I Love Her : Oh! Oh! Oh!

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I Sent My Wife To The Thousand Isles

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Role of nutrient-sensing taste 1 receptor (T1R) family members in gastrointestinal chemosensing

Luminal nutrient sensing by G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) expressed on the apical domain of enteroendocrine cells activates intracellular pathways leading to secretion of gut hormones that control vital physiological processes such as digestion, absorption, food intake and glucose homeostasis. The taste 1 receptor (T1R) family of GPCR consists of three members: T1R1; T1R2; T1R3. Expression of T1R1, T1R2 and T1R3 at mRNA and protein levels has been demonstrated in the intestinal tissue of various species. It has been shown that T1R2-T1R3, in association with G-protein gustducin, is expressed in intestinal K and L endocrine cells, where it acts as the intestinal glucose (sweet) sensor. A number of studies have demonstrated that activation of T1R2-T1R3 by natural sugars and artificial sweeteners leads to secretion of glucagon-like peptides 1&2 (GLP-1 and GLP-2) and glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP). GLP-1 and GIP enhance insulin secretion; GLP-2 increases intestinal growth and glucose absorption. T1R1-T1R3 combination co-expressed on the apical domain of cholecystokinin (CCK) expressing cells is a luminal sensor for a number of l-amino acids; with amino acid-activation of the receptor eliciting CCK secretion. This article focuses on the role of the gut-expressed T1R1, T1R2 and T1R3 in intestinal sweet and l-amino acid sensing. The impact of exploiting T1R2-T1R3 as a nutritional target for enhancing intestinal glucose absorption and gut structural maturity in young animals is also highlighte

Acetaldehyde Production by Rothia Mucilaginosa Isolates from Patients with Oral Leukoplakia.

Rothia mucilaginosa has been found at high abundance on oral leukoplakia (OLK). The ability of clinical isolates to produce acetaldehyde (ACH) from ethanol has not been investigated. The objective of the current study was to determine the capacity of R. mucilaginosa isolates recovered from OLK to generate ACH. Analysis of R. mucilaginosa genomes (n = 70) shows that this species does not normally encode acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) required for detoxification of ACH. The predicted OLK metagenome also exhibited reduced ALDH coding capacity. We analysed ACH production in 8 isolates of R. mucilaginosa and showed that this species is capable of generating ACH in the presence of ethanol. The levels of ACH produced (mean = 53 µM) were comparable to those produced by Neisseria mucosa and Candida albicansin parallel assays. These levels were demonstrated to induce oxidative stress in cultured oral keratinocytes. This study shows that R. mucilaginosa can generate ACH from ethanol in vitro at levels which can induce oxidative stress. This organism likely contributes to oral ACH levels following alcohol consumption and the significance of the increased abundance of R. mucilaginosa in patients with potentially malignant disorders requires further investigation

Chapter 21 Artificial intelligence and data analytics for geosciences and remote sensing theory and application

To address the limitation of conventional statistics in dealing with hyperspectral data of satellite and airborne images, two contextual analyses are introduced in this chapter. The first case study presents the development of an artificial intelligence (AI) and data analytics algorithm capable of classifying hyperspectral data to support remote sensing and geographic information systems researchers in understanding and predicting changes in natural earth processes. The classification algorithm is based on a fuzzy approach combining a decision tree classifier with a fuzzy multiple-criteria decision analysis classifier. The second case study presents the development of an AI tool that extracts features from the hyperspectral data to transform a two-dimensional (2D) satellite and airborne picture to a pseudo-3D picture to improve complexity and produce multidirectional sun-shaded pictures and their edges. Such 3D images are useful in supporting the discovery of prospective ground for mineral exploration, extraction from the earth of precious minerals or other geological materials, usually from deposits of ore, veins, lodes, seams, reefs, or placer deposits, and overall to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of mineral exploration

Treatment resistant trigeminal neuralgia relieved with oral sumatriptan: a case report

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