Review: Current trends in coral transplantation – an approach to preserve biodiversity

Ammar MSA,El-Gammal F, Nassar M, Belal A, Farag W, El-Mesiry G, El-Haddad K, Orabi A, Abdelreheem A, Shaaban A. 2013. Review: Current trends in coral transplantation – an approach to preserve biodiversity. Biodiversitas 14: 43-53. The increasing rates of coral mortality associated with the rise in stress factors and the lack of adequate recovery worldwide have urged recent calls for actions by the scientific, conservation, and reef management communities. This work reviews the current trends in coral transplantation. Transplantation of coral colonies or fragments, whether from aqua-, mariculture or harvesting from a healthy colony, has been the most frequently recommended action for increasing coral abundance on damaged or degraded reefs and for conserving listed or “at-risk” species. Phytoplanktons are important for providing transplanted corals with complex organic compounds through photosynthesis. Artificial surfaces like concrete blocks, wrecks or other purpose-designed structures can be introduced for larval settlement. New surfaces can also be created through electrolysis. Molecular biological tools can be used to select sites for rehabilitation by asexual recruits. Surface chemistry and possible inputs of toxic leachate from artificial substrates are considered as important factors affecting natural recruitment. Transplants should be carefully maintained , revisited and reattached at least weekly in the first month and at least fortnightly in the next three months. Studies on survivorship and the reproductive ability of transplanted coral fragments are important for coral reef restoration. A coral nursery may be considered as a pool for local species that supplies reef-managers with unlimited coral colonies for sustainable management. Transplanting corals for making artificial reefs can be useful for increasing biodiversity, providing tourist diving, fishing and surfing; creating new artisanal and commercial fishing opportunities, colonizing structures by fishes and invertebrates), saving large corals during the construction of a Liquified Natural Gas Plant

Detecting mobile producer’s position in a wireless named data network environment using signal strength

Named Data Networking (NDN) is a new Content Centric Network architecture that can possibly overwhelm most issues of IP mobility and security. The NDN is centered on addressing contents by themselves using names, rather than assigning IP addresses to packets on hosts where information is located on the global Internet. Due to the developing scope of remote access around the world and Wi-Fi accessibility, scenarios change because of additional networking devices. This paper analyses existing methodologies of mobile device communication using Wi-Fi in NDN. This involves using a mobile producer and a rendezvous node connected via content routers in an NDN scenario. Their location is detected and predicted immediately handoff occur and it send content transmission as a consumer. The approach of transmitting content signals uses sign power pointer (RSSI), TOA, and TSE in the network. Several challenges were noted and pointed out enhance future work

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Impacts of Water Quality, Fishing Mortality and Food Availability on the Striped Piggy Pomadasysstridens Production in Bitter Lakes, Egypt

Pollution, fishing effort and food availability are the main factors affecting the fi sh production from natural resources. Bitter lakes are one of the important lakes in Egypt that produce a number of commercial species with mean annual fish production of 5000 ton. Recently a dramatic decline in this production is recorded and we try to find the main reasons for this. Water quality of the Bitter lakes and trace elements in the water and fish tissues were investigated during 2013. Five different sampling sites covering the whole course of the Bitter lakes were selected and pH, water temperature and salinity were measured. The cations Ca, Mg, Na, and K concentrations in sample water as well as the heavy metals Cu, Cr, Mn, Pb, and Cd in water and its residues in the tissues of Pomadasysstridens were determined. The crustacean communities as one of the main food items for P. stridens were studied in the chosen five sites. Density and diversity of marine crustaceans depend not only on the state of pollution but also on the type of substrates and different predators. The distribution of the crustaceans in the Bitter lakes varied widely within the different stations and seasons. A production model was applied to estimate some target reference points for the rational exploitation of P. stridens in Bitter lakes. The obtained results revealed that, the production depleting of this species is due to the overfishing and pollution that affect the food availability and the estimated precautionary target reference points advised the reduction of&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; fishing effort by about 40-55% as well as the treatment of pollution resources along the lakes.</p

<span style="mso-bidi-font-weight:bold">Growth, age and reproduction of the commercially clams <i>Venerupis aurea and Ruditapes decussatus </i>in Timsah Lake, Suez Canal, Egypt </span>

589-600This study was undertaken of natural population of Venerupis aurea and Ruditapes decussatus from three sites in Timsah Lake, Suez Canal, Egypt. Population structures, growth characteristic, age and gametogenic cycle of these clams were studied. Dominant size was 20.1-25 mm for both genera. Age ranged from the first to the fifth with the dominance of the third age group in Venerupis aurea. Whereas it reached to the sixth age group in Ruditapes decussatus with the dominance of the fourth. The male/female ratio was 1.02: 1 and 1.25:1 for Venerupis aurea and Ruditapes decussatus respectively. Five stages of gonadal development were observed and seasonal gonadal changes were registered. Comparisons of the present study with that previously obtained on the same genera were reported

The effect of water quality on the distribution of macro-benthic fauna in Western Lagoon and Timsah Lake, Egypt.I

Macro-benthic fauna are considered the good bio-indicators for the environmental changes of any aquatic ecosystems. Samples of macro-benthos, sediments and surface water were collected from 13 stations representing different conditions in the Western Lagoon (10 stations) and Timsah Lake (3 stations) from autumn 2014 to summer 2015. Macro-benthic density and diversity in Timsah Lake were higher than those in the Western Lagoon; the density at Timsah Lake encompassed 167,649 individual/m2 representing 42 species from the total of 46 species recorded in the investigated area. While species density in the Western Lagoon constituted 12,008 individual/m2 presenting only 16 species. Winter recorded the highest density (74,854 individual/m2); the highest dominance (CDI = 0.858) and the lowest Equitability (0.293) due to the dominance of the opportunistic species. Spring harvested both the highest diversity (28 species) and species richness (SR = 2.917). While autumn and summer procured both the lowest density and diversity (34,021 and 29,544 individual/m2 and 23 and 25 species respectively). The equitability index (E′) showed its highest values within the Western Lagoon (>0.90) owing to the species poorness relative to Timsah Lake. The water quality data showed that the Western Lagoon and Timsah Lake had significant high oxygen influx in spring (11.00 and 9.35 mg/l, respectively) and oxygen depletion in summer (1.00 and 3.00 mg/l, respectively). Reactive phosphorus and ammonia in the Western Lagoon exceeded the world averages. Timsah Lake sediments were highly affected by the sediment drifts from the Western Lagoon. The highest influx of the fine sediment group (FSG) was estimated during spring with an average of 62.77% and 61.18% in Timsah Lake and Western Lagoon, respectively. Total organic matter (TOM) in Western Lagoon recorded the highest average of 17.05% in spring accompanied with the high biological productivities

Locating mobile producer’s position in anchorless NDN environment using signal strength

This paper assesses the Muslim contribution in Computer Science Applications and Technology. This involves in-depth analysis of recent technologies in computer, based on perspective that Islam accommodates. All research conducted from the history of civilization is basically driven from script of the Quran and Sunnah. Therefore, technology and science are derivatives of Islamic civilization. Recent technology of the Internet is now centred on multimedia contents applications (such as audio, video and images). This is due to the rapid innovations and production of electronic devices across the globe. The idea of contents on the Internet is developed from the Content Concentric Network (CCN). And the most promising between CCN types is the Named Data Networking (NDN). Named Data Networking is a new content centric network architecture that can possibly overwhelm most issues of IP mobility and security. NDN approach is commonly identified under Information Concentric Network or Content Concentric Network and is centered on addressing contents by themselves using names, rather than assigning IP addresses to packets on hosts, where information is located on the global Internet. Due to the developing scope of remote access around the world and Wi-Fi accessibility, scenarios change as a result of additional networking devices. This paper also analyses existing methodologies of mobile device communication using Wi-Fi in NDN environment. This involves using a mobile producer and a rendezvous node connected via content routers in a network. Their location is detected and predicted immediately handoff occur and it transmit content as a consumer. The approach of transmitting content signals uses sign power pointer, Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI), Time of Arrival (TOA) and TSE in the network. Several challenges were noted and pointed out o enhance future work

Review: Current trends in coral transplantation -an approach to preserve biodiversity

ABSTRACT Ammar MSA, El-Gammal F, Nassar M, Belal A, Farag W, El-Mesiry G, El-Haddad K, Orabi A, Abdelreheem A, Shaaban A. 2012. Review: Current trends in coral transplantation -an approach to preserve biodiversity. Biodiversitas 13: 00-00. Increasing the rates of coral mortality associated with rise in stress factors and the lack of adequate recovery worldwide have urged recent calls for action by the scientific, conservation, and reef management communities. This work reviews the current trends in coral transplantation. Transplantation of coral colonies or fragments, whether from aqua-, mariculture or harvesting from a healthy colony, has been the most frequently recommended action for increasing coral abundance on damaged or degraded reefs and for conserving listed or &quot;at-risk&quot; species. Phytoplanktons are important for providing transplanted corals with complex organic compounds through photosynthesis. Artificial surfaces like concrete blocks, wrecks or other purpose-designed structures can be introdcued for larval settlement, new surfaces can be also created through electrolysis. Molecular biological tools can be used to select sites for rehabilitation by asexual recruits. Surface chemistry and possible inputs of toxic leachate from artificial substrates are considered as important factors affecting natural recruitment. Transplants should be carefully maintained , revisited and reattached at least weekly in the first month and at least fortnightly in the next three months. Studies on survivorship and the reproductive ability of transplanted coral fragments are important for coral reef restoration. A coral nursery may be considered as a pool for local species that supplies reef-managers with unlimited coral colonies for sustainable management. Transplanting corals for making artificial reefs could be useful in increasing biodiversity; providing tourist diving, fishing and surfing; creating new artisanal and commercial fishing opportunities; colonizing structures by fishes and invertebrates), saving large corals during the construction of a Liquified Natural Gas Plant