Educação Física Escolar e multiculturalismo: possibilidades pedagógicas

School and Physical Education have always had difficulty to deal and to spread the manifestation of the differences and to give value to it. The aim of this work is to analyze the interfaces between school Physical Education and multiculturalism, presenting some intervention suggestions for the primary education. A bibliographic review was conducted on the issue searching an understanding on the pedagogic practice of the Physical Education professional, pointing some possible approaches. In order to change such pattern it was suggested the following: not to face the discrimination and prejudice superficially, but instead, to highlight the discriminating issue and to encourage reflection on it, not forgetting the curricular content; to value the different spontaneous cultural manifestations and to propose situations in which different cultures are shown and challenged; to use the inclusion principle; to reflect about the own action; to choose and to contextualize the contents in a diversified way; to evaluate the students attitude towards the difference respect; to propose interdisciplinary projects to reduce the discrimination practices, considering the cultural reality of the school.A escola e a Educação Física sempre tiveram dificuldades em lidar e abrir espaços para a manifestação e a valorização das diferenças. Nosso artigo, de caráter teórico, tem como objetivo analisar as interfaces entre a Educação Física escolar e o multiculturalismo, apresentando algumas sugestões de intervenção para o ensino básico. Realizamos uma revisão teórica sobre o assunto, que buscou refletir sobre a prática pedagógica dos profissionais de Educação Física, apontando algumas possibilidades de abordagem. Para a mudança deste quadro sugerimos: não encarar a problemática das discriminações e dos preconceitos de forma superficial, mas sim destacar o conteúdo discriminador e estimular a reflexão sobre ele, sem esquecer a especificidade do componente curricular; valorizar as diferentes manifestações culturais espontâneas e propor situações em que as diferentes culturas se mostrem e sejam problematizadas; utilizar o princípio da inclusão; refletir sobre sua própria ação; escolher e contextualizar os conteúdos de forma diversificada; avaliar as atitudes dos alunos com relação ao respeito às diferenças; propor projetos interdisciplinares que diminuam as práticas discriminatórias, levando em consideração a realidade cultural da escola

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.peer-reviewe

Construção de códigos esféricos através do reticulado hexagonal

Códigos esféricos n-dimensionais gerados por grupos comutativos em dimensão par, n = 2m, podem ser determinados pelo quociente de reticulados m-dimensionais, quando os vetores que geram o sub-reticulado são mutuamente ortogonais [4]. Apresentamos a construção de sub-reticulados nestas condições, a partir do reticulado hexagonal, A2. Comparamos a distância mínima do código esfé- rico construído através do quociente destes reticulados com o limitante da distância mínima estabelecido em [5]

Biovalorization of Grape Stalks as Animal Feed by Solid State Fermentation Using White-Rot Fungi

This work aimed to evaluate the potential of three fungi strains, Lentinula edodes, Pleurotus eryngii, and Pleurotus citrinopileatus, to degrade lignin and enhance the nutritive value of grape stalks (GS). The GS was inoculated with the fungi and incubated under solid-state fermentation at 28 °C and 85% relative humidity for 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days, in an incubation chamber. The influence of the treatments was evaluated by analyzing the potential modifications in the chemical composition, in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) and enzymatic kinetics. An increase (p L. edodes and P. citrinopileatus at 42 days of incubation (50 and 75%, respectively). The treatment performed with L. edodes decreased (p p P. eryngii did not affect lignin content and IVOMD. A higher activity of all enzymes was also detected for the treatment with L. edodes. Results indicated that L. edodes has a great potential to enhance the nutritive value of GS as an animal feed, due to its lignin degradation selectivity

Perfil de obesidade e riscos cardíacos em estudantes da rede municipal de ensino de Guaxupé-MG

Introdução: Estudos apontam para um crescente aumento na prevalência de criança com sobrepeso e obesidade em diferentes regiões brasileiras, entretanto nenhum estudo tem apresentado tais análises em nossa região. Objetivos: Identificar a prevalência de obesidade e riscos cardíacos em crianças de ambos os gêneros matriculados nas escolas municipais da cidade de Guaxupé/MG. Material e Métodos: O estudo constou de 2198 voluntários, ambos gêneros, idade entre 05 a 14 anos, matriculados nas escolas municipais de ensino fundamental I da cidade de Guaxupé/MG onde avaliou o peso corporal e altura total para a identificação do IMC. Como também a perimetria da cintura para a obtenção da relação cintura/altura total e indicadores de riscos cardíacos. Resultados: A prevalência de abaixo do peso, peso normal, sobrepeso e obesidade para o gênero feminino foi, respectivamente: 31,7%, 33,5%, 15,4% e 20,8% e para o gênero masculino foi: 35,4%, 34,9%, 16,1% e 17,6%. Não foram encontrados valores médios críticos de perimetria de cintura e RCA. Conclusão: Os resultados demonstraram que 35,3% do gênero feminino e 33,7% do masculino indicam IMC acima da normalidade, porém sem riscos cardíacos. O presente estudo indica a necessidade imediata de políticas públicas de promoção melhoria da saúde e qualidade de vida, com manutenção e redução do peso corporal. ABSTRACT Obesity profile and cardiac risk in students of municipal schools of Guaxupé-MGIntroduction: Studies point to a growing increase in the prevalence of child overweight and obesity in different regions of Brazil, but no study has shown such analysis in our region. Objectives: To identify the prevalence of obesity and heart risks in children of both genders enrolled in municipal schools in Guaxupé / MG. Methods: The study consisted of 2,198 volunteers, both genders, aged 05-14 years, enrolled in public schools in elementary school in the city of Guaxupé / MG which evaluated body weight and total height to identify the BMI. As well as the perimeter of the waist to obtain the waist / height and overall cardiac risk indicators. Results: The prevalence of underweight, normal weight, overweight and obesity in females were, respectively: 31.7%, 33.5%, 15.4% and 20.8% and for males was: 35.4%, 34.9%, 16.1% and 17.6%. There were no critical average values of waist circumference and RCA. Conclusion: The results demonstrated that 35.3% female and 33.7% male indicate BMI above normal, but without cardiac risk. As well, the present study indicates the immediate need for public policies to improve the health and quality of life, maintaining and reducing body weight