component summary (MCS) was serum 25(OH) D (p < 0.001). Conclusion: We first showed the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and KDQOL-36 in hemodialysis patients. Lower serum vitamin D levels were negatively associated with burden of kidney disease, PCS, and MCS subscales

Unexpectedly high mutation rate of cyp11b1 compared to cyp21a2 in randomly-selected turkish women: a large screening study

Purpose: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a group of autosomal recessive disorders resulting from enzyme deficiencies associated with steroidogenesis. The clinical presentation of non-classic CAH (NCAH) in females is often indistinguishable from other hyperandrogenic disorders like polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The data on the prevalence of NCAH in unselected women in the literature is scanty. The research aimed to evaluate the prevalence of NCAH, carrier frequencies, and the correlation between clinical symptoms and genotype in Turkish women. Methods: The study group comprised two hundred and seventy randomly-selected unrelated asymptomatic women of reproductive age (18–45). Subjects were recruited from female blood donors. All volunteers underwent clinical examination and hormone measurements. The protein-encoding exons and exon–intron boundaries of the CYP21A2, CYP11B1, HSD3β2 and CYP21A2 promoter were sequenced by direct DNA sequencing. Results: After genotyping, seven (2.2%) individuals were diagnosed with NCAH. The heterozygous carrier frequencies of CYP21A2, CYP21A2 promoter, CYP11B1, and HSD3β2 genes with 34, 34, 41, and 1 pathologic mutation were determined at 12.6%, 12.6%, 15.2%, and 0.37% of volunteers, respectively. Gene-conversion (GC) frequencies between CYP21A2/CYP21A1P and CYP11B1/CYP11B2 were determined as 10.4% and 14.8%, respectively. Conclusion: Despite GC-derived higher mutation frequency determined in the CYP11B1 gene, the reason for the low frequency of NCAH due to 11OHD compared to 21OHD might be that gene-conversion arises with active CYP11B2 rather than an inactive pseudogene. HSD3β1 exhibits high homology with HSD3β2 located on the same chromosome; remarkably, it demonstrates low heterozygosity and no GC, most probably the outcome of a tissue-specific expression pattern

The role of androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism in androgen excess disorder and idiopathic hirsutism

Purpose The study aimed to investigate whether repeat number in the androgen receptor (AR) gene has any contribution to phenotypes of the disease of androgen excess (polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), idiopathic hyperandrogenemia (IHA) and idiopathic hirsutism (IH) in a cohort of Turkish women. Methods Three hundred and fifty-four voluntary premenopausal women (172 healthy controls and 182 patients with androgen excess disorders and idiopathic hirsutism) 18-45 years of age seen at an outpatient endocrine clinic at Erciyes University Hospital between January 2013 and December 2014 were included. All volunteers have undergone physical examination and biochemical evaluation. The polymorphic (CAG)n repeat of the human AR was determined by fragment analyses. Results Detailed clinical analyses of the patients ended up with 137 PCOS, 24 IHA, and 21 IH. Pairwise comparisons revealed the CAG repeat number differences between the PCOS and controls (p = 0.005) and IH and controls (p = 0.020). Women with CAG repeat length 17 CAG repeats OR: 2.0 (95% CI 1.2-3.3,p = 0.005). Women with CAG repeat length 17 CAG repeats OR: 2.9 (95% CI 1.2-7.3,p = 0.020). When correlation analysis was performed, a weak negative correlation was detected between the short allele and FGS score (r = - 0.131,p = 0.013) and a positive relationship between total testosterone and longer allele in the IHA group (r = 0.425,p = 0.039). Median repeat length of the shorter allele between oligomenorrhea and woman with normal menstrual cycle was found to be statistically significant (p = 0.017). Conclusion This study indicated that the risk of PCOS and IH is associated with the inheritance of ARs with shorter CAG repeats