Social moral judgment among students that consume alcohol beverages: acceptability, categories of justification and authority jurisdiction

O conhecimento sobre o uso de álcool e outras drogas entre adolescentes e jovens está bem descrito na literatura científica, mas pouco se sabe sobre o julgamento desta conduta em termos sócio-morais. Partindo desta perspectiva, este trabalho avalia como 46 estudantes de ensino médio de uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo, Brasil, julgam as condutas de uso de bebidas alcoólicas (incluindo o beber e dirigir), furto, agressão e uso de capacete em motocicletas. Resultados mostram que beber e dirigir, agressão e furto são os eventos considerados menos aceitáveis e que o uso de bebidas alcoólicas é classificado nos domínios convencional e de prudência.El conocimiento acerca del uso de alcohol y otras drogas entre adolescentes y jóvenes está bien relatado en la literatura científica, pero poco se sabe a respecto de cómo es juzgado en términos sociomorales este comportamiento. En esta perspectiva la presente investigación evalúa como 46 estudiantes de la enseñanza media de una ciudad del interior del estado de São Paulo, Brasil, juzgan las conductas de uso de bebidas alcohólicas (incluso beber y conducir), hurto, agresión y uso de cascos. Resultados señalan que beber y conducir, agresión y hurto son los eventos considerados menos aceptables y el uso de bebidas alcohólicas es clasificado en los dominios convencional y de prudencia.The knowledge about the use of alcohol and other drugs among adolescents and young people is well described in scientific literature, however, little is known about how this behavior is judged in socio moral terms. This research aims to assess how 46 high-school students in a city in the interior of the state of São Paulo, Brazil, judge the behavior of consumption of alcohol beverages (including drinking and driving), theft, aggression and crash helmet use. Results show that drinking and driving, aggression and theft are considered the least acceptable behaviors, and the use of alcohol beverages is classified in the conventional and prudence domains

Relação da química com o cotidiano na visão de alunos de ensino médio envolvidos em um projeto do pibi

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Photosynthetic quantum efficiency in south‐eastern Amazonian trees may be already affected by climate change

Tropical forests are experiencing unprecedented high‐temperature conditions due to climate change that could limit their photosynthetic functions. We studied the high‐temperature sensitivity of photosynthesis in a rainforest site in southern Amazonia, where some of the highest temperatures and most rapid warming in the Tropics have been recorded. The quantum yield (F v /F m ) of photosystem II was measured in seven dominant tree species using leaf discs exposed to varying levels of heat stress. T 50 was calculated as the temperature at which F v /F m was half the maximum value. T 5 is defined as the breakpoint temperature, at which F v /F m decline was initiated. Leaf thermotolerance in the rapidly warming southern Amazonia was the highest recorded for forest tree species globally. T 50 and T 5 varied between species, with one mid‐storey species, Amaioua guianensis , exhibiting particularly high T 50 and T 5 values. While the T 50 values of the species sampled were several degrees above the maximum air temperatures experienced in southern Amazonia, the T 5 values of several species are now exceeded under present‐day maximum air temperatures

A canine leishmaniasis pilot survey in an emerging focus of visceral leishmaniasis: Posadas (Misiones, Argentina)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>An increasing number of reports are calling our attention to the worldwide spread of leishmaniasis. The urbanization of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) has been observed in different South American countries, due to changes in demographic and ecological factors. In May 2006, VL was detected for the first time in the city of Posadas (Misiones, Argentina). This event encouraged us to conduct a clinical and parasitological pilot survey on domestic dogs from Posadas to identify their potential role as reservoirs for the disease.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>One hundred and ten dogs from the city of Posadas were included in the study. They were selected based on convenience and availability. All dogs underwent clinical examination. Symptomatology related to canine leishmaniasis was recorded, and peripheral blood and lymph node aspirates were collected. Anti-<it>Leishmania </it>antibodies were detected using rK39-immunocromatographic tests and IFAT. Parasite detection was based on peripheral blood and lymph node aspirate PCR targeting the <it>SSUrRNA </it>gene. Molecular typing was addressed by DNA sequence analysis of the PCR products obtained by <it>SSUrRNA </it>and ITS-1 PCR.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>According to clinical examination, 69.1% (76/110) of the dogs presented symptoms compatible with canine leishmaniasis. Serological analyses were positive for 43.6% (48/110) of the dogs and parasite DNA was detected in 47.3% (52/110). A total of 63 dogs (57.3%) were positive by serology and/or PCR. Molecular typing identified <it>Leishmania infantum </it>(syn. <it>Leishmania chagasi</it>) as the causative agent.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This work confirms recent findings which revealed the presence of <it>Lutzomyia longipalpis</it>, the vector of <it>L. infantum </it>in this area of South America. This new VL focus could be well established, and further work is needed to ascertain its magnitude and to prevent further human VL cases.</p

Low appendicular muscle mass is correlated with femoral neck bone mineral density loss in postmenopausal women

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>After menopause, rapid bone mass loss occurs in response to hypoestrogenism. Several studies suggest that muscle mass and bone mineral density (BMD) are positively associated in postmenopausal women. Therefore, it may be assumed that postmenopausal low appendicular muscle mass (aMM) can increase BMD loss in a short period of time.</p> <p>Objective</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to assess relationship of aMM with femoral neck BMD in postmenopausal women.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Prospective, controlled clinical Trial including 64 women aged 45-70 years, who had not had their last menstruation for at least one year. Subjects were divided into two groups: low aMM (n = 32), and normal aMM (n-32). Femoral neck BMD and muscle mass were measured by DXA at baseline and after twelve months. Pairwise and independent t tests were used for data analysis.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Baseline weight, BMI and muscle mass (total and appendicular) significantly differ between groups (p < 0.05). After twelve months, femoral neck BMD was significantly lower in the group with low aMM, whereas no significant difference was observed in the group with normal aMM (p < 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>In postmenopausal women, low appendicular muscle mass is associated negatively with femoral neck BMD in a short period of time.</p