Front crawl swimming performance and bi-lateral force asymmetry during land-based and tethered swimming tests

©Journal of Sports Science and Medicine. The aims of this study were to investigate whether land-based and tethered swimming strength tests can explain swimming performance in 200-meter front crawl and, whether these tests were able to identify bilateral symmetry in force production. In the first session, eighteen swimmers completed a maximum effort 200 m front crawl swim (swimming performance) and 15 seconds maximal effort tethered front crawl swim. In the second session, participants performed the upper extremity isometric strength test. Peak force production of tethered swimming and isometric strength tests were significantly correlated for the strongest and weakest sides (r = 0.58 and r = 0.63, respectively; p < 0.05), but only peak force production during tethered swimming correlated with 200 m swimming performance time (r = -0.55, p < 0.05). Bilateral asymmetries in peak force and rate of force development were similar between the tethered swimming and isometric strength tests (peak force: 13%, p = 0.24; rate of force development: 15%, p = 0.88) However, both tests detected significant difference of peak force and rate of force development between body sides. The tethered swimming test can partially explain the 200 m front crawl swimming performance. In addition, the land-based and tethered swimming tests may be used to identify bilateral asymmetry of swimming

The impact of sugar cane-burning emissions on the respiratory system of children and the elderly

We analyzed the influence of emissions front burning sugar cane on the respiratory system during almost I year in the city of Piracicaba in southeast Brazil. From April 1997 through March 1998, samples of inhalable particles were collected, separated into fine and coarse particulate mode, and analyzed for black carbon and tracer elements. At the same time, we examined daily records of children ( 64 years of age) admitted to the hospital because of respiratory diseases. Generalized linear models were adopted with natural cubic splines to control for season and linear terms to control for weather. Analyses were carried out for the entire period, as well as for burning and rionburning periods. Additional models were built using three factors obtained from factor analysis instead of particles or tracer elements. Increases of 10.2 mu g/m(3) in particles <= 2.5 mu m/m(3) aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) and 42.9 mu g/m(3) in PM10 were associated with increases of 21.4% [95% confidence interval (0), 4.3-38.5] and 31.03% (95% Cl, 1.25-60.21) in child and elderly respiratory hospital admissions, respectively. When we compared periods, the effects during the burning period were much higher than the effects during nonburning period. Elements generated from sugar cane burning (factor 1) were those most associated with both child and elderly respiratory admissions. Our results show the adverse impact of sugar cane burning emissions on the health of the population, reinforcing the need for public efforts to reduce and eventually eliminate this source of air pollution.Univ São Paulo, Sch Med, Environm Epidemiol Study Grp, Lab Expt Air Pollut, BR-05508 São Paulo, BrazilCatholic Univ Santos, Community Hlth Postgrad Program, Santos, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Ctr Nucl Energy Agr, Piracicaba, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Inst Phys, BR-05508 São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Pulm Physiopathol & Air Pollut Res Grp, São Paulo, BrazilHarvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Exposure Epidemiol & Risk Program, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USAUniv Santo Amaro, Sch Med, Environm Pediat Program, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Sch Med, Dept Internal Med, Pulm Physiopathol & Air Pollut Res Grp, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Trabalho educativo do enfermeiro na Estratégia Saúde da Família: dificuldades e perspectivas de mudanças

Este estudo objetivou conhecer as dificuldades e perspectivas de mudanças que os enfermeiros identificam no desenvolvimento das ações educativas na Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa descritivo-exploratória. Os dados foram coletados junto a 20 enfermeiros que atuam na ESF, no âmbito da 10ª Regional de Saúde do Paraná, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, no mês de abril de 2010, as quais foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstraram que os enfermeiros enfrentam dificuldades no desenvolvimento da educação em saúde junto aos usuários, à equipe, aos gestores e quanto à falta de recursos físicos, materiais e financeiros. Mas, a partir das dificuldades sentidas, buscam alternativas diversificadas para superá-las e sugerem modificações visando à melhoria na atenção primária à saúde da população, principalmente, no que tange ao trabalho educativo

Internações e óbitos e sua relação com a poluição atmosférica em São Paulo, 1993 a 1997

OBJETIVO: Investigar efeitos de curto prazo da poluição atmosférica na morbidade respiratória de menores de 15 anos e na mortalidade de idosos. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram analisadas as contagens diárias de admissões hospitalares, de menores de 15 anos e de mortes de idosos (>64 anos) no período de 1993 a 1997, em relação às variações diárias de poluentes atmosféricos (PM10, CO, O3). Foi utilizada para análise a regressão de Poisson em modelos aditivos generalizados. Os modelos foram ajustados para efeitos da tendência temporal, sazonalidade, dias da semana, fatores meteorológicos e autocorrelação. RESULTADOS: Variações do 10&deg; ao 90&deg; percentil dos poluentes foi significativamente associada com o aumento de admissões por doenças respiratórias em menores de 15 anos para PM10 (%RR=10,0), CO (%RR=6,1) e O3 (%RR=2,5). Associação similar foi encontrada para mortalidade em idosos e PM10 (%RR=8,1) e CO (%RR=7,9). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados encontrados são coerentes com os estudos que apontam associação entre variações de curto prazo dos poluentes atmosféricos e incremento na morbidade e mortalidade nos grandes centros urbanos

Evidence for rangewide panmixia despite multiple barriers to dispersal in a marine mussel

Oceanographic features shape the distributional and genetic patterns of marine species by interrupting or promoting connections among populations. Although general patterns commonly arise, distributional ranges and genetic structure are species-specific and do not always comply with the expected trends. By applying a multimarker genetic approach combined with Lagrangian particle simulations (LPS) we tested the hypothesis that oceanographic features along northeastern Atlantic and Mediterranean shores influence dispersal potential and genetic structure of the intertidal mussel Perna perna. Additionally, by performing environmental niche modelling we assessed the potential and realized niche of P. perna along its entire native distributional range and the environmental factors that best explain its realized distribution. Perna perna showed evidence of panmixia across > 4,000 km despite several oceanographic breaking points detected by LPS. This is probably the result of a combination of life history traits, continuous habitat availability and stepping-stone dynamics. Moreover, the niche modelling framework depicted minimum sea surface temperatures (SST) as the major factor shaping P. perna distributional range limits along its native areas. Forthcoming warming SST is expected to further change these limits and allow the species to expand its range polewards though this may be accompanied by retreat from warmer areas.Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT-MEC, Portugal) [UID/Multi/04326/2013, IF/01413/2014/CP1217/CT0004]; South African Research Chairs Initiative (SARChI) of the Department of Science and Technology; National Research Foundation; South African National Research Foundation (NRF); Portuguese Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) [SFRH/BPD/85040/2012, SFRH/BPD/111003/2015]info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio