Исследование микроструктуры безобжиговых периклазоуглеродистых огнеупоров при использовании в качестве заполнителя различного вида периклаза

У статті представлено результати досліджень мікроструктури периклазовуглецевих зразків, у яких в якості наповнювача використовували різні види периклазу. Петрографічні дослідження показали, що зразки щільні та міцні, як на плавленому, так і на спеченому периклазі.In clause the results of researches of microstructure magnesia-carbon refractors are submitted, at which in quality filler used different kind magnesia. Microstructures of samples strong and dense, both on melted, and on sintered periclase have shown, that

Velocity-space sensitivity of the time-of-flight neutron spectrometer at JET

The velocity-space sensitivities of fast-ion diagnostics are often described by so-called weight functions. Recently, we formulated weight functions showing the velocity-space sensitivity of the often dominant beam-target part of neutron energy spectra. These weight functions for neutron emission spectrometry (NES) are independent of the particular NES diagnostic. Here we apply these NES weight functions to the time-of-flight spectrometer TOFOR at JET. By taking the instrumental response function of TOFOR into account, we calculate time-of-flight NES weight functions that enable us to directly determine the velocity-space sensitivity of a given part of a measured time-of-flight spectrum from TOFOR

Relationship of edge localized mode burst times with divertor flux loop signal phase in JET

A phase relationship is identified between sequential edge localized modes (ELMs) occurrence times in a set of H-mode tokamak plasmas to the voltage measured in full flux azimuthal loops in the divertor region. We focus on plasmas in the Joint European Torus where a steady H-mode is sustained over several seconds, during which ELMs are observed in the Be II emission at the divertor. The ELMs analysed arise from intrinsic ELMing, in that there is no deliberate intent to control the ELMing process by external means. We use ELM timings derived from the Be II signal to perform direct time domain analysis of the full flux loop VLD2 and VLD3 signals, which provide a high cadence global measurement proportional to the voltage induced by changes in poloidal magnetic flux. Specifically, we examine how the time interval between pairs of successive ELMs is linked to the time-evolving phase of the full flux loop signals. Each ELM produces a clear early pulse in the full flux loop signals, whose peak time is used to condition our analysis. The arrival time of the following ELM, relative to this pulse, is found to fall into one of two categories: (i) prompt ELMs, which are directly paced by the initial response seen in the flux loop signals; and (ii) all other ELMs, which occur after the initial response of the full flux loop signals has decayed in amplitude. The times at which ELMs in category (ii) occur, relative to the first ELM of the pair, are clustered at times when the instantaneous phase of the full flux loop signal is close to its value at the time of the first ELM

High and low pre-inoculation temperatures decrease the effectiveness of the Lr20 and Sr15 rust resistance genes in wheat

Spring wheat seedlings containing Lr 20 and Sr 15 resistance alleles were raised at 30° C, prior to inoculation with leaf rust (Puccinia recondita race 76–2,3) and stem rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp, tritici race 343–1,2,3,5,6) pathogens, respectively. Infected plants were then grown at one of seven temperatures in the range 18–30 C and infection types were scored at 10 days post-inoculation. These results were compared with those obtained for plants raised at a pre-inoculation temperature of 18° C. In both 18° C and 30° C pre-grown plants, a progressive increase in infection type was observed on resistant lines as post-inoculation temperature increased. However, resistant lines raised at 30°C had significantly higher infection types than plants raised at 18° C at all post-inoculation temperatures for which some degree of resistance was still evident in the plants raised at 18°C, The maximum temperature for expression of resistance was significantly higher for Lr 20 than for Sr 15. irrespective of pre-inoculation temperature. A lowering of the resistance expression was also evident in Sr 15-bearing lines raised at a very low pre-inoculation temperature (4°C). The effects of low pre-inoculation temperature on resistance were assessed in both winter and spring wheat lines. These results are discussed in the light of current ideas concerning the host membrane location of pathogen recognition events