9 research outputs found
On Abduction in Design
The mechanism of design reasoning from function to form is addressed by examining the possibility of explaining it as abduction. We propose a new interpretation to some definitions of innovative abduction, to show first that the concept, idea, as the basis for solution must be present in the inference, and second, that the reasoning from function to form is best modeled as a two-step inference, both of the innovative abduction pattern. This double-abductive reasoning is shown also to be the main form of reasoning in the empirically-derived âparameter analysisâ method of conceptual design. Finally, the introduction of abduction into design theory is critically assessed, and in so doing, topics for future research are suggested
Modelling overdispersion with integer-valued moving average processes
A new first-order integer-valued moving average, INMA(1), model based
on the negative binomial thinning operation defined by RistiÂŽc et al. [21] is proposed
and characterized. It is shown that this model has negative binomial (NB) marginal
distribution when the innovations follow a NB distribution and therefore it can be
used in situations where the data present overdispersion. Additionally, this model is
extended to the bivariate context. The Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) is
used to estimate the unknown parameters of the proposed models and the results of
a simulation study that intends to investigate the performance of the method show
that, in general, the estimates are consistent and symmetric. Finally, the proposed
model is fitted to a real dataset and the quality of the adjustment is evaluated.publishe
Regulatory capacity building and the governance of clinical stem cell research in China
While other works have explained difficulties in applying âinternationalâ guidelines in the field of regenerative medicine in so-called low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in terms of âinternational hegemonyâ, âpolitical and ethical governanceâ and âcosmopolitisationâ, this article on stem cell regulation in China emphasises the particular complexities faced by large LMICs: the emergence of alternative regulatory arrangements made by stakeholders at a provincial level at home. On the basis of ethnographic and archival research of clinical stem cell research hubs, we have characterized six types of entrepreneurial âbionetworksâ, each of which embodies a regulatory orientation that developed in interaction with Chinaâs regulatory dilemmas. Rather than adopting guidelines from other countries, we argue that regulatory capacity building is more appropriately viewed as a relational concept, referring to the ability to develop regulatory requirements that can cater for different regulatory research needs on an international level and at home