Reduction of seafood processing wastewater using technologies enhanced by swim–bed technology

The increasing growth of the seafood processing industries considerably requires more industrial process activities and water consumption. It is estimated that approximately 10–40 m3 of wastewater is generated from those industries for processing one-tonne of raw materials. Due to limitations and regulations in natural resources utilization, a suitable and systematic wastewater treatment plant is very important to meet rigorous discharge standards. As a result of food waste biodegradability, the biological treatment and some extent of swim-bed technology, including a novel acryl-fibre (biofilm) material might be used effectively to meet the effluent discharge criteria. This chapter aims to develop understanding on current problems and production of the seafood wastewater regarding treatment efficiency and methods of treatment

Dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children's worldwide, 1995 to 2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Early childhood caries (ECC) is a type of dental caries in the teeth of infants and children that is represented as one of the most prevalent dental problems in this period. Various studies have reported different types of prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children worldwide. However, there has been no comprehensive study to summarize the results of these studies in general, so this study aimed to determine the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children in different continents of the world during a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: In this review study, articles were extracted by searching in the national and international databases of SID, MagIran, IranMedex, IranDoc, Cochrane, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (ISI) between 1995 and December 2019. Random effects model was used for analysis and heterogeneity of studies was evaluated by using the I2 index. Data were analyzed by using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (Version 2) software. Findings: In this study, a total of 164 articles (81 articles on the prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth and 83 articles on the prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth) were entered the meta-analysis. The prevalence of dental caries in primary teeth in children in the world with a sample size of 80,405 was 46.2% (95% CI: 41.6–50.8%), and the prevalence of dental caries in permanent teeth in children in the world with a sample size of 1,454,871 was 53.8% (95% CI: 50–57.5%). Regarding the heterogeneity on the basis of meta-regression analysis, there was a significant difference in the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent teeth in children in different continents of the world. With increasing the sample size and the year of study, dental caries in primary teeth increased and in permanent teeth decreased. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the prevalence of primary and permanent dental caries in children in the world was found to be high. Therefore, appropriate strategies should be implemented to improve the aforementioned situation and to troubleshoot and monitor at all levels by providing feedback to hospitals

The rat gastric phospholipids : Increased in ulcerated mucosa and decreased after healing

The composition and content of the gastric phospholipids were followed during development and healing of indometha-cin-induced chronic, antral ulcers in rats. The individual phospholipids were identified by thin-layer chromatography and quantitatively estimated by spectrophotometric analysis of phosphate. No changes were found in phospholipid composition and content after a 24-hour fast or during the first 24 h after indomethacin was given. The total phospholipid content and the content of lysophosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylcholine were increased on the 5th day, when chronic ulcers were established. After 4 weeks, when the ulcers were healed, the total phospholipid content, and content of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol, respectively, were decreased, while the content of lysophosphatidylcholine was increased. In conclusion, the composition and content of gastric phospholipids were altered in rats with ulcers as well as in rats with healed ulcers

Novel Management of Complicated Renal Artery Aneurysm: Laparoscopic Nephrectomy and Ex-Vivo

Background and Purpose: Renal artery aneurysm (RAA) is an infrequently seen disease entity but one with the potential for significant morbidity and mortality. Complications related to RAA include pain, hematuria, hypertension, and, rarely, rupture. Management is often based on symptomatology or, if symptoms are not present, the potential for rupture with increased size. Treatment options include observation, endovascular methods, or open surgical approaches, including aneurysm repair or nephrectomy. Complex cases often preclude endovascular approaches. We report our initial experience with laparoscopic nephrectomy, ex vivo back-table repair of the aneurysm, and iliac fossa autotransplant in cases of complex RAA. Patients and Methods: Two patients underwent laparoscopic nephrectomy with RAA repair and heterotopic autotransplant from May 2006 to November 2008. Etiology of the RAA was atherosclerosis in one patient and idiopathic in the second. Laparoscopic nephrectomy and back-table arterial reconstruction was performed, including aneurysmectomy and ostial closure. Patient 2 needed a gonadal vein graft for arterial reconstruction. Both patients had autotransplant into the right iliac fossa. Results: Both patients were women. Mean age was 52.5 years (range 39–66 yrs). Mean operative blood loss was 550 mL (range 350–750 mL). Mean length of stay was 5.5 days (range 5–6 d). Mean discharge creatinine level was 0.8 mg/dL (range 0.5–1.1 mg/dL). No perioperative complications were reported. At last follow-up, all patients are alive with functioning autotransplant and no evidence of functional impairment. Conclusion: Management of complex RAA with laparoscopic nephrectomy, extracorporeal repair, and autotransplant is a feasible and successful method with minimal morbidity

Recessive Robinow syndrome, allelic to dominant brachydactyly type B, is caused by mutation of ROR2

The autosomal recessive form of Robinow syndrome (RRS; MIM 268310) is a severe skeletal dysplasia with generalized limb bone shortening, segmental defects of the spine, brachydactyly and a dysmorphic facial appearance(1-3). We previously mapped the gene mutated in RRS to chromosome 9q22 (ref. 4), a region that overlaps the locus for autosomal dominant brachydactyly type B (refs 5,6). The recent identification of ROR2, encoding an orphan receptor tyrosine kinase, as the gene mutated in brachydactyly type B (BDB1; ref. 7) and the mesomelic dwarfing in mice homozygous for a lacZ and/or a neo insertion into Ror2 (refs 8.9) made this gene a candidate for RRS. Here we report homozygous missense mutations in both intracellular and extracellular domains of ROR2 in affected individuals from 3 unrelated consanguineous families, and a nonsense mutation that removes the tyrosine kinase domain and all subsequent 3' regions of the gene in 14 patients from 7 families from Oman. The nature of these mutations suggests that RRS is caused by loss of ROR2 activity. The identification of mutations in three distinct domains (containing Frizzled-like, kringle and tyrosine kinase motifs) indicates that these are all essential for ROR2 function