As tecnologias digitais no fluxo informacional do espaço rural brasileiro.

Resumo: Com as tecnologias digitais surge uma comunicação interativa de caráter múltiplo, complexo e participativo que permite às pessoas se engajam para romper o isolamento e partilhar a construção de ações conjuntas visando o desenvolvimento local. No espaço rural estas tecnologias podem mudar as condições de acesso das pessoas à informação e ao conhecimento gerado por diversos atores públicos e/ou privados e também permitir que construam novas racionalidades sobre o espaço, sobretudo o rural visando assegurar o desenvolvimento sustentável da agropecuária brasileira. Dentre os atores públicos que pode se valer das potencialidades inerentes às tecnologias digitais visando a disseminação das informações, conhecimentos e saberes que produz é a Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (Embrapa) cuja missão é viabilizar soluções de pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação para a agricultura brasileira. Considerando a importância que estas tecnologias assumem para a empresa e para os agricultores o presente artigo tem os seguintes objetivos: traçar um panorama sobre a forma como estas tecnologias podem servir de instrumento de disseminação de informações e conhecimentos gerados pela Embrapa para o espaço rural; e apresentar uma proposta, focada em uma perspectiva comunicacional interativa, para produzir objetos de transferência de tecnologias (OTT). Por ser uma proposta ancorada nas tecnologias digitais os OTT são importantes porque disseminam as informações e conhecimentos produzidos pela Embrapa favorecendo ainda a apropriação deles junto aos agricultores

Análise da estrutura fatorial da versão em português da Escala de Auto-Silenciamento

This study focuses on the adaptation of the Portuguese version of the Escala de Autosilenciamiento [EAS, for its Portuguese acronym] (Neves, 2005) that has been designed to assess the use of cognitive schemas for self silencing in intimate relationships. Participants were 371 women with a mean age of 22.36 years (SD=2.69; Min=18; Max=31), who at that time were involved in affective relationships with an average duration of 39.65 months (SD=33.93; Min=10; Max=192).The exploratory factor analysis suggests a factor solution of three factors, where the first factor includes items from the silencing of the sef and divided self subscales. The second factor includes items from the care-giving subscale such as self-sacrifice. And the third factor includes items from the externalized self-perception subscale. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis show reliable global indices of fitness of the model, confirming the quality of the model in terms of adjustment to empirical data (X2/df=1.964, CFI=.862, GFI=.894, RMSEA=.051) compared to the original model. Implications for a further study of the construct validity of the scale are discussed.Este estudo se centra na adaptação da versão em português da Escala de Auto-silenciamento (EAS; Neves, 2005) que está desenhada para avaliar o uso de esquemas cognitivos de auto-silenciamento nas relações íntimas. Neste estudo participaram 371 mulheres, com uma idade média de 22,36 anos (DP = 2,69, mín. = 18, máx. = 31), que nessa época estavam envolvidas em relações afetivas com uma duração média de 39,65 meses. (DP = 33,93, mín. = 0,10; máx. = 192). Uma análise fatorial exploratória posterior sugere uma solução de três fatores, aonde o primeiro fator inclui os itens da sub-escala de silenciamento do self e do self dividido; o segundo inclui os itens da sub-escala de Provisão de cuidados como o auto sacrifício, e o terceiro inclui os itens da sub-escala de auto percepção externalizada. Os resultados da análise fatorial confirmatória mostram índices gerais de adequação confiáveis, o que confirma a qualidade do ajuste do modelo aos dados empíricos (X2/df = 1964, CFI = .862, GFI = 0,894, RMSEA = 0,051) em comparação com a teste original. Analisam-se as implicações para um estudo más profundo da validez de constructo da escala.Este estudio se centra en la adaptación de la versión en portugués de la Escala de Autosilenciamiento (EAS; Neves, 2005) que está diseñada para evaluar el uso de esquemas cognitivos de autosilenciamiento en las relaciones íntimas. En este estudio participaron 371 mujeres, con una edad media de 22,36 años (DP = 2,69, mín. = 18, máx. = 31), que en esa época estaban involucradas en relaciones afectivas con una duración promedio de 39,65 meses. (DP = 33,93, mín. = 0,10; máx. = 192). Un análisis factorial exploratorio posterior sugiere una solución de tres factores, donde el primer factor incluye los ítems de la subescala de silenciamiento del self y del self dividido; el segundo incluye los ítems de la subescala de Provisión de cuidados como el autosacrificio, y el tercero incluye los ítems de la subescala de autopercepción externalizada. Los resultados del análisis factorial confirmatorio muestran índices generales de adecuación fiables, lo que confirma la calidad del ajuste del modelo a los datos empíricos (X2/df = 1964, CFI = .862, GFI = 0,894, RMSEA = 0,051) en comparación con la prueba original. Se analizan las implicaciones para un estudio más profundo de la validez de constructo de la escala

Sepsis is a major determinant of outcome in critically ill HIV/AIDS patients

Submitted by Fábio Marques ([email protected]) on 2018-11-22T17:00:57Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Sepsis is a major determinant of outcome in HIV_Beatriz_Grinsztejn_INI_Lapclin-AIDS_2010.pdf: 326444 bytes, checksum: 176fa7e5a33453c31a87f95cfc16a782 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Regina Costa ([email protected]) on 2018-11-22T18:05:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Sepsis is a major determinant of outcome in HIV_Beatriz_Grinsztejn_INI_Lapclin-AIDS_2010.pdf: 326444 bytes, checksum: 176fa7e5a33453c31a87f95cfc16a782 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-22T18:05:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sepsis is a major determinant of outcome in HIV_Beatriz_Grinsztejn_INI_Lapclin-AIDS_2010.pdf: 326444 bytes, checksum: 176fa7e5a33453c31a87f95cfc16a782 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST/AIDS. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST/AIDS. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST/AIDS. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST/AIDS. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Unidade de Tratamento Intensivo. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.New challenges have arisen for the management of critically ill HIV/AIDS patients. Severe sepsis has emerged as a common cause of intensive care unit (ICU) admission for those living with HIV/AIDS. Contrastingly, HIV/AIDS patients have been systematically excluded from sepsis studies, limiting the understanding of the impact of sepsis in this population. We prospectively followed up critically ill HIV/AIDS patients to evaluate the main risk factors for hospital mortality and the impact of severe sepsis on the short- and long-term survival

Quantification of endogenous levels of IAA, IAAsp and IBA in micro-propagated shoots of hybrid chestnut pre-treated with IBA

Endogenous levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-acetylaspartic acid (IAAsp) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) were measured during the first 8 d of in vitro rooting of rootstock from the chestnut ‘M3’ hybrid by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Rooting was induced either by dipping the basal ends of the shoots into a 4.92-mM IBA solution for 1 min or by sub-culturing the shoots on solid rooting medium supplemented with 14.8- μM IBA for 5 d. For root development, the induced shoots were transferred to auxin-free solid medium. Auxins were measured in the apical and basal parts of the shoots by means of HPLC. Endogenous levels of IAA and IAAsp were found to be greater in IBA-treated shoots than in control shoots. In extracts of the basal parts of the shoots, the concentration of free IAA showed a significant peak 2 d after either root inductive method and a subsequent gradual decrease for the remainder of the time course. The concentration of IAAsp peaked at day 6 in extracts of the basal parts of shoots induced with 14.8-μM IBA for 5 d, whereas shoots induced by dipping showed an initial increase until day 2 and then remained stable. In extracts from basal shoot portions induced by dipping, IBA concentration showed a transient peak at day 1 and a plateau between day 2 and 4, in contrast to the profile of shoots induced on auxin-containing medium, which showed a significant reduction between 4 and 6 d after transferred to auxin-free medium. All quantified auxins remained at a relatively low level, virtually constant, in extracts from apical shoot portions, as well as in extracts from control non-rooting shoots. In conclusion, the natural auxin IAA is the signal responsible for root induction, although it is driven by exogenous IBA independently of the adding conditions

The sulfur pathway and diagnosis of sulfate depletion in grapevine

Sulfur is an essential nutrient to all plant species. Plants assimilate sulfur in a well-described pathway, which has been taken up by roots. Regulatory mech- anism has been the subject of many research papers. However, recent studies highlighted differences between crop plants and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Our work focuses on the identification of genes involved in the sulfur metabolism in the Vitis vinifera genome, and their response to sulfur deficiency and other abiotic stress endured by grapevine in the field, namely water stress. Here, we describe the identification and brief characterization of the first assimilation enzymes involved in the sulfur pathway, the enzyme responsible for sulfur activa- tion, ATP sulfurylase (ATPS), and the two enzymes that reduce sulfate to sulfide, Adenosine 50-phosphosulate reductase (APR) and Sulfite reductase (SiR). A reduc- tion was observed in the number of ATPS and APR isoforms identified in V. vinifera genome when compared to A. thaliana or Glycine max genomes. Two ATPS isoforms were present in the Vitis genome, of which only ATPS1 transcript was detected in the tested tissues, and one APR isoform, suggesting an absence of redundancy in the role of both enzymes. ATPS1, APR and SiR transcript level was up-regulated in response to 2 days exposure to sulfur deficiency in V. vinifera cell cultures, which was completely reversed by the addition of GSH to the culture medium. Apparently, oxidative stress triggered GSH has a pivotal role in the regulation of ATPS1, APR and SiR transcription level, since their up-regulation was observed in mRNA from field grapevine berries under water stress, which is known to induce oxidative stress.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Immunolocalization of cell wall polymers in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) internodes under nitrogen, phosphorus or sulfur deficiency

Abstract The impact on cell wall (CW) of the deficiency in nitrogen (–N), phosphorus (–P) or sulphur (–S), known to impair essential metabolic pathways, was investigated in the economically important fruit species Vitis vinifera L. Using cuttings as an experimental model a reduction in total internode number and altered xylem shape was observed. Under –N an increased internode length was also seen. CW composition, visualised after staining with calcofluor white, Toluidine blue and ruthenium red, showed decreased cellulose in all stresses and increased pectin content in recently formed internodes under –N compared to the control. Using CW-epitope specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), lower amounts of extensins incorporated in the wall were also observed under –N and –P conditions. Conversely, increased pectins with a low degree of methyl-esterification and richer in long linear 1,5-arabinan rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) side chains were observed under –N and –P in mature internodes which, in the former condition, were able to form dimeric association through calcium ions. –N was the only condition in which 1,5-arabinan branched RG- content was not altered, as –P and –S older internodes showed, respectively, lower and higher amounts of this polymer. Higher xyloglucan content in older internodes was also observed under –N. The results suggest that impairments of specific CW components led to changes in the deposition of other polymers to promote stiffening of the CW. The unchanged extensin amount observed under –S may contribute to attenuating the effects on the CW integrity caused by this stress. Our work showed that, in organized V. vinifera tissues, modifications in a given CW component can be compensated by synthesis of different polymers and/or alternative linking between polymers. The results also pinpoint different strategies at the CW level to overcome mineral stress depending on how essential they are to cell growth and plant development

Heat and water stress induce unique transcriptional signatures of heat-shock proteins and transcription factors in grapevine

Grapevine is an extremely important crop worldwide. In southern Europe, post-flowering phases of the growth cycle can occur under high temperatures, excessive light, and drought conditions at soil and/or atmospheric level. In this study, we subjected greenhouse grown grapevine, variety Aragonez, to two individual abiotic stresses, water deficit stress (WDS), and heat stress (HS). The adaptation of plants to stress is a complex response triggered by cascades of molecular networks involved in stress perception, signal transduction, and the expression of specific stress-related genes and metabolites. Approaches such as array-based transcript profiling allow assessing the expression of thousands of genes in control and stress tissues. Using microarrays, we analyzed the leaf transcriptomic profile of the grapevine plants. Photosynthesis measurements verified that the plants were significantly affected by the stresses applied. Leaf gene expression was obtained using a high-throughput transcriptomic grapevine array, the 23K custom-made Affymetrix Vitis GeneChip. We identified 1,594 genes as differentially expressed between control and treatments and grouped them into ten major functional categories using MapMan software. The transcriptome of Aragonez was more significantly affected by HS when compared with WDS. The number of genes coding for heat-shock proteins and transcription factors expressed solely in response to HS suggesting their expression as unique signatures of HS. However, a cross-talk between the response pathways to both stresses was observed at the level of AP2/ERF transcription factors