Parametric generalization of Baskakov operators

Herein we propose a non-negative real parametric generalization of the Baskakov operators and call them as $alpha$-Baskakov operators. We show that $alpha$-Baskakov operators can be expressed in terms of divided differences. Then, we obtain $n$th order derivative of $alpha$-Baskakov operators in order to obtain its new representation as powers of independent variable $x$. In addition, we obtain Korovkin’s type approximation properties of $alpha$-Baskakov operators. Moreover, by using the modulus of continuity, we obtain the rate of convergence. Numerical results presented show that depending on the value of the parameter $alpha$, an approximation to a function improves compared to the classical Baskakov operators

Approximation properties of two dimensional Bernstein-Stancu-Chlodowsky operators

In this paper, as a generalization of Bernstein-Stancu type operators of two variable, we introduce a new positive linear operator called Bernstein-Stancu-Chlodowsky on a triangular domain, with mobile boundaries, which extends to [0, ∞) × [0, ∞) as n → ∞. We give some shape properties that are preserved and also obtain weighted approximation properties of these operators

The Effects of Different Carotenoid Sources on Skin Pigmentation of Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different carotenoid sources on goldfish (Carassius auratus) skin pigmentation. The value of goldfish depends on the intensity of the skin color. In the red variety of goldfish, an orange-red hue is desirable. Juvenile goldfish were fed one of five diets for five months to determine the effects of carotenoids on skin pigmentation, growth, feed efficiency, and survival: (1) astaxanthin (carophyll pink at 75 mg/kg), (2) canthaxanthin (carophyll red at 75 mg/kg), (3) Gammarus spp. (75 mg/kg), (4) Oleoresin paprika (180 mg/kg), and (5) an unsupplemented control. Growth and feed efficiency did not significantly differ among groups. Initial and final samples of head skin were measured by colorimetric analysis for lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*), hue (Hºab), and chroma (Cab*). The best red color (a* and Hºab) was obtained with the astaxanthin, canthaxanthin, and paprika diets

Intermediate Product Profile as a Result of Ozone Oxidation of Industrial Wastewater

The following were found when testing the wastewater in the study: 0.38% 7-Hydroxy-7-phenly-3,9-diisopropyl-2,10-dioxadispiri, 1.71% 2-Propanone (CAS) Acetone, 20.87% 2-propanol, 2-methyl- (CAS) tert-Butyl alcohol, 14.92% 2-Butanone (CAS) Methyl ethyl ketone, 62.11% Hydroperoxide, 1,1-dimethyl (CAS) Cadox TBH, COD (10,000-23,725 mg COD / l), total kjeldahl nitrogen (<6.2 mg / l), free chlorine (<0.05 mg / l) and chloride (> 9,042 mg / l). The water was then oxidated using ozone (4.1 g / h) and intermediate product formation and COD removal efficiency were studied. The current wastewater characteristics vary in line with product supply and demand.In this study, a cylinder reactor with an internal diameter of 5.8 cm and a height of 1.7 meters was used for ozonation (4.1 g/saat). After seven hours of ozonation, the wastewater pH value fell below four, showing that complex compounds were broken down to organic acids. At the end of the first, third, fourth, fifth and sixth hours of the ozonation process, respectively, nitrogen oxide (H), N, 2-Dimethydodecylamine (K), Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl (hydroxybutyric) (L), 2-Butanone, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl (M), 2,3 Butanedione (diacetyl) (N), Ammonium bicarbonate (O) ), Carbamicacid, monoammonium salt (Ammonium Carbamat) (P), Acetic acid, ethoxy-, 1-methylethyl ester (R) intermediates were formed. After seven hours of ozonation, the influent COD decreased from 17,000 mg / l to 2,860 mg / l. As a result of the ozone process, the organic substances were mostly transformed into 2-propanone (Acetone) (B) and 2-propanol, 2-methyl (tert-butyl alcohol) (C). Keywords: Ozonation, COD, Industrial wastewater, Intermediate product DOI: 10.7176/CER/11-10-03 Publication date: November 30th 201

Remark on weighted approximation properties of generalized Picard operators

Bascanbaz-Tunca, Gulen/0000-0003-3216-1661WOS: 000338514500032In this article, we still hold the study of the generalized Picard operators P-lambda,P-beta (f; q) depending on nonisotropic beta-distance given in [3]. By continuing to deal with the nonisotropic weighted L-p,L-beta (R-n) space defined in [17], we introduce a new weighted L-p,L-beta modulus of continuity depending on the nonisotropic distance to obtain the weighted rate of convergence. We show that weighted convergence rate of P-lambda,P-beta (f; q) to f can be made better not only depending on the chosen q but also the choice of beta. We get that P-lambda,P-beta (f; q) satisfy the global smoothness preservation property via weighted L-p,L-beta modulus of continuity. Also we give direct approximation property of the generalized Picard operators P-lambda,P-beta (f; q) with respect to nonisotropic weighted norm

On Baskakov operators preserving the exponential function

In this paper, we are concerned about the King-type Baskakov operators defined by means of the preserving functions $e_{0}$ and $e^{2ax},\ a>0$ fixed. Using the modulus of continuity, we show the uniform convergence of new operators to $f$. Also, by analyzing the asymptotic behavior of King-type operators with a Voronovskaya-type theorem, we establish shape preserving properties using the generalized convexity

Multiple Orbitoides d’Orbigny lineages in the Maastrichtian? Data from the Central Sakarya Basin (Turkey) and Arabian Platform successions (Southeastern Turkey and Oman)

The standard reconstruction of species of Orbitoides d'Orbigny into a single lineage during the late Santonian to the end of the Maastrichtian is based upon morphometric data from Western Europe. An irreversible increase in the size of the embryonic apparatus, and the formation of a greater number of epi-embryonic chamberlets (EPC) with time, is regarded as the main evolutionary trends used in species discrimination. However, data from Maastrichtian Orbitoides assemblages from Central Turkey and the Arabian Platform margin (Southeastern Turkey and Oman) are not consistent with this record. The Maastrichtian Besni Formation of the Arabian Platform margin in Southeastern Turkey yields invariably biconvex specimens, with small, tri- to quadrilocular embryons and a small number of EPC, comparable to late Campanian Orbitoides medius (d'Archiac). The upper Maastrichtian Tarakli Formation from the Sakarya Basin of Central Turkey contains two distinct, yet closely associated forms of Orbitoides, easily differentiated by both external and internal features. Flat to biconcave specimens possess a small, tri- to quadrilocular embryonic apparatus of Orbitoides medius-type and a small number of EPC, whereas biconvex specimens possess a large, predominantly bilocular embryonic apparatus, and were assigned to Orbitoides ex. interc. gruenbachensis Papp-apiculatus Schlumberger based on morphometry. The flat to biconcave specimens belong to a long overlooked species Orbitoides pamiri Meric, originally described from the late Maastrichtian of the Tauride Mountains in SW Turkey. This species is herein interpreted to be an offshoot from the main Orbitoides lineage during the Maastrichtian, as are forms that we term Orbitoides 'medius', since they recall this species, yet are younger than normal occurrence with the accepted morphometrically defined lineage. The consistent correlation between the external and internal test features in O. pamiri implies that the shape of the test is not an ecophenotypic variation, but appears to be biologically controlled. We, therefore, postulate that more than one lineage of Orbitoides exists during the Maastrichtian, with a lineage that includes O. 'medius' and O. pamiri displaying retrograde evolutionary features

Serum fetuin-A and RANKL levels in patients with early stage breast cancer

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is the primary cause of mortality due to cancer in females around the world. Fetuin-A is known to increase metastases over signals and peroxisomes related with growing. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) takes part in cell adhesion, and RANKL inhibition is used in the management of cancer. We aimed to examine the relationship between serum fetuin-A, RANKL levels, other laboratory parameters and clinical findings in women diagnosed with early stage BC, in our population. Methods: Women having early stage BC (n=117) met our study inclusion criteria as they had no any anti-cancer therapy before. Thirty-seven healthy women controls were also confirmed with breast examination and ultrasonography and/or mammography according to their ages. Serum samples were stored at -80 °C and analysed via ELISA. Results: Median age of the patients was 53 (range: 57-86) while it was 47 (range: 23-74) in the healthy group. Patients had lower high-density lipoprotein levels (p=0.002) and higher neutrophil counts (p=0.014). Fetuin-A and RANKL levels did not differ between the groups (p=0.116 and p=0.439, respectively) but RANKL leves were found to be lower in the favorable histological subtypes (p=0.04). Conclusions: In this study, we found no correlation between serum fetuin-A levels and clinical findings in patients diagnosed with early stage BC. However, RANKL levels are found to be lower in subgroups with favorable histopathologic subtypes such as tubular, papillary and mucinous BC and there was statistically significant difference