Educação Física Escolar e multiculturalismo: possibilidades pedagógicas

School and Physical Education have always had difficulty to deal and to spread the manifestation of the differences and to give value to it. The aim of this work is to analyze the interfaces between school Physical Education and multiculturalism, presenting some intervention suggestions for the primary education. A bibliographic review was conducted on the issue searching an understanding on the pedagogic practice of the Physical Education professional, pointing some possible approaches. In order to change such pattern it was suggested the following: not to face the discrimination and prejudice superficially, but instead, to highlight the discriminating issue and to encourage reflection on it, not forgetting the curricular content; to value the different spontaneous cultural manifestations and to propose situations in which different cultures are shown and challenged; to use the inclusion principle; to reflect about the own action; to choose and to contextualize the contents in a diversified way; to evaluate the students attitude towards the difference respect; to propose interdisciplinary projects to reduce the discrimination practices, considering the cultural reality of the school.A escola e a Educação Física sempre tiveram dificuldades em lidar e abrir espaços para a manifestação e a valorização das diferenças. Nosso artigo, de caráter teórico, tem como objetivo analisar as interfaces entre a Educação Física escolar e o multiculturalismo, apresentando algumas sugestões de intervenção para o ensino básico. Realizamos uma revisão teórica sobre o assunto, que buscou refletir sobre a prática pedagógica dos profissionais de Educação Física, apontando algumas possibilidades de abordagem. Para a mudança deste quadro sugerimos: não encarar a problemática das discriminações e dos preconceitos de forma superficial, mas sim destacar o conteúdo discriminador e estimular a reflexão sobre ele, sem esquecer a especificidade do componente curricular; valorizar as diferentes manifestações culturais espontâneas e propor situações em que as diferentes culturas se mostrem e sejam problematizadas; utilizar o princípio da inclusão; refletir sobre sua própria ação; escolher e contextualizar os conteúdos de forma diversificada; avaliar as atitudes dos alunos com relação ao respeito às diferenças; propor projetos interdisciplinares que diminuam as práticas discriminatórias, levando em consideração a realidade cultural da escola

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

The impact of surgical delay on resectability of colorectal cancer: An international prospective cohort study

AIM: The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has provided a unique opportunity to explore the impact of surgical delays on cancer resectability. This study aimed to compare resectability for colorectal cancer patients undergoing delayed versus non-delayed surgery. METHODS: This was an international prospective cohort study of consecutive colorectal cancer patients with a decision for curative surgery (January-April 2020). Surgical delay was defined as an operation taking place more than 4 weeks after treatment decision, in a patient who did not receive neoadjuvant therapy. A subgroup analysis explored the effects of delay in elective patients only. The impact of longer delays was explored in a sensitivity analysis. The primary outcome was complete resection, defined as curative resection with an R0 margin. RESULTS: Overall, 5453 patients from 304 hospitals in 47 countries were included, of whom 6.6% (358/5453) did not receive their planned operation. Of the 4304 operated patients without neoadjuvant therapy, 40.5% (1744/4304) were delayed beyond 4 weeks. Delayed patients were more likely to be older, men, more comorbid, have higher body mass index and have rectal cancer and early stage disease. Delayed patients had higher unadjusted rates of complete resection (93.7% vs. 91.9%, P = 0.032) and lower rates of emergency surgery (4.5% vs. 22.5%, P < 0.001). After adjustment, delay was not associated with a lower rate of complete resection (OR 1.18, 95% CI 0.90-1.55, P = 0.224), which was consistent in elective patients only (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.69-1.27, P = 0.672). Longer delays were not associated with poorer outcomes. CONCLUSION: One in 15 colorectal cancer patients did not receive their planned operation during the first wave of COVID-19. Surgical delay did not appear to compromise resectability, raising the hypothesis that any reduction in long-term survival attributable to delays is likely to be due to micro-metastatic disease

Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.peer-reviewe

Ciclo basico : da proposta transformadora de alfabetização a realidade de sua pratica

Orientador: Sergio Antonio da Silva LeiteDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de EducaçãoResumo: O presente trabalho apresenta a avaliação do Ciclo Básico, em quatro escolas da rede estadual de ensino, na cidade de Franca - SP, através: a) do desempenho de 405 alunos no ensino da língua materna em 15 classes do C.B. em continuidade, b) da opinião de 15 professores alfabetizadores e, c) dos índices percentuais de aprovação - retenção - evasão, pré e pós C.B., no período de 1980 a 1988. Portanto, neste estudo, coletaram-se três tipos de dados, através dos seguintes instrumentos: a) elaboração e aplicação de um instrumento de avaliação de desempenho de aluno, considerando os conteúdos e objetivos propostos para o C.B. A elaboração de tal instrumento baseou-se nos tipos de atividades desenvolvidas pelos professores alfabetizadores nas classes do C.B. em continuidade; b) entrevista com os professores alfabetizadores do C.B. em continuidade, envolvendo quatro itens: 1. Dados de Identificação, visando caracterizar os docentes; 2. Concepções dos Professores, visando identificar o referencial teórico; 3. Práticas Docentes, visando identificar e analisar os procedimentos utilizados em sala de aula; 4. Proposta do C.B., visando verificar o conhecimento dos professores sobre a nova diretriz da escola pública de São Paulo, proposta pelos órgãos centrais (S.E.E/CENP); c)índices de aprovação ¿ retenção - evasão, pré-pós C.B. de 1980 a 1988, visando comparar os percentuais e verificar se houve alteração nestes índices, o que foi assumido como um dos objetivos que justificam a criação e implantação do Projeto do Ciclo Básico, na rede pública do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados são apresentados e discutidos em termos da análise das categorias dos "erros" cometidos pelos alunos no instrumento de avaliação de desempenho, a análise das respostas dos docentes nas entrevistas e os dados percentuais de aprovação - retenção e evasão pré-pós C.B., nas escolas e no município de Franca - SP. Tais dados indicam que, com relação ao desempenho dos alunos, estes dominaram os mecanismos do processo (relação letra - sílaba - palavra - frase) mas não indicam desempenho semelhante em atividades de compreensão (aspecto funcional da leitura e escrita). Os dados das entrevistas com os professores revelam que a maioria é do sexo feminino, com mais de 36 anos de idade, com nível de escolaridade superior e atuam no magistério há mais de 11 anos. Além disso, apontam para uma não compreensão dos objetivos e implicações da proposta do C.B. e para práticas tradicionais, pois não se sentem qualificados para adotar a proposta metodológica sugerida. Com relação aos dados percentuais retenção - evasão pré-pós C.B., estes indicam de aprovação uma tendência favorável ao período pré C.B. (80-84), isto é, os indices de aprovação são maiores que no periodo pós C.B. (85-88), enquanto que os índices de retenção e evasão são menores que os índices no mesmo períodoMestradoPsicologia EducacionalMestre em Educaçã

Construção de códigos esféricos através do reticulado hexagonal

Códigos esféricos n-dimensionais gerados por grupos comutativos em dimensão par, n = 2m, podem ser determinados pelo quociente de reticulados m-dimensionais, quando os vetores que geram o sub-reticulado são mutuamente ortogonais [4]. Apresentamos a construção de sub-reticulados nestas condições, a partir do reticulado hexagonal, A2. Comparamos a distância mínima do código esfé- rico construído através do quociente destes reticulados com o limitante da distância mínima estabelecido em [5]