Components + aspects: a general overview

In the last few years, new ways of decomposing systems have been proposed. First, component-oriented development has been widely recognized as a paradigm for developing systems using pieces called components. But more recently, a new philosophy known as advanced separation of concerns or aspect-oriented programming has arisen. This paradigm has as one of its main aims the improvement of systems’ decomposition. Although at first sight it seems that both approaches clash, they are not incompatible. Therefore, the main goal of this paper is to analise the different proposals to bridge the gap between components and aspects.Keywords: Aspect oriented programming, advanced separation of concerns, component technology

Metodología de evaluación continua en la asignatura de Fundamentos de Programación: un cambio de evaluación enfocado al desarrollo de competencias

El marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) y la implantación del Sistema de Crédito Europeo (ECTS) han motivado un cambio en el modelo educativo. De un modelo basado en clases magistrales se ha evolucionado hacia un modelo basado en el aprendizaje por competencias del alumnado. Esto implica un cambio en el sistema de evaluación. Este trabajo expone la experiencia negativa vivida el primer año de la asignatura de Fundamentos de la Programación (FP) en los nuevos Grados de Ingeniería Informática de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática (ETSII) de la Universidad de Sevilla (US). La experiencia negativa se produjo por una sobre-evaluación del alumnado fruto de una planificación de evaluación un tanto excesiva. Como consecuencia de esta experiencia negativa, se decidió realizar una nueva planificación de evaluación continua de competencias adquiridas. Esta planificación se está llevando a cabo en la actualidad y en este artículo presentamos las conclusiones parciales.SUMMARY -- The European Higher Education Area and the implantation of the European Credit Transfer System have promoted a change in the educational model and, hence, a change in the evaluation system. This paper describes the negative experience in the first year of the course Fundamentals of Programming in the new Computer Science Degrees at University of Seville. The negative experience has been an overevaluation of the students caused by an excessive evaluation planning. To overcome this negative experience, a new plan of continuous assessment of skills is planned. This plan is being implemented at present and the partial conclusions obtained are described in this paper.Peer Reviewe

An Architecture for Querying Business Process, Business Process Instances, and Business Data Models

Business data are usually managed by means of business processes during process instances. These viewpoints (business, instances and data) are strongly related because the life-cycle of business data objects need to be aligned with the business process and process instance models. However, current approaches do not provide a mechanism to integrate these three viewpoints nor to query them all together while maintaining the information in the distributed, heterogeneous systems where they have been created. In this paper, we propose the integration of the business process, business process instance, and business data models by using their metamodels and also an architecture to support this integration. The goal of this integration is to make the most of the three models and the technologies that support them in an isolated way. In our approach, it is not necessary to change the source data formats nor transforming them into a common one. Furthermore, the proposed architecture allows us to query the three models even though they come from three di�erent technologies

Una experiencia práctica reutilizando aspectos

Este art´ıculo cuenta nuestra experiencia obtenida tras haber realizado un proyecto utilizando la tecnolog´ıa de aspectos AspectJ, y plantearsenos el hecho de reutilizar los aspectos definidos en el mismo con un nuevo proyecto a desarrollar. En definitiva, comprobar de forma pr´actica el grado de reutilizaci´on que tienen los aspectos en distintas aplicaciones

Metodología de evaluación continua en la asignatura de Fundamentos de Programación: un cambio de evaluación enfocado al desarrollo de competencias

El marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) y la implantación del Sistema de Crédito Europeo (ECTS) han motivado un cambio en el modelo educativo. De un modelo basado en clases magistrales se ha evolucionado hacia un modelo basado en el aprendizaje por competencias del alumnado. Esto implica un cambio en el sistema de evaluación. Este trabajo expone la experiencia negativa vivida el primer año de la asignatura de Fundamentos de la Programación (FP) en los nuevos Grados de Ingeniería Informática de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática (ETSII) de la Universidad de Sevilla (US). La experiencia negativa se produjo por una sobre-evaluación del alumnado fruto de una planificación de evaluación un tanto excesiva. Como consecuencia de esta experiencia negativa, se decidió realizar una nueva planificación de evaluación continua de competencias adquiridas. Esta planificación se está llevando a cabo en la actualidad y en este artículo presentamos las conclusiones parciales.The European Higher Education Area and the implantation of the European Credit Transfer System have promoted a change in the educational model and, hence, a change in the evaluation system. This paper describes the negative experience in the first year of the course Fundamentals of Programming in the new Computer Science Degrees at University of Seville. The negative experience has been an overevaluation of the students caused by an excessive evaluation planning. To overcome this negative experience, a new plan of continuous assessment of skills is planned. This plan is being implemented at present and the partial conclusions obtained are described in this paper

Metodología de evaluación continua en la asignatura de Fundamentos de Programación: un cambio de evaluación enfocado al desarrollo de competencias

El marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) y la implantación del Sistema de Crédito Europeo (ECTS) han motivado un cambio en el modelo educativo. De un modelo basado en clases magistrales se ha evolucionado hacia un modelo basado en el aprendizaje por competencias del alumnado. Esto implica un cambio en el sistema de evaluación. Este trabajo expone la experiencia negativa vivida el primer año de la asignatura de Fundamentos de la Programación (FP) en los nuevos Grados de Ingeniería Informática de la Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Informática (ETSII) de la Universidad de Sevilla (US). La experiencia negativa se produjo por una sobre-evaluación del alumnado fruto de una planificación de evaluación un tanto excesiva. Como consecuencia de esta experiencia negativa, se decidió realizar una nueva planificación de evaluación continua de competencias adquiridas. Esta planificación se está llevando a cabo en la actualidad y en este artículo presentamos las conclusiones parciales.SUMMARY -- The European Higher Education Area and the implantation of the European Credit Transfer System have promoted a change in the educational model and, hence, a change in the evaluation system. This paper describes the negative experience in the first year of the course Fundamentals of Programming in the new Computer Science Degrees at University of Seville. The negative experience has been an overevaluation of the students caused by an excessive evaluation planning. To overcome this negative experience, a new plan of continuous assessment of skills is planned. This plan is being implemented at present and the partial conclusions obtained are described in this paper.Peer Reviewe

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

International audienceBackground: Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings: Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0–4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2–6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation: In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates. Funding: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Respiratory Society

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Background Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0–4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2–6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates

Weaning from mechanical ventilation in intensive care units across 50 countries (WEAN SAFE): a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study

Background: Current management practices and outcomes in weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation are poorly understood. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, timings, risk for failure, and outcomes of weaning in patients requiring at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation. Methods: WEAN SAFE was an international, multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study done in 481 intensive care units in 50 countries. Eligible participants were older than 16 years, admitted to a participating intensive care unit, and receiving mechanical ventilation for 2 calendar days or longer. We defined weaning initiation as the first attempt to separate a patient from the ventilator, successful weaning as no reintubation or death within 7 days of extubation, and weaning eligibility criteria based on positive end-expiratory pressure, fractional concentration of oxygen in inspired air, and vasopressors. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients successfully weaned at 90 days. Key secondary outcomes included weaning duration, timing of weaning events, factors associated with weaning delay and weaning failure, and hospital outcomes. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03255109. Findings: Between Oct 4, 2017, and June 25, 2018, 10 232 patients were screened for eligibility, of whom 5869 were enrolled. 4523 (77·1%) patients underwent at least one separation attempt and 3817 (65·0%) patients were successfully weaned from ventilation at day 90. 237 (4·0%) patients were transferred before any separation attempt, 153 (2·6%) were transferred after at least one separation attempt and not successfully weaned, and 1662 (28·3%) died while invasively ventilated. The median time from fulfilling weaning eligibility criteria to first separation attempt was 1 day (IQR 0-4), and 1013 (22·4%) patients had a delay in initiating first separation of 5 or more days. Of the 4523 (77·1%) patients with separation attempts, 2927 (64·7%) had a short wean (≤1 day), 457 (10·1%) had intermediate weaning (2-6 days), 433 (9·6%) required prolonged weaning (≥7 days), and 706 (15·6%) had weaning failure. Higher sedation scores were independently associated with delayed initiation of weaning. Delayed initiation of weaning and higher sedation scores were independently associated with weaning failure. 1742 (31·8%) of 5479 patients died in the intensive care unit and 2095 (38·3%) of 5465 patients died in hospital. Interpretation: In critically ill patients receiving at least 2 days of invasive mechanical ventilation, only 65% were weaned at 90 days. A better understanding of factors that delay the weaning process, such as delays in weaning initiation or excessive sedation levels, might improve weaning success rates. Funding: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, European Respiratory Society