Understanding of Modern Movement in Kayseri By Using Oral History Methods: A Case on Akdamar Apartment, 1960’s

In the recent history of the modernization of dwelling and housing culture, much attention has been given to oral history methodology. However, less research has been done on 1960’s houses and very little on actual homeowners’ firsthand experiences in their homes in Kayseri, Turkey. For this reason, this study attempts to use oral history as a way to critically understand how the modern home was built and how residents lived in the space in the 1960’s. In this context, the Akdamar Family Apartment is assumed to provide a large corpus of data, documenting the living, subjective, social, cultural, and dialectical experiences of a modern home during the 1960’s by utilizing oral history methods. To verify this hypothesis, interviews with Akdamar Family members have been utilized, and the physical space of the Akdamar house has been reconstructed and analyzed. In addition to this reconstruction, a floorplan and various photographs are used to demonstrate the actual family life lived within that space in those years. By using the data gathered from oral history methodology performed with the Akdamar Family, it is possible to examine how the family as individuals used their home during this period as well as the relationship between the space they inhabited and their domestic needs in order to understand the 1960’s modern house movement. This case study has also recorded stories about various aspects of historic neighborhoods, including architectural features and the alteration of Republic-era houses in Kayseri. As a result, this paper attempts to demonstrate that the way in which oral history stories are constructed tends to destabilize the notion of 1960’s architectural intention

Investigation of spectroelectrochemical and electrocatalytic behavior of a new water soluble cobalt(II)phthalocyanine

Yeni, suda çözünen 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)-tetrakis [4-(1-naftoksi-4-sulfonik asit sodyum)] kobalt(II)ftalosiyanin, NhtCoPc (Nht burada 1-naftoksi-4-sulfonik asit sodyum tuzu), sentezlendi, elementel analiz yöntemi, spektroskopik yöntemlerle (IR ve UV–vis) karakterize edilerek ve elektro-kimyasal, spektroelektrokimyasal ve moleküler oksijenin indirgenmesine yönelik elektro-katalitik davranışları detaylı bir şekilde incelendi. Kompleksleşme reaksiyonu metanol ortamında 2(3),9(10),16(17),23(24)- tetrakis [4-(1-naftoksi-4-sulfonik asit sodyum)] ftalosiyanin, NhtH2Pc’nin UV-vis spektrum değişikliklerine göre takip edildi. Q bandının maksimum şiddette olduğu anda reaksiyon tamamlandı. Elektrokimyasal çalışmalardan şu sonuçlar çıkarılmıştır: DMSO çözeltisinde kobalt(II) kompleksi anodik dalgaya karşılık gelen bir elektronlu iki tersinir indirgenme reaksiyonu ve bir tersinir olmayan yükseltgenme reaksiyonu sergilemiştir. Gerçekleşen indirgenme reaksiyonları ve yükseltgenme reaksiyonu, Co(1+)Pc(2-)/Co(+2)Pc(2-), Co(+)Pc(3-)/Co(+)Pc(2-),ve Co(3+)Pc(2-) /Co(+2)Pc(2-) çiftlerine sırası ile karşılık gelir. İnce-tabaka hücrede sırası ile E appl = -0.60 V, E appl = -1.40 V ve E appl = 0.70 V potansiyelleri uygulanarak tek-anyonik [NhtCo(+)Pc(2-)]-, çift-anyonik [NhtCo(+)Pc(3-)]2- ve tek-katyonik türlerin [NhtCo(3+)Pc(2-)]+ iyi tanımlanmış UV-vis spektrumları elde edildi. NhtCoPc asidik ortamda elektropolimerizasyon sırasında dopant(eklenen) anyon olarak iletken polianilin ağ içine dahil edildi. Böylelikle modifiye Pt/PAni-NhtCoPc elektrot hazırlandı. Modifiye edilmiş elektrot SEM (elektron mikroskopu ile) karakterize edildi. NhtCoPc’nin polimerizasyon ortamına ilavesi ile elde edilen filmin morfolojisi önemli ölçüde değiştiği ve oluşan PAni-NhtCoPc filmin oksijen indirgenmesine yönelik redoks aktivitesinin yalnız platin ya da Pt/PAni elektrodlara kıyasla aynı deney koşullarında arttığı görüldü. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ftalosiyaninler, elektrokimya, elektropolimerizasyon, oksijen indirgenmesi.A New, water-soluble cobalt phthalocyanine, NhtCoPc, where Nht indicates 1-naphthoxy-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt, was synthesized and its electro-spectroelectrochemical and electrocatalytic behavior towards oxygen reduction reaction were investigated in details. NhtCoPc was prepared by a reaction of NhtH2Pc and anhydrous cobalt acetate in 25 ml of methanol for 48 h under nitrogen atmosphere at refluxed tempreature. The crude product was purified by column chromatography (silica gel, MeOH-CH2Cl2, 10:1). The complexation reaction was monitored with the UV-vis spectral changes of NhtH2Pc in methanol solution. The reaction was completed when the main Q-band was observed in maximum intensity. The green color of solution was changed into blue color during complexation reaction. The column chrom- atography with methanol/dichloromethane (10:1) of eluent on silica gel was employed to obtain pure product. The blue product was soluble in water, methanol, and DMSO due to the introduction of the naphthoxy-sulfonic acid sodium salt having hydro- philic character on the peripheral position of phthalocyanine ring. The desired compound, which is substituted by four naphthoxysulfonic acid sodium salt groups on the periphery of each phthalocyanine is isolated as a mixture of isomers, all of which appear to have the same electrochemical properties. Elemental analysis and spectroscopic data (IR and UV-vis) confirmed the assigned structure for NhtCoPc. The formation of the NhtCoPc was confirmed by the disappearance of the characteristic NH stretching absorption of the inner core of the metal-free phthalocyanine. The complex also exhibited the characteristic absorption bands at 1275 (Ar-O-Ar), and 1183 cm-1 (O-S-O) as expected. 1H NMR spectrum of NhtCoPc could not be taken due to paramagnetic nature of the complex. The electrochemical studies showed that the cobalt complex exhibited two reversible one-electron reductions with the corresponding anodic wave and an irreversible oxidation reaction in DMSO solution. These two reduction and one oxidation processes were assigned to Co(1+)Pc(2-)/Co(2+)Pc(2-), Co(+)Pc(3-)/Co(+)Pc(2-), and Co(3+)Pc(2-)/Co(2+)Pc(2-) couples, respectively. The electrode processes were found to be diffusion controlled as demonstrated by the linearity of a plot of peak current versus square root of scan rate for scan rate ranging from 0.010 to 0.50 V.s-1. The controlled potential coulometric (CPC) study indi- cated that the number of electrons transferred for electrochemical reactions of the complex was one for each oxidation and reduction processes. The spectroelectrochemical behavior of NhtCoPc was investigated using an in situ spectroelectrochemical technique including chronoamperometry and UV-vis spectroscopy in DMSO solution containing 0.2M TBAP. The UV-vis spectral changes for the reduced and oxidized species of NhtCoPc were obtained in a thin-layer cell during applied potentials. The well-defined UV-vis spectra of the monanionic species [NhtCo(+)Pc(2-)]-, the di-anionic species [NhtCo(+)Pc(3-)]2-, and the mono-cationic species [NhtCo(3+)Pc(2-)]+, were obtained by the applied potentials (Eapp = -0.60 V, Eapp = -1.40 V, and Eapp = 0.70 V respectively) in a thin-layer cell. NhtCoPc was incorporated into the conductive polyaniline, PAni films as a dopant-anion during elektro- polymerization in acidic medium, and thus the Pt/PAni-NhtCoPc modified electrode. formed. This modified electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, SEM, as well. Addition of NhtCoPc to the polymerization solution, caused great change on the morphology of the obtained modified film and increased the redox-activity of the modified PAni-NhtCoPc film compared to those of Pt/PAni and bare platinum electrodes towards oxygen reduction in the same experimental conditions. The enhancement in the activity for oxygen reduction reaction was attributed to the different theories: (i) the catalytic activity was probably depend on the amount of macro-cyclic catalyst, (ii) the functionalization of the macrocyle ring of phthalocyanine, (iii) the PAni-CoPc structure favoring the formation of dimmers and (iv) the good molecular dispersion of NhtCoPc in polyaniline. In our system, the PAni film modified by cobalt phthalocyanine having naphthoxy-sulfonated groups on the macrocycle core of phthalocyanine favoring the formation of dimers which improve the disordered growth of aggregates leads to a rougher electrode surface as seen from the SEM image of the PAni-CoPc film. This structure results in to enhance the activity for oxygen reduction reaction. Stability of modified electrodes was proved after five cycles. Keywords: Phthalocyanine, electrochemistry, lectropolimerization, oxygen reduction

The effects of mineralogical and petrographical features of the Lake District rocks (Isparta, Turkey) on the quality of artificial marbles

Large quantities of marble blocks are produced from many new marble quarries which were opened around Isparta (Turkey) and its surrounding region. The opened quarries are also affected negatively by weathering as a result of karstification. Therefore, block efficiency of the quarries is low which results in a lot of waste materials that can be used in cultured marble production. The production of artificial marble from marble waste materials around Isparta is the main purpose of the study. The cultured marble is an attractive, healthy and homogenous building material. It has a wide application in the building construction sector. Artificial marble which is composed of mineral dusts and polyesters has high mechanical strength and they are durable to various chemical and high temperature environmental conditions. Based on physico- mechanical properties, cultured marbles are accepted by Turkish Standards (TS). The materials used for the production of qualified cultured marble are directly related to the hardness of the minerals used as filler in the polyester resin. Physico- mechanical properties of cultured marble depend on the physical properties of the filler minerals. The compressive strength of the cultured marble material is controlled by the physical properties of the filler minerals, therefore, the hardness of the cultured marble is determined by the hardness of the filler mineral. The following analyses were carried out: wet unit volume analysis, dry unit volume analysis, compressive strength of the materials, capillary water absorption analysis, analysis of ultrasound velocity (P- wave) and the marble wastes bulk chemical analyses were investigated and the results of the data were evaluated and discussed. In addition, natural and artificial marbles were compared with respect to physico- mechanical properties

Peyzaj müdahalesi; tarihi kent korumasında müdahale aracı olarak peyzaj, Yahşibey, Bursa örneği.

Historic urban sites are complex heritage places with various tangible and intangible values. Due to the ongoing life, they are subject to continuous change, which can lead to partial or total loss of their heritage values. Hence, urban conservation aims at developing responses to the changes in historic urban sites, while sustaining their tangible and intangible values. As for all the interventions in heritage places, urban conservation interventions should follow the main principles of 'reversibility', 're-treatability' and 'minimum intervention', as much as possible. Besides, when the results of the interventions are visible and perceivable in as quickly as possible, then their impact on the rehabilitation of the historic urban site is quicker, while they can act as generators of the conservation process. At this point, when compared to the interventions on private properties and built-up areas, intervening in public spaces and open areas are always easier and quicker to start with and operate with, due to their being under public ownership in the majority of the cases. Besides, their outcomes are visible in a shorter time and thus, they can act as generators of the urban conservation process. Accordingly, 'landscape interventions' in historic urban sites appears to be important tools with high potential to generate the urban conservation process in historic urban sites. However, although there exist some examples of landscape interventions in heritage places of different categories and scales, comprehensive study and integral consideration of landscape and conservation does not exist in conservation discipline. Hence, the aim of this thesis is to make a comprehensive assessment of the utilization of landscape design for urban conservation and develop responses with landscape interventions to the changes in historic urban sites as a contribution to their conservation process. Accordingly, the process, method and terminology of landscape interventions for urban conservation are proposed, which are then implemented on the case of Yahşibey Quarter in Bursa. The thesis concludes with defining principles, strategies and actions of landscape interventions for contributing the conservation of Yahşibey Quarter, as a historic urban site. This thesis reveals that intervening with landscape in historic urban sites can be considered as an invaluable tool for urban conservation.M.Arch. - Master of Architectur

Investigation of the effects on ink colour of lacquer coating applied to the printed substrate in the electrophotographic printing system

In this study, the effects of the lacquer applied to the printing materials which were printed by electrophotographic printing method on printing quality were investigated. In practice, printing materials with the same weight and different optical properties were used and the study was carried out in three stages. The optical and physical properties of the printing materials used in the fi rst part were determined, in the second part, the printing of these materials by electrophotographic printing method and printability tests were performed. In the third chapter, matte and glossy lacquers were applied to these printed materials and printability tests were repeated. As a result of the study, it was observed that the application of gloss and matte lacquer caused a decrease in the printing density values and also the application of matte lacquer caused a decrease in the gloss values

Mimarlık, Planlama ve Tasarım Alanında Yeni Ufuklar

Bu çalışma, -Kayseri’nin 1950’lerde inşa edilen mahallelerindenbiri olan ve yakın zamanda uygulamayakonulan kentsel dönüşüm projesiyle birlikte fiziksel vesosyo-kültürel değerleri de dönüşmeye/bozulmaya başlayan-Sahabiye Mahallesi kapsamında kentli belleği aracılığıyla,mahalle sakinlerinin anlatıları üzerinden bir “kentkoruma bilincinin” geliştirilmesinin ipuçlarını arayan birçabanın ürünüdür. Makale, Sahabiye Mahallesi’nde geçmişinbilgisini bugüne taşıyan ve sayıca azalan mahallesakinlerinden biri olan Küçüknalbant Ailesi’nin, mahalleyeilişkin deneyimlerini “bellek” ve mekan bağlamındakorumakta oldukları kabulüne dayandırılmıştır.</p