12 research outputs found

    Deficiência mental e família: uma análise da produção científica

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    A produção científica na área de deficiência mental tem aumentado nos últimos anos, porém, ainda é escassa. Este estudo tem como objetivo analisar resumos de publicações científicas na área de deficiência mental e família, referentes ao período de 1985 a 1999, focalizando os temas investigados, o tamanho da amostra e as técnicas empregadas para a coleta de dados. Foi realizado um levantamento no Psychological Abstracts, nas bases de dados PsycLit e ProQuest e nos principais periódicos nacionais. Foram encontradas 304 publicações diretamente relacionadas ao assunto, sendo 38% artigos de pesquisa, 21% artigos teóricos/revisão de literatura, 20,4% livros/capítulos de livros, 10% teses/dissertações e 7,2% resenhas/comentários. Verificou-se que 44% dos artigos de pesquisa utilizaram apenas uma técnica para a coleta de dados, sendo a observação do comportamento a técnica mais empregada. Os resultados mostram que há necessidade de se estudar as famílias de crianças com deficiência mental, focalizando as interações e relações desenvolvidas entre os diferentes subsistemas familiares e, também, a importância de se adotar a teoria dos sistemas ecológicos de Bronfenbrenner para o desenvolvimento de projetos de pesquisa nesta área

    Crianças com e sem síndrome de Down: valores e crenças de pais e professores Children with and without Down syndrome: parental and teacher values and beliefs

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    Os valores e as crenças de pais e professores permeiam as práticas de cuidados e socialização das crianças e se expressam nas atividades rotineiras em que elas se engajam com seus diversos cuidadores. Este estudo descreve os valores e as crenças de 10 famílias e 10 professoras a respeito dos seguintes aspectos do desenvolvimento de crianças com e sem síndrome de Down: desenvolvimento motor, escolarização, profissionalização, relações íntimas e expectativas quanto ao futuro. As famílias eram compostas por pai, mãe e filhos, sendo que, em cinco delas, havia uma criança com síndrome de Down e, nas outras cinco, todas as crianças tinham desenvolvimento típico. Os dados foram coletados na residência das famílias, tendo sido realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com os genitores e aplicado um questionário de caracterização do sistema familiar. Já as professoras foram entrevistadas no próprio local de trabalho. Os resultados mostraram diferenças nos valores e crenças relatados pelos genitores de crianças com e sem síndrome de Down, especialmente no que se refere ao desenvolvimento motor do filho. As professoras relataram mudanças no desempenho acadêmico das crianças, bem como em seus relacionamentos sociais. Enquanto as professoras do ensino especial esperam progressos nos resultados acadêmicos, em longo prazo, as professoras do ensino regular esperam resultados mais imediatos de suas crianças com desenvolvimento típico. Os dados indicam algumas similaridades entre as crenças de pais e professoras, as quais acreditam que o apoio e o envolvimento da família podem propiciar à criança com síndrome de Down os avanços necessários ao seu desenvolvimento.<br>Parental and teacher values and beliefs permeate the care and socialization practices of children and are expressed in the daily activities that children engage in with their various caretakers. This study describes the values and beliefs of 10 families and 10 teachers in relation to some aspects of the development of children with and without Down syndrome, such as motor development, academic performance, preparation for work, social and intimate relationships and expectation for the future. The families were composed of both parents and their offspring; five families had one child with Down syndrome and the other five had all children with typical development. The data were collected in the families' homes and the parents participated in semi-structured interviews and answered a questionnaire about the characterization of the family system. The teachers were interviewed in their workplace. The results showed some differences in the values and beliefs reported by the parents of children with and without Down syndrome, particularly in relation to the child's motor development. The teachers reported changes in the children's academic performance as well as in their social relationships. While the teachers of children with special educational needs expect long-term academic performance advances from the children with Down syndrome, the teachers of children with typical development expect more immediate advances from them. The results indicate some similarities between the parents' and the teachers' beliefs; both groups understand that family support and involvement is crucial to the development of the children with Down syndrome

    Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

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    Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

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    International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora
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