New Natural Diterpene-Type Abietane from Tetradenia riparia Essential Oil with Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activities

Tetradenia riparia (Hochstetter) Codd belongs to the Lamiaceae family and it was introduced in Brazil as an exotic ornamental plant. A previous study showed its antimicrobial, acaricidal and analgesic activities. Two compounds were isolated from essential oil of T. riparia leaves and identified as 9 beta, 13 beta-epoxy-7-abietene (1), a new one, and 6,7-dehydroroyleanone (2), already reported for another plant. The structure of these compounds was determined by spectroscopic analysis and by comparison with literature data. The cytotoxic activities of the essential oil and compounds 1 and 2 were determined by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and by tumor cells MDA-MB-435 (human breast carcinoma), HCT-8 (human colon), SF-295 (human nervous system) and HL-60 (human promyelocytic leukemia). The essential oil and compound 1 showed high cytotoxic potential of the cell lines SF-295 (78.06% and 94.80%, respectively), HCT-8 (85.00% and 86.54%, respectively) and MDA-MB-435 (59.48% and 45.43%, respectively). Compound 2 had no cytotoxic activity. The antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), beta-carotene-linoleic acid system and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. The inhibitory concentration (IC50 in mu g mL(-1)) for essential oil and compound 2 was, respectively 15.63 and 0.01 for DPPH; 130.1 and 109.6 for beta-carotene-linoleic acid and 1524 and 1024 for ABTS. Compound 1 had no antioxidant activity. By fractioning the oil, it was possible to identify two unpublished compounds: 1 with high cytotoxic potential and 2 with high antioxidant potential

El marco jurídico de las startups: un abordaje desde la función social y solidaria de la empresa en el derecho brasileño

The purpose of this article is to consider the legality of startups in an approach to the social and solidarity function of the company. In this sense, the research analyzes the legality of startups, the social responsibility and solidarity of the same and its legal nature implemented in the country order, verifying if this framework is sufficient to support the new business model. The study is justified because of the relevance and contemporaneity of the theme, since with the entrepreneurship and innovation aspect the startups become a new relevant business phenomenon in the country. Therefore, we will use the hypothetical-deductive approach method, added to the bibliographic research method. It is concluded that startups are innovative enterprises, which are based on economic and social transformations, fulfilling their social and solidarity function as a company.El presente artículo tiene por finalidad analizar el marco jurídico de las startups, en un abordaje de la función social y solidaria de la empresa a partir de los enunciados normativos del Derecho Brasileño al respecto. La investigación analiza la legalidad de las startups, la responsabilidad de las mismas a luz del derecho brasileño y su tipificación y regulación, compulsando si las mismas son suficientes para amparar este nuevo modelo de empresa. Encuentra justificación el estudio en la relevancia contemporánea del tema, en efecto, con la vertiente del emprendedurismo y la innovación, las  startups se han presentado en Brasil como un nuevo fenómeno empresarial de importancia. A estos efectos utilizaremos el método de abordaje hipotético-deductivo, sumado a la búsqueda bibliográfica en la dogmática. Se concluye que las startups son emprendimentos innovadores, que se ubican ante las transformaciones económicas y sociales, cumpliendo una función  social y  solidaria como empresas

High prevalence of anemia in children and adult women in an urban population in southern Brazil

This population-based study was designed to detect the prevalence of anemia in a healthy population of children (18 months to 7 years) and women (14 to 30 years) tested in 2006–2007 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil as part of an effort to tackle this massive problem that still affects so many people in the XXI century. Anemia was defined according to the WHO. Capillary blood was measured and socioeconomic status was determined according to the Brazilian Association of Market Research Agencies. The median prevalence of anemia in 2198 children was 45.4% and in 1999 women 36.4%. Anemia decreased with age during childhood; although significantly more prevalent in lower classes individuals, it was also high in the upper classes. There are indirect evidences that the lack of iron supplementation and/or iron fortified food may play a role in it. Professionals and society wise measures of education have to be implemented in order to address possible biologic factors involved in childhood psychosocial development in southern Brazil

High prevalence of anemia in children and adult women in an urban population in southern Brazil

This population-based study was designed to detect the prevalence of anemia in a healthy population of children (18 months to 7 years) and women (14 to 30 years) tested in 2006–2007 in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil as part of an effort to tackle this massive problem that still affects so many people in the XXI century. Anemia was defined according to the WHO. Capillary blood was measured and socioeconomic status was determined according to the Brazilian Association of Market Research Agencies. The median prevalence of anemia in 2198 children was 45.4% and in 1999 women 36.4%. Anemia decreased with age during childhood; although significantly more prevalent in lower classes individuals, it was also high in the upper classes. There are indirect evidences that the lack of iron supplementation and/or iron fortified food may play a role in it. Professionals and society wise measures of education have to be implemented in order to address possible biologic factors involved in childhood psychosocial development in southern Brazil

Hierarchic Multiple Poisson Regression analysis of the predicting factors for anemia in children, RS, Southern Brazil, 2006–2007.

<p>PR: Prevalence ratio; SeS: socioeconomic status.</p>*<p>Hierarchic multiple poisson regression with level of significance<0.05; interval with 95% confidence.</p

Hierarchic Multiple Poisson Regression analysis of the predicting factors for anemia in women, RS, Southern Brazil, 2006–2007.

<p>PR: Prevalence ratio; SeS: socioeconomic status.</p><p>Hierarchic multiple Poisson regression with level of significance <0.05; interval with 95% confidence,</p>*<p>29 missing,</p>#<p>2 missing.</p

Univariate analysis of the predicting factors for anemia in women and crude PR of anemia according to age, social class and skin color in RS, Southern Brazil, 2006–2007.

<p>SeS – socioeconomic status,</p>*<p>2 missing,</p>#<p>29 missing.</p