Enterococci as Fecal Indicator in a Tropical Beach: A Case Study

Fecal enterococci are generally not virulent; however, multidrug-resistant strains have emerged as leading causes of hospital-acquired infections. Thus, periodic enterococci monitoring should be included in highly populated cities to control the dissemination of multidrug-resistant strains to the marine environment. This study aimed to quantify enterococci bacteria from water and intertidal sediment samples in a beach located near Rio de Janeiro touristic spots. We also intended to accomplish if enterococci should be included in touristic beaches sanitary monitoring. Toward this approach, we monitored from August to December 2014 fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) at a beach close to some touristic spots through multiple tube method. Although FIB quantification was within sanitary standards of Brazilian legislation, high enterococci densities (=30 MNP.100 mL-1) were detected in the water collected in August. Thus, enterococci monitoring should be included in touristic beaches to avoid the risk of multidrug-resistant bacteria dissemination among swimmers and beachgoers.Enterococos fecais geralmente não são virulentos, entretanto, cepas multirresistentes emergiram como principais causas de infecções hospitalares. Assim, o monitoramento periódico de enterococos deveria ser incluído em cidades com alta densidade populacional para controlar a disseminação de cepas multirresistentes no ambiente marinho. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar enterococos em amostras de água e sedimento intermaré em uma praia localizada perto de pontos turísticos do Rio de Janeiro. Também pretendemos avaliar se os enterococos devem ser incluídos no programa de monitoramento sanitário das praias turísticas. Para essa abordagem, monitoramos de agosto a dezembro de 2014 as bactérias indicadoras fecais (FIB) em uma praia próxima a pontos turísticos através do método de tubos múltiplos. Embora o FIB estivesse dentro dos padrões sanitários da legislação brasileira, altas densidades de enterococos (= 30 MNP.100 mL-1) foram detectadas na água coletada em agosto. Assim, o monitoramento de enterococos deve ser incluído em praias turísticas para evitar o risco de disseminação de bactérias multirresistentes entre nadadores e frequentadores da praia

Educomunicação, Transformação Social e Desenvolvimento Sustentável

Esta publicação apresenta os principais trabalhos dos GTs do II Congresso Internacional de Comunicação e Educação nos temas Transformação social, com os artigos que abordam principalmente Educomunicação e/ou Mídia-Educação, no contexto de políticas de diversidade, inclusão e equidade; e, em Desenvolvimento Sustentável os artigos que abordam os avanços da relação comunicação/educação no contexto da educação ambiental e desenvolvimento sustentável

Effect of an intraorifice barrier on endodontically treated teeth: a systematic review protocol

The objective is to assess if the use of an intraorifice barrier can reduce microbial microleakage in endodontically treated teeth

Culture-Independent Assessment of Rhizobiales-Related Alphaproteobacteria and the Diversity of Methylobacterium in the Rhizosphere and Rhizoplane of Transgenic Eucalyptus

The rhizosphere is an ecosystem exploited by a variety of organisms involved in plant health and environmental sustainability. Abiotic factors influence microorganism-plant interactions, but the microbial community is also affected by expression of heterologous genes from host plants. In the present work, we assessed the community shifts of Alphaproteobacteria phylogenetically related to the Rhizobiales order (Rhizobiales-like community) in rhizoplane and rhizosphere soils of wild-type and transgenic eucalyptus. A greenhouse experiment was performed and the bacterial communities associated with two wild-type (WT17 and WT18) and four transgenic (TR-9, TR-15, TR-22, and TR-23) eucalyptus plant lines were evaluated. The culture-independent approach consisted of the quantification, by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), of a targeted subset of Alphaproteobacteria and the assessment of its diversity using PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. Real-time quantification revealed a lesser density of the targeted community in TR-9 and TR-15 plants and diversity analysis by principal components analysis, based on PCR-DGGE, revealed differences between bacterial communities, not only between transgenic and nontransgenic plants, but also among wild-type plants. The comparison between clone libraries obtained from the transgenic plant TR-15 and wild-type WT17 revealed distinct bacterial communities associated with these plants. In addition, a culturable approach was used to quantify the Methylobacterium spp. in the samples where the identification of isolates, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed similarities to the species Methylobacterium nodulans, Methylobacterium isbiliense, Methylobacterium variable, Methylobacterium fujisawaense, and Methylobacterium radiotolerans. Colonies classified into this genus were not isolated from the rhizosphere but brought in culture from rhizoplane samples, except for one line of the transgenic plants (TR-15). In general, the data suggested that, in most cases, shifts in bacterial communities due to cultivation of transgenic plants are similar to those observed when different wild-type cultivars are compared, although shifts directly correlated to transgenic plant cultivation may be found.FAPESP (Foundation for Research Assistance, Sao Paulo State, Brazil)[02/14143-3]FAPESP (Foundation for Research Assistance, Sao Paulo State, Brazil)[03/10527-4]CNPq (National Council of Research, Brazil

Diversity of endophytic yeasts from sweet orange and their localization by scanning electron microscopy

Endophytes are microorganisms that colonize plant tissues internally without causing harm to the host. Despite the increasing number of studies on sweet orange pathogens and endophytes, yeast has not been described as a sweet orange endophyte. In the present study, endophytic yeasts were isolated from sweet orange plants and identified by sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rRNA. Plants sampled from four different sites in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil exhibited different levels of CVC (citrus variegated chlorosis) development. Three citrus endophytic yeasts (CEYs), chosen as representative examples of the isolates observed, were identified as Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Pichia guilliermondii and Cryptococcus flavescens. These strains were inoculated into axenic Citrus sinensis seedlings. After 45 days, endophytes were reisolated in populations ranging from 10(6) to 10(9) CFU/g of plant tissue, but, in spite of the high concentrations of yeast cells, no disease symptoms were observed. Colonized plant material was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and yeast cells were found mainly in the stomata and xylem of plants, reinforcing their endophytic nature. P. guilliermondii was isolated primarily from plants colonized by the causal agent of CVC, Xylella fastidiosa. The supernatant from a culture of P. guilliermondii increased the in vitro growth of X. fastidiosa, suggesting that the yeast could assist in the establishment of this pathogen in its host plant and, therefore, contribute to the development of disease symptoms.FAPESP[06/55494-4]CNPq/RHA

Diversidade genética estimada com marcadores entre sequências simples repetidas em cultivos comerciais de Cupuaçuzeiro

RESUMO: Quinze primers ISSR (entre sequências simples repetidas) foram utilizados para avaliar a diversidade genética entre e dentro de pomares comerciais de Theobroma grandiflorum (Willd. ex Spreng.) K. Schum. Para isso, foram analisados sessenta indivíduos, distribuídos nos três cultivos. Um total de 102 bandas foi amplificado, com uma porcentagem de 52,0% de polimorfismo em nível de espécie e média de 6,8 alelos por primer ISSR. A média do Índice de Conteúdo Polimórfico (PIC) foi de 0,55. Em relação aos índices de diversidade gênica de Nei (H) e de Shannon (I), os cultivos analisados apresentaram os valores: SAR H = 0,114 e I = 0,177; SSL H = 0,108 e I = 0,162 e SEC H = 0,104 e I = 0,156, considerados valores de moderados a baixos. A AMOVA revelou 34,91% da variância total entre os cultivos e 65,09% dentro deles. Os marcadores moleculares ISSR revelaram que há diversidade genética dentro de cada cultivo comercial estudado, portanto é possível selecionar genótipos superiores que poderão ser utilizados para originar cultivos mais uniformes. Esse resultado tem sido considerado de grande relevância, por fornecer ferramentas para a implementação de programas de melhoramento e delineamento de estratégias de conservação ex situ e in situ

2023 UPDATE: Luso-Brazilian evidence-based guideline for the management of antidiabetic therapy in type 2 diabetes

Abstract Background The management of antidiabetic therapy in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has evolved beyond glycemic control. In this context, Brazil and Portugal defined a joint panel of four leading diabetes societies to update the guideline published in 2020. Methods The panelists searched MEDLINE (via PubMed) for the best evidence from clinical studies on treating T2D and its cardiorenal complications. The panel searched for evidence on antidiabetic therapy in people with T2D without cardiorenal disease and in patients with T2D and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), heart failure (HF), or diabetic kidney disease (DKD). The degree of recommendation and the level of evidence were determined using predefined criteria. Results and conclusions All people with T2D need to have their cardiovascular (CV) risk status stratified and HbA1c, BMI, and eGFR assessed before defining therapy. An HbA1c target of less than 7% is adequate for most adults, and a more flexible target (up to 8%) should be considered in frail older people. Non-pharmacological approaches are recommended during all phases of treatment. In treatment naïve T2D individuals without cardiorenal complications, metformin is the agent of choice when HbA1c is 7.5% or below. When HbA1c is above 7.5% to 9%, starting with dual therapy is recommended, and triple therapy may be considered. When HbA1c is above 9%, starting with dual therapyt is recommended, and triple therapy should be considered. Antidiabetic drugs with proven CV benefit (AD1) are recommended to reduce CV events if the patient is at high or very high CV risk, and antidiabetic agents with proven efficacy in weight reduction should be considered when obesity is present. If HbA1c remains above target, intensification is recommended with triple, quadruple therapy, or even insulin-based therapy. In people with T2D and established ASCVD, AD1 agents (SGLT2 inhibitors or GLP-1 RA with proven CV benefit) are initially recommended to reduce CV outcomes, and metformin or a second AD1 may be necessary to improve glycemic control if HbA1c is above the target. In T2D with HF, SGLT2 inhibitors are recommended to reduce HF hospitalizations and mortality and to improve HbA1c. In patients with DKD, SGLT2 inhibitors in combination with metformin are recommended when eGFR is above 30 mL/min/1.73 m2. SGLT2 inhibitors can be continued until end-stage kidney disease